• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to measure and evaluate the exhaust emission factors of agricultural tractors. Engine characteristics and three exhaust emissions (CO, NO_x, PM) were collected under actual agricultural operating conditions. Experiments were performed on idling, driving, plow tillage, and rotary tillage. The load factor (LF) was calculated using the collected engine data, and the emission factor was analyzed using the LF and exhaust emissions. The engine characteristics and exhaust emissions were significantly different for each working condition, and in particular, the LF was significantly different from the currently applied 0.48 LF. The data distribution of exhaust emissions was different depending on the engine speed. In some conditions, the emission factor was higher than the exhaust emission standards. However, since most emission limit standards are values calculated using an engine dynamometer, even if the emission factor measured under actual working conditions is higher, it cannot be regarded as wrong. It is expected that the results of this study can be used for the inventory construction of a calculation for domestic agricultural machinery emissions in the future.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2016

농업 분야는 경종부문과 축산부문으로 나누어지는데, 축산 부문 온실가스 배출원은 장내발효 부문($CH_4$)과 가축분뇨처리 부문($CH_4$ 및 $N_2O$)으로 다시 나누어진다. 본 연구는 1990부터 2013년까지의 축산부문 온실가스 배출량을 1996 IPCC Tier 1 방법을 이용하여 산정하고, 배출량 증감의 원인을 분석하였다. 2013년 축산부문 온실가스 배출량은 9.9백만 톤 $CO_2-eq$로써 국가 전체 온실가스 배출량의 1.4%를 차지하였고, 농업분야 전체 배출량의 47.6%를 차지하였다. 장내발효 부문 배출량은 4.4백만 톤 $CO_2-eq.$로써 소에서의 배출량이 전체 장내발효 배출량의 91.7%(젖소 23.9%, 한 육우 67.8%)를 차지하였다. 가축분뇨처리 부문 배출량은 5.5백만 톤 $CO_2-eq.$로써 한 육우에서 배출량은 전체 가축분뇨처리 부문 배출량의 36.6%로 가장 많이 차지하였고, 다음으로 돼지(29.4%), 가금류(19.1%), 젖소(12.5%)에서 배출량이 많았다. 즉, 한 육우, 돼지, 닭이 축산부문 온실가스 배출량 변화에 주로 영향을 미치는 배출원인 것으로 분석되었는데, 이는 해당 축산물의 소비량이 증가함에 따라 가축 사육두수 또한 지속적으로 증가 했기 때문이라고 할 수 있다. 축산부문 온실가스 배출량의 정확도를 높이기 위해서는 현재 사용하고 있는 IPCC 기본 배출계수 대신 국가고유 배출계수를 개발하여 배출량 값의 신뢰도를 높이는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 국가고유 배출계수 산정 고도화에 필요한 원시자료 확보를 위한 연구를 지속적으로 수행해야 할 것이다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.387-396
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• 2003

A field study was conducted during the summer time of 2002 to determine compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from vehicles and to develop source emission profiles that is applied to CMB model to estimate the source contribution of certain area. Source emission profile is widely used for the estimation of source contribution by the chemical mass balance model and have to be developed applicable for the target area of estimation. This study was aimed to develop source emission profile and estimation of source contribution of VOCs after application of the chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. After considering the emission inventory and other research results for the VOCs in Seoul, Korea, the sources like vehicle emission (tunnel), gas station (gasoline, diesel), solvent usage (painting operation, dry cleaning, graphic art), and gas fuels were selected for the major VOCs sources. Furthermore, ambient air samples were simultaneously collected from 09:00 to 11:00 for four days at eight different official air quality monitoring sites as receptors in Seoul during summer of 2001. Source samples were collected by canisters, and then about seventy volatile organic compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Based on both the developed source profiles and the database of the receptors, CMB model was intensively applied to estimate mass contribution of VOCs sources. Examining the source profile from the vehicle, the portion of alkanes of VOCs was highest, and then the portion of aromatics such toluene, m/p-xylene were followed. In case of gas fuel. they have their own components; the content of butane, propane, ethane was higher than any other component according to the fuel usage. The average of the source apportionment on VOCs for 8 sites showed that the major sources were vehicle emission and gas fuels. The vehicle emission source was revealed as having the highest contribution with an average of 49.6%, and followed by solvent with 21.3%, gas fuel with 16.1%, gasoline with 13.1%.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2014

Biomass burning is one of the significant emission source of PM and CO, but a few studies are reported in Korea. Air pollutants emission from biomass burning such as wood stove and boiler, and wood-pellet stove and boiler were estimated in this study. Activity levels related to biomass burning such as fuel types, amount of fuel loading, and location and temporal variation were investigated by field survey over Korea. Fuel loadings were 14.9 kg/day for wood stove, 31.3 kg/day for wood boiler, 12.8 kg/day for wood-pellet stove, 32.5 kg/day for wood-pellet boiler during the season of active use. These were mostly burned in winter season from october to april of next year. Estimated annual emissions from wood stove & boiler were CO 76,677, $NO_x$ 710, $SO_x$ 70, VOC 20,941, TSP 6,605, PM10 2,921, PM2.5 1,851, and NH3 7 ton/yr, respectively. Emissions from wood-pellet stove and boiler were CO 32,798, $NO_x$ 1,830, $SO_x$ 25, VOCs 5,673, TSP 629, PM10 457, PM2.5 344, and $NH_3$ 2 ton/yr, respectively. When the emission estimates are compared with total emissions of the national emission inventory (CAPSS: Clean Air Policy Support System), Those occupy 12.5%, 2.8% of total national emission for CO and PM10, respectively. These results show wood and wood-pellet burning appliances were one of the major source of air pollution in Korea. In future, these types of heaters need to be regulated to reduce air pollution, especially in suburb area.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.114-128
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• 2013

현재 온실가스 배출량 산정 방법은 온실가스 저감대책 효과 분석이 불가능하며 차량의 이동특성이 반영이 안 된 실정으로 이를 극복할 수 있는 온실가스 배출량 산정 방법의 필요로 본 연구가 시작되었다. 교통수요 분석을 통해 차종, 교통상황에 따른 HBEFA 배출계수로 배출량을 산정하는 방법을 통해 고양시에 적용하여 분석하였다. 본연구의 지자체단위 교통수요 추정방안을 통해 실질적인 교통 이용특성에 맞는 온실가스 배출량이 산출되었다. 온실가스 지자체별 통행요금, 속도제한 등 온실가스 저감 요인들이 교통수요 모형에 반영되어 온실가스 저감 대책에 대한 효과분석 후 환경영향을 줄일 수 있는 방안을 강구하여 온실가스 저감 대책 마련에 효율적으로 이용될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.789-802
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• 2021

This study analyzed the characteristics of high PM_2.5 episodes that meets the concentration criteria of Emergency Reduction Measures Plan (ERMP) in Busan during the 2015-2020, and compared with those in Seoul. As a first step, the CAPSS-2017 emission data was employed to analyze the emission differences between Busan and Seoul, and pointed out that Busan emission included the dominance of ship emissions (37.7%) among total PM_2.5 city emissions, whereas fugitive PM_2.5 emission was the highest in Seoul. These emission characteristics are indicating that the controlling action plan should be uniquely applied to cope with ERMP in each region. We selected extremely high PM_2.5 episode days that meet the criteria of ERMP levels. In Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam region, 15, 16, and 8 days of extremely high PM_2.5 cases were found, respectively, whereas Seoul showed approximately doubling of occurrences with 37 cases. However, the occurrences in summer season indicated big differences between two cities: the proportion of summer-season occurrence was 13-25% in Busan, whereas no single case have occurred in Seoul. This is suggesting the needs of comprehensive summer emission reduction plan with focusing on sulfur reduction to effectively cope with the ERMP levels in summer in the southeastern region, including Busan.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.497-514
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• 2017

This study quantitatively analyzes the effects of emission inventory choices on the simulated particulate matter (PM) concentrations and the domestic/foreign contributions in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) with an air quality forecasting system. The forecasting system is composed of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE)-Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ). Different domestic and foreign emission inventories were selectively adopted to set up four sets of emissions inputs for air quality simulations in this study. All modeling cases showed that model performance statistics satisfied the criteria levels (correlation coefficient >0.7, fractional error <50%) suggested by previous studies. Notwithstanding the apparently good model performance of total PM concentrations by all emission cases, annual average concentrations of simulated total PM concentrations varied up to $20{\mu}g/m^3$ (160%) depending on the combination of emission inventories. In detail, the difference in simulated annual average concentrations of the primary PM coarse (PMC) was up to $25.2{\mu}g/m^3$ (6.5 times) compared with other cases. Furthermore, model performance analyses on PM species showed that the difference in the simulated primary PMC led to gross model overestimation in general, which indicates that the primary PMC emissions need to be improved. The contribution analysis using model direct outputs indicated that the domestic contributions to the annual average PM concentrations in the SMA vary from 44% to 67%. To account for the uncertainty of the simulated concentration, the contribution correction factor method proposed by Bae et al. (2017) was applied, which resulted in converged contributions(from 48% to 57%). We believe this study shows that it is necessary to improve the simulated concentrations of PM components in order to enhance the accuracy of the forecasting model. It is deemed that these improvements will provide more accurate contribution results.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.163-165
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• 2006

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.384-386
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• 2006

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.203-205
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• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 우리 나라의 환경기초시설 중 하·폐수처리시설에서 발생하는 온실가스 배출량(inventory)을 산출하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 IPCC에서 제안하고 있는 지침을 중심으로 온실가스 배출량 산출방법을 검토하고, 우리 나라의 특성을 반영할 수 있도록 관련변수를 조사하였다. 또한 관련 변수의 적합성을 판단하고 기초 자료를 확보하기 위하여 일부 관련 시설에 대한 배출농도 측정을 실시하였다. (중략)