• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2015

The negative factors of fishery in environmental aspect of view are Greenhouse gas emission problems by high usage of fossil fuel, destruction of underwater ecosystem by bottom trawls, reduction of resources by fishing and damage of ecosystem diversity. Especially, the Greenhouse gas emission from fisheries is an important issue due to Canc$\acute{u}$n meeting, Mexico in 1992 and Kyoto protocol in 2005. However, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries did not much carry out. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from Korean fishery industry is needed as a first step to find a relevant way to reduce GHG emissions from fisheries. The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted from fishery. Here, we calculated the GHG emission from Korean bottom pair trawl fishery using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficient of the fishery is also calculated. The GHG emissions from the representative fishes caught by bottom pair trawl will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for the edible weight of fishes are calculated with consideration to the different consuming areas and slaughtering process also. The results will be helpful to understand the circumstances of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.313-325
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• 2011

From October 2009 to June 2010, major greenhouse gases (GHG: $N_2O$, $CH_4$, $CO_2$) soil emission were measured from upland cabbage field at Kunsan ($35^{\circ}$56'23"N, $126^{\circ}$43'14"E), Korea by using closed static chamber method. The measurements were conducted mostly from 10:00 to 18:00LST during field experiment days (total 28 days). After analyzing GHG concentrations inside of flux chamber by using a GC equipped with a methanizer (Varian CP3800), the GHG fluxes were calculated from a linear regression of the changes in the concentrations with time. Soil parameters (e.g. soil moisture, temperature, pH, organic C, soil N) were also measured at the sampling site. The average soil pH and soil moisture were ~pH $5.42{\pm}0.03$ and $70.0{\pm}1.8$ %WFPS (water filled pore space), respectively. The ranges of GHG flux during the experimental period were $0.08\sim8.40\;mg/m^2{\cdot}hr$ for $N_2O$, $-92.96\sim139.38mg/m^2{\cdot}hr$ for $CO_2$, and $-0.09\sim0.05mg/m^2{\cdot}hr$ for $CH_4$, respectively. It revealed that monthly means of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ flux during October (fall) were positive and significantly higher than those (negative value) during January (winter) when subsoil have low temperature and relatively high moisture due to snow during the winter measurement period. Soil mean temperature and moisture during these months were $17.5{\pm}1.2^{\circ}C$, $45.7{\pm}8.2$%WFPS for October; and $1.4{\pm}1.3^{\circ}C$, $89.9{\pm}8.8$ %WFPS for January. It may indicate that soil temperature and moisture have significant role in determining whether the $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ emission or uptake take place. Low temperature and high moisture above a certain optimum level during winter could weaken microbial activity and the gas diffusion in soil matrix, and then make soil GHG emission to the atmosphere decrease. Other soil parameters were also discussed with respect to GHG emissions. Both positive and negative gas fluxes in $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ were observed during these measurements, but not for $N_2O$. It is likely that $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ gases emanated from soil surface or up taken by the soil depending on other factors such as background concentrations and physicochemical soil conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.59-72
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to propose the concrete and realistic alternative measures for $CO_2$ emission reduction on commercial sector. To achieve the purpose, this study adopted AIM/KOREA simulation model modified from AIM(Asia-Pacific Integrated Model) originally developed by Japan National Environmental Research Institute. The results of simulation demonstrate that the $CO_2$ emission from the commercial sector in 1995 was estimated 864 million TC(tons of carbon); however, according to the base scenario, $CO_2$ emission in 2020 is expected to be increased to 1,872 million TC, which is 2.17 times greater than that in 1995. In order to mitigate the ever-increasing $CO_2$ emission, the results of AIM/KOREA simulations under various scenarios showed that the 30-thousand-won carbon tax scenario does not successfully motivate the selection of advanced technology; however, with the 300-thousand-won carbon tax, a substantial amount of $CO_2$ emission reduction by 1.69 million TC from the BaU((Business-as-Usual)scenario is expected to be achieved by year 2020. Such substantial reduction of $CO_2$ emission under the 300-thoudsand-won carbon tax scenario is due to the introduction of advanced technology, such as use of condensing boilers, forced by heavier carbon tax. Under the scenario that presumes the maximum introduction of gas-burning industrial appliances, an 2.66 million TC of $CO_2$ reduction was expected. The results of this study suggest that the $CO_2$ emission reduction measures can be interpreted in many different views. However, if people and industries are fully aware of the economic benefit of energy saving, a certain level of $CO_2$ reduction by a successful introduction of advanced energy saving technology appears to be achieved without carbon tax or subsidies.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2011

In this study, we organized the test results obtained from the performance tests for the CA certificated air cleaners which had been commercially available in Korea since 2003, and analyzed the correlation among the test parameters such as flow rate, particle collection efficiency, clean air delivery rate (CADR), ozone emission, odor removal efficiency and noise level etc. The noise level of 267 air cleaners were increased as concentrated at the 45, 50, 55 dB, which are the required noise level for CA certification according to flow rate, and ozone emissions from the CA air cleaners were significantly lower than the requirement limit, 50 ppb for 24 hour operation. The average particle collection efficiency and odor removal efficiency were 89.3 and 80.8%, approximately 20% higher than the requirement of CA certification, regardless of flow rates. The particle removal performance of an air cleaner was clearly discriminated by its CADR, and the CADR was obtained with a simple calculation: 0.79 x flow rate. The low differentiation of gas removal performance of air cleaners by the current CA gas test method was improved by 3.2, 751.3, 13.4 times for ammonia, acetic acid, respectively, by adopting the CADR concept and the real time measurement method, FTIR, for gas removal performance test.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.734-743
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• 2007

Polyurethane foam-disk passive air samplers (PAS) were deployed in a southern area of Korea for three months. The target compounds were 12 coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The congener profiles measured in this study were the same as those in ambient air and emission gas from the incinerator. A gradient of the total PCBs in different regions (industrial>residential>rural) was observed, suggesting the industrial complex may be an important source of coplanar PCBs. In general, only gas-phase compounds are mainly sequestrated by PAS. In order to estimate the concentration of particle-phase PCBs, a gas/particle partition model was used. A combined result (gas+particle-phase PCBs) was compared with previous results, indicating that the level of coplanar PCBs in our study area is comparable to those in other urban sites in the world. The validation of this method for estimating the total concentration is required through additional backup studies.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.220-222
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• 2005

We can classify two cases in a way to observe an atom of gas state or a molecule using the laser. First case is way to use dispersion phenomenon like Rayleigh scattering, Thomson scattering, Mie scattering, Raman Scattering. And Second case is a way to use change phenomenon like a LAS (Laser Absorption Spectroscopy), LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescent). In this paper, we have measured the meta-stable density and the distribution by using a LAS method in Xe discharge lamp. The laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) is useful to investigate the behavior of such species. The xenon atoms in the $1S_4$ and $1S_5$ generate excited $Xe^*$(147nm) and $Xe_{2}^*$(173nm) dimers in Xe plasma. It is found that the intensity of VUV 147nm emission is proportional to that of the IR 828nm emission, and the VUV 173nm emission is roughly proportional to that of the IR 823nm emission. The laser is used CW laser that consist of AlGaAs semiconductor and energy level is used 823.16nm wavelength. We measured signal of monochrometer from the lamp center while will change a discharge electric current by 6mA in 3mA and calculated meta-stable state density of a xenon atom through a measured value.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.32-40
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate variation of spark plug protrusion and PDA valve on the exhaust emission in a gasoline engine. Swirl is one of the important parameters that affects the characteristics of combustion. PDA valve has been developed to satisfy requirements of sufficient swirl generation for improving the combustion and reducing of emission level. Also, especially, the variation of spark plug protrusion have an important effect to the early flame propagative process. This is largely due to the high flame speed by short of flame propagation distance. So, this is forced that injection timing, spark timing and intake air motion govern the stable combustion. As a result, using two combustion chamber, without charge of engine specification and the variable spark plug location and PDA valve could be reduced exhaust gas at a part load engine conditions(1500rpm imep 3.9bar, 2000rpm imep 3.2bar, 2400rpm imep 3.9bar).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.392-399
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• 2006

Since the global warming problem emerged in the international community, the problem has been sought to be not at the national but at the global level. As a result, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was agreed by international delegates in 1992, and the Kyoto Protocol which imposes industrialized nations to decrease their greenhouse gas emission was agreed by the international community in 1997. Kyoto protocol came into effect for reduction duty of greenhouse gas.(16-Feb-2005) High developed countries press environmental regulation. It will strengthen an environment regulation from advanced nation with this protocol. This study is intended to examine unfolding transition on negotiations of Conference of Parties(COP), the Kyoto Mechanism referred as a cost-effective tool to meet a targeted level of greenhouse gas decrease, and trends in responses of developed countries to the Kyoto Protocol, and finally suggests legal and politic counterplans responding to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereafter, UNFCCC).

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1050-1059
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• 2005

Heat and $SF_6$ gas dispersions over a complex terrain were investigated using wind tunnel. The wind speed, temperature and concentration profiles were measured for the 1/1000 scale complicated terrain model in an Eiffel type boundary layer wind tunnel with test section of 2.5m in height and 4.5m in width. The scale model was mounted on the top of a plate which can rotate with respect to the approaching wind. Dispersion processes from a continuous emission source driven by various wind direction were investigated, including plume climbing over the steep up-slope of the mountain and down-spreading toward the lower level of the valley. Extensive dispersion experiment data (wind speeds and concentration profiles) were provided for verification and validation of dispersion models. Under the identical flow and emission conditions, the independently measured profiles of the temperature and $SF_6$ concentration showed an excellent agreement which ensured the credibility of the results.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.10-15
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• 2012

Recently we have a growing interest in environmental pollution and alternative energy. Diesel engine is generally used to produce the power on the ground and the sea. However, the combustion characteristics are changed on account of the wear of fuel system and the altered ambient condition of the combustion chamber by the increment of the engine operation hour. Therefore combustion characteristics on fuel injection timing are experimentally investigated to find out the optimum fuel injection timing in the case of the aged diesel engine using biodiesel blend oil. Cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, rate of heat release and combustion gas temperature are risen by the advancing fuel injection timing, while the exhaust gas temperature and soot emission level are decreased by the advancing of fuel injection timing. The least specific fuel oil consumption is indicated at BTDC $26^{\circ}$ CA on the 75%load and at 1800rpm.