• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-31
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• 2005

Objectives:This study was designed to investigate the characteristics of personality changes and emotional distress using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI), divided into mild (MTBI) and severe (STBI) groups according to the severity of injury. Methods:The subjects were consisted of 25 patients with MTBI, 25 patients with STBI, and 25 normal controls. They were interviewed with the PAI. The data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ test, analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results:The results were the followings. First, Negative Impression in validity scales was elevated above cutoff point(T score 70) in both MTBI and STBI groups. Second, the clinical scales of which scores elevated above the cutoff point were Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, Anxiety-Related Disorders, Depression, and Schizophrenia in the MTBI, and Somatic Complaints and Depression in the STBI. Third, the clinical subscales above the cutoff point were Conversion, Somatization, Health Concerns, Affective Anxiety, Physiological Anxiety, Traumatic Stress, Cognitive Depression, Affective Depression, Physiological Depression, Thought Disorder, and Affective Instability in the MTBI, and Health Concerns, Cognitive Depression, Affective Depression, and Physiological Depression in the STBI. Fourth, Suicide Ideation in treatment scales was the only scale above the cutoff point in the MTBI and the others of the treatment and interpersonal scales in the MTBI and all of these scales of the STBI were not elevated above the cutoff point. Fifth, the scales of which scores showed significant difference between the MTBI and the STBI were Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, Depression, and Suicide Ideation, the subscales were Conversion, Somatization, Health Concerns, Affective Anxiety, Physiological Anxiety, Physiological Depression, and Psychotic Experiences. Conclusion:These results suggest that the patients with MTBI had more somatic and anxiety symptoms, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation than the patients with STBI. These characteristics are generally consistent with clinical observation and findings from previous studies of the patients with TBI, and the PAI seems to be a beneficial adjunctive assessment tool for the evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injury.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

Most of the cholesterol is synthesized by liver in the body while about one of third is taken via dietary. The main functions of cholesterol is to protect membranes in cell surface, avoid the arterial bleeding by hypertension, and prolong the life of erythrocytes, and so on. However, overload of cholesterol leads to arteriosclerosis associated with leading death cause. Lack of physical activity, emotional and environmental stress, and low intake of protein or vitamin E induce the unbalance between HDL- and LDL-cholesterol so become a basis of ischemic disorders in heart, brain and elsewhere in the body. So far, four major classes of medications for hyperlipidemia are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, and fibric acids. The statins can lower LDL and levels triglyceride, but may induce myopathy and an elevation of liver enzyme levels. The bile acid sequestrants lower LDL levels and raise HDL levels with no effect on triglyceride levels but side effects of gastrointestinal (GI) distress, constipation, and a decrease in the absorption of other drugs. Nicotinic acid and fibric acids lower LDL and triglyceride levels with showing flushing, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, GI distress, and hepatotoxicity dyspepsia, gallstones, myopathy, and unexplained noncardiac death as adverse effects. Above western drugs lower cholesterol by 15 to 30% while all have notable adverse effects. In traditional medicine, hyperlipidemia is regarded as retention of phlegm and fluid disease. Etiology and pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia is basically based on Spleen-Deficiency and Phlegm-Stagnation, accumulation and stasis of -heat, and Qi & blood stagnation induced by Phlegm-damp, water-dampness, and blood stasis. Thereby, strengthening Spleen and dissolving Phlegm, clearing away heat and diuresis, and supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation are commonly used therapeutic methods for hyperlipidemia. The traditional herbal medicine, have been used for patients with CVA, hypertension or hyperlipidemia in Oriental hospital or Oriental clinic. The lock and key theory is used to develop most of western medicine, however many diseases are caused by mixed factors in body-complex system. We expect that Oriental pharmacological theory could be newborn as a novel drug showing high advantage of blood levels of lipidsand QOL of performance without side effects.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.267-275
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• 2017

Background and Objective: Whabyung is a Korean cultural disorder characterized by a combination of emotional stress and physical symptoms. Acupuncture, herbal medicines and other complementary medicinal treatments are used to treat the symptoms of whabyung. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of acupuncture treatment and herbal medicine treatments on anger, anxiety and depression of whabyung. Methods: Using PubMed, CENTRAL, AMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cnii, CNKI, J-SATGE, PsycArticles, KISS, KoreaMed, kmbase, NDSL, RISS, OASIS and Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal, articles published by March 2017 for whabyung or whabyung-related syndrome were searched. The quality of selected articles was evaluated using RoB and RoBANS. The effects of acupuncture and herbal medicines on anger, anxiety, and depression levels of whabyung patients were considered for meta-analyses. Results: Of the total 2408 articles retrieved from the database, 11 were finally selected and 4 articles were used for meta-analyses. Acupuncture reduced whabyung patients' anger and anxiety. Especially, the state anxiety was significantly reduced (effect size= -0.676, p= .026). Herbal medicine had effects on reducing anxiety and state anger while trait anger was increased without statistical significance. Conclusion: The present study showed the effectiveness of acupuncture and herbal medicines for whabyung patients in general. However, considering the limited availability of articles and the heterogeneity between them included for the meta-analysis, the results should be generalized with caution. In the future, more studies within the structure of evidence-based medicine need to be conducted to generate objective and valid evidences of korean medicine.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.598-607
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the Sophrologic Prenatal Education Program. Method: The subjects of this study were 16 antepartum women who had been registered at community health centers at S-gu in Pusan. Data were collected from women who visited for antenatal care during the period from the 7th of May to 28th of June in 2003. Participants were evaluated before and on completion of the 8 weeks' educational program using 3 instruments: Breast-feeding knowlege, Maternal-fetal attachment and Antenatal stress. The Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test was conducted for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 10.0. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest in the mean score of the Breast-feeding knowledge. The mean scores of the experiment group and the control group were $31.44{\pm}5.51\;and\;37.06{\pm}4.27$ respectively (p=.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest in the mean score of the Maternal-fetal attachment (p=.315, p=.578). Conclusions: Community health care providers must consider the emotional needs of Korean people and make efforts to adapt the Sophrologie Prenatal Education Program for a larger number of antepartum women in community.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2018

This research is to analyze the change of pupil size in gender through the eye-tracking experiment in large complex cultural space. It is meaningful that figured out the common characteristics and differences from gender observation characteristics. Through this research, the analyzed results of the observation time measurement that appeared from the fixation and saccades pupil indicator able to define as follows. Firstly, it was suggested that there were differences between each gender and participants through extract pupil size that can be the standard examples for the case from male and female and the process of extracting the relative pupil size change on the hourly range. From the specific time range, it was possible to indicate bending characteristics and reversal phenomena of Fixation and Saccades. Second, the result was found equally from both male and female group that the rapid increment of pupil size at initial time range immediately after the eye-tracking experiment has been initiated. This can be considered to actively accepting the stress given by the subject through the extended pupil after 10 seconds that compare to indicated very low pupil size between 0 to 10 seconds after starting the experiment. Third, meanwhile 0 to 10 seconds after initial observation are the time of sudden change in the pupil size, therefore these time range data cannot be regarded as observed in the appropriate condition. Thus, it able to define the highest times of emotional processing for male as 10 to 80 seconds, and for female as 10 to 70 seconds. There was no definition of the time range data for observation experiment from previous research, this data can be considered to stable time to observation through the pupil extension. Therefore, it is possible to set suitable time of observation experiment to be around 70 to 80 seconds exclude initial experiment time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.788-800
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• 2016

This study proposes an execution protocol for fashion therapy. Research on fashion therapy are limited and insufficient for the current need for the establishment of a fashion therapy theory. This study introduces cognitive behavior therapy, embodied cognition, and object relations theory as theories that underlie fashion therapy. A fashion therapy system model is provided based on the analysis of art therapy to explore its applicability to fashion therapy. The fashion therapy system model utilizes fashion items to managing pain and stress to better competence, encouragement and self-expression mechanisms to improve social, psychological, emotional and behavioral functions. In addition, 8 phases of the fashion therapy process (inquiry, forming rapport, assessment, goal-objective, observation, selection of strategy and design, practice, and the final evaluation and closing of fashion therapy) are suggested for developing a practical fashion therapy program. This study is to help overcome a negative perspective on fashion that provokes an excessive spending behavior and to make a practical contribution by creating more social value through fashion. The significance of the study is in the attempt to create an interdisciplinary approach of psychotherapy and fashion that can be extend into the fashion and textile discipline.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.623-631
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• 1995

The parents of cerebral palsy children are identified as special individual with responsibilities and roles beyond those of other parents. Physical therapist often direct their attention to the cerebrel palsy child without supporting. teaching or appreciating the parent. As parents are the most influential factor in the child's development and because parents generally have a need to be incorporated in their child's treatment and education. education regarding treatment is essential for the parent. Parents tend to seek information about their child's disability and desire accurate. Straight foreward and complete information about their child. Parent groups are advantageous organizations in that they provide mutual support and emotional and social outlets. While learning to accept a disabled child. parents must deal with additional stressful events which occur when community involvement with the cerebral palsy child begins. The parents are immediately thrust into new roles as they come into contact with medical specialists, physical therapist or other parents of disabled children. These events contribute to a psychological stress. sense of loss and lowing of selfesteem.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2008

Cancer patients have been suffered from the instability of mind/body and unbalanced homeostasis because of cancer progression and medical treatment such as chemotherapy, It is very important that appropriated actions can be promptly taken by monitoring cancer patients' mental conditions. For this reason, it is crucial to develop a monitoring method which is convenient and not harmful to their body. Brain-computer-interface(BCI) system is introduced for the purpose in this paper. Prefrontal brain waves of cancer patients and control groups have been measured by a portable neurofeedback(NF) system based on self-regulation of the human electroencephalogram(EEG). The NF system consists of the portable EEG amplifier and a headband with dry electrodes placed on Fp1 and Fp2 sites. Patterns of the prefrontal brain waves taken by computer are correlated to brain quotients by EEG-analysis program. Basic rhythm quotient, attention quotient, emotional quotient, anti-stress quotient and correlation quotient of control group have shown high significant level compared with the cancer patients group. On the other hand, the EEG patterns analysis is shown its possibility to be an important methodology of monitoring cancer patients' condition.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.87-94
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the essential meaning of Deokhu's culture in adolescent as a play space on Cyber. A phenomenological research method guided data collection and analysis. Qualitative research methods collected from 18 in - depth interviews using semistructured question types for 13 to 17 year - old adolescents living in Seoul Jamsil. As a result, As a result, adolescent's Deokhu culture started by stress and social and emotional desire, and especially it was utilized as a play space on the cyber of purchase activity of fandom and goods around SNS activities. This has a positive effect on self-awareness as well as self-identity formation. Above all, the shortage of play time due to heavy school entrance and the lack of socially provided play space make the cyber space as another play space for the adolescents.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2015

The PRQ instrument is parental perspectives of the parent-child relationship. It measured parent-child dimensions that include attachment and involvement. Also, it provides additional information on parenting style, parenting stress and satisfaction with the child's school. This study tested reliability and validity of the Korean version of Parenting Relationship Questionnaire-Child (K-PRQ-C). The K-PRQ-C was administered to parents of 713 elementary school children including 362 boys and 351 girls. They were from 1st to 6th grade children who were recruited form 4 elementary schools in Korea. Reliability was tested through internal consistency. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, scale inter-correlation was conducted for validity test. Discriminant validity conducted through administration to the parents of clinical children with emotional and behavior disorders. Construct validity was also examined through Korean version of the Parenting Sense of Competence. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the similar factor structures exist for PRQ-C and K-PRQ-C. The results showed a high level of internal consistency as well as construct and discriminant validity. These results showed valid psychometric properties for the K-PRQ-C. The K-PRQ-C provides a reliable and valid means of gathering information about the parent-child relationship. We discussed Implications for the use of the K-PRQ-C as a clinical tool and as a research instrument.