• 아동학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2004

An emotion inference task was used to investigate children's cognitive cuing by age, cue type, and situation-emotion fit. Subjects were 41 of 3-, and 5-year-old children from two different day-care centers in Seoul and Kyonggi province. Each child was individually interviewed with pictorial tasks. 5-year-old children demonstrated more cuing, thinking, and application responses than 3-year-old children. Particularly, they showed more situation and thinking responses in situation-emotion match than in situation-emotion mismatch. 3-year-old children showed more past-oriented responses than 5-year-old children. In the interpersonal cue story, there were more situation, past-oriented and thinking responses than in the interobjective ones. The interpersonal cue story produced more situation responses in situation-emotion match than in situation-emotion mismatch.

• 감성과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2005

정서를 경험하는 동안 자율신경 반응과 외현적 반응, 그리고 얼굴 표정, 몸짓, 자세, 언어 등과 같은 정서적 의사소통을 나타낸다. 안면근육반응은 공포, 놀람, 행복, 혐오, 슬픔, 분노와 같은 감정적인 표현을 측정하는 하나의 수단으로, 특정한 안면근육에 기초를 둔 반응을 식별할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 아동이 긍정정서와 부정정서를 느낄 때 나타나는 안면근육반응의 변화를 알아보고, 아동이 느끼는 긍정정서와 부정정서의 구분이 가능한지를 알고자 하였다. 시청각 동영상(Audiovisual Film Clips)을 이용하여 긍정정서 (기쁨)와 부정정서를 유발하였고, 47명의 아동이 이들 정서를 느끼는 동안 안면근전도(Facial EMG : 우측 corrugator supercilii와 orbicularis oris)를 측정하였다. 또한 아동이 경험한 정서의 심리반응 결과를 평가하기 위하여 정서평가척도를 사용하였다. 두 정서에 대한 높은 적합성($85\%$이상)과 효과성(기쁨 3.15, 공포4.4, 5점 만점)을 보였다. 안면근육반응 결과, 두 정서 모두에서 안정상태와 정서 상태간의 유의한 차이가 있었다. 정서에 따른 반응 결과, 긍정정서와 부정정서에 따라 corrugator supercilii와 orbicularis oris 반응의 차이가 나타났다. corrugator supercilii는 긍정정서일 때 부정정서보다 근육의 활동이 더 증가하였다. orbicularis oris는 부정정서일 때 긍정정서보다 근육의 반응이 더 증가하였다.

• 감성과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2004

감성을 구성하는 중요한 요소인 각성은 자율신경계 반응으로 잘 측정될 수 있음이 보고되고 있다. 그러나 자율신경계 반응만으로 각성차원과 쾌차원으로 구성된 전체감성을 측정할 수 있을지는 의문이다. 본 연구는 자율신경계 반응으로 전체 감성을 평가할 수 있는지 그 생리적 변수는 무엇인지를 분석하였다. 15명의 대학생을 대상으로 실험 목적을 위하여 제작된 8개의 동영상으로 다양한 감성을 유발했으며 자율신경계의 대표적 생리신화인 맥파(PPG), 피부저항(GSR), 피부온도(SKT)를 측정하였다. 자극제시후 주관적 감성평가를 실시하였다. 주관적 감성경험은 크게 3가지 요인으로 구성된 것으로 확인되었으며, 그 중에서 2개의 요인과 생리적 지표를 대응시키는 방안이 탐색되었다. 그 결과, 생리적 지표는 신체적으로 흥분할수록 감성경험에 따라 더욱 분명한 차이를 드러내지만 흥분수준이 낮은 경우에는 생리적인 지표만으로는 감성경험을 예측하기 어려웠다. 흥분과 평온함을 제외한 다른 감성 요인은 생리적인 지표와 직접 대응이 쉽지 않은데, 이는 상관관계가 없어서가 아니라 모든 생리지표와 감성간에 복합적인 관계가 있기 때문이었다. 특히 SKT는 흥분-평온함만을 반영하는 GSR, PPG와는 달리 불쾌-유쾌 경험과도 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 SKT 지표와 불쾌-유쾌 감성 차원의 대응 가능성이 논의되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.216-226
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• 2002

This study attempts to understand how the perception of service quality as well as shopping motives influence on the emotional responses in store shopping, and to examine how these relevant variables influence on the store satisfaction. The 463 questionnaires were collected from the purchasers in department stores, fashion specialty stores, and national brand franchise stores. The results of this study are as fellows: 1. In regard to shopping motives, two dimensions of product motive and experiential motive were identified, explaining 47.39% of shopping motives. 2. In regard to emotional response, two dimensions of pleasure emotion and displeasure emotion were identified, explaining 65.95% of emotional responses. 3. Shopping motives led to the store satisfaction after the perception of service quality and then the experience of pleasure emotion. These related variables explained 60% of the store satisfaction. 4. The consumers of fashion specialty store showed the highest product motive, whereas the consumers of department stores showed the highest displeasure emotion in the store. As the results showed, customers' shopping motives influence their perception of service quality and pleasure emotion. Therefore, in order to stimulate shopping motives, the store environment that can give customers pleasure and opportunity to pursue various experiences should be provided. As the service quality is a very important variable that leads pleasure emotion in the store, sales persons should be trained to satisfy customers.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of time remaining to use mileage in the notification message from retailers on consumer responses. A total of 577 consumers participated in experiments involving different notification messages of the time remaining to use mileage. Results showed: 1) a significant difference in mileage benefit perception, positive emotion, negative emotion, attitude toward retailers, and repurchase intention according to the remaining time to use mileages, 2) benefit perception positively affected positive emotion and negatively affected negative emotion; positive emotion positively affected and negative emotion negatively affected attitude toward retailers; and attitude positively affected repurchase intention on retailers, and 3) the remaining time to use mileages moderates the relationship between attitude and repurchase intention. Findings highlighted the importance of timing of the message to notify the consumer as to remaining time to use mileage. In the case of a message indicating long remaining time to use mileage, consumers showed more positive responses toward retailers than did consumers who had a message indicating short remaining time to use mileage. These results can be used as guidelines to select the optimal time to send notification messages of remaining time to use mileage in order to generate positive consumer responses.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.323-335
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between personality and psychological responses induced by emotional stimuli (happiness, sadness, anger, boring and stress) for children. Background: Many researches are interested in assertion that there is close correlation between personality and emotion. The relationship between personality and emotion needs to be studied in view of the extended integration, not in view of respective property, because personality is deeply ingrained, and the relatively enduring patterns of thought, feeling and behavior and emotion can take advantage of individual differences in sensitivities to situational cues and predispositions to emotional state. In particular, studies on the personality and emotion for children are necessary in that childhood is an important period for formation of their personality and emotion expression and regulation. Method: Prior to the experiment, we made parents of 94 children rate personalities of their children, based on Korean Personality Inventory for Children (K-PIC). Results of 64 children without missing answers to all questions were analyzed. 64 children were exposed to five emotional stimuli and were asked to report the classification and intensity of their experienced emotion. Results: Children were classified into two groups of the lower 25% and higher 25% scores in twenty sub-scales of K-PIC, and psychological responses to five emotional stimuli between two groups were compared. Accuracy of emotion experienced by emotional stimuli showed a significant difference between the two groups, the lower and higher scores in Hyperactivity and Adjustment. Also, there was a significant difference in the intensity of experienced emotions between the two groups in Intellectual Screening and Psychosis. Conclusion: Our result has shown that hyperactivity, adjustment, intellectual screening and psychosis influence the accuracy and intensity of emotional responses. Application: This study can offer a guideline to overcome methodological limitation of emotion studies for children and help researcher basically understand and recognize human emotion in HCI.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.513-519
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• 2013

The current vision-based approaches for emotion recognition, such as facial expression analysis, have many technical limitations in real circumstances, and are not suitable for applications that use them solely in practical environments. In this paper, we propose an approach for emotion recognition by combining extrinsic representations and intrinsic activities among the natural responses of humans which are given specific imuli for inducing emotional states. The intrinsic activities can be used to compensate the uncertainty of extrinsic representations of emotional states. This combination is done by using PRMs (Probabilistic Relational Models) which are extent version of bayesian networks and are learned by greedy-search algorithms and expectation-maximization algorithms. Previous research of facial expression-related extrinsic emotion features and physiological signal-based intrinsic emotion features are combined into the attributes of the PRMs in the emotion recognition domain. The maximum likelihood estimation with the given dependency structure and estimated parameter set is used to classify the label of the target emotional states.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.193-206
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• 2011

The purpose of the study is to examine the use of emotion vocabulary by Korean English learners. Three basic emotion fields, pleasure, anger, and fear were selected to elicit the participants' responses. L1 English speakers' data was also collected for comparison. The major results are as follows. First, English learners responded with various inappropriate verb forms like I feel~, I am~ while the majority of English native speaking teachers responded with subjunctive forms like I would feel~. In addition, L2 English learners used mostly simple and coordination sentences. Second, the lexical richness, measured through type/token ratio, was higher in English L1 data than in English L2 data. The proportion of emotion lemmas reflects the lexical richness or the diversity of the emotion words. Lastly, L2 English learners' responses focused on a few typical adjectives like happy, angry and scared. This structural and semantic distinctiveness of Korean English learners' emotion words was discussed from pedagogical perspectives.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2017

This study investigated the relationships between experiencing verbal violence and the emotional responses and coping behaviors of dental hygienists who worked in Jeonju between February 24 and March 18, 2017 to prepare strategies for managing verbal violence and establish a healthy working environment for dental hygienists. The following findings were obtained in this study. The dental hygienists primarily experienced verbal violence from patients and guardians (1.67 points). The most common verbal violence type was, "Someone treated me impolitely." The most common emotional response to verbal violence was "anger" (3.52 points). The coping style of most dental hygienists was problem-focused coping (3.28 points), followed by emotion-focused coping (2.75 points). Most hygienists with the problem-focused coping style stated that they resolve the problem through dialogue (3.51 points), while most hygienists with the emotion-focused coping style responded that they just ignore the situation (3.78 points). The relationship between experiencing verbal violence and the emotional responses and coping behaviors of dental hygienists showed a statistically significant positive correlation (p<0.05) with emotional responses and problem- and emotion-focused coping associated with experiencing verbal violence from dentists, patients, and guardians. These findings confirm the need to reduce verbal violence, control emotional responses after exposure to verbal violence, and use more problem-focused coping measures. Dental hygienists must develop interpersonal skills and communication techniques and promote professionalism in their workplace to protect themselves from verbal violence at work.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of mothers' reactions toward children's negative emotion as well as mothers' emotional expressivity on children's social withdrawal. 206 children (103 boys, 103 girls; aged 4-5 years old) and their mothers participated in the study. Mothers reported their reactions to their child's negative emotion along with their expressivity. The teachers completed a rating scale to measure children's social withdrawal. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's productive correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regressions. The results showed a relation between mothers' distress reactions and punitive responses and children's social withdrawal. A mother's positive expressivity was negatively related to a child's social withdrawal. A hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the effects of mothers' punitive responses and minimization responses on children's withdrawal were moderated by a mother's positive expressivity. Mothers' punitive responses and minimization responses were positively associated with children's social withdrawal, especially for children who had the lowest level of mother's positive expressivity.