• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.114-128
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• 2013

Greenhouse gas emissions have been an important issue in different countries because of their effects on global warming. The government has to organize greenhouse gas reduction measures suitable to regional characteristics by establishing annual implementation plans and comprehensive policies based on the UNFCCC. The transportation sector is one of the major contributors of air pollution; hence increasing need to estimate current and future traffic emissions precisely. Under these circumstances, a number of emission models have been developed recently. However, current methods of estimation cannot carry out effective analyses because it does not reflect vehicle movement characteristics. This study aims to present a new method for calculating road traffic emissions in Goyang city. A travel demand model is utilized to carry out GHG emission estimates according the traffic data (fleet composition, vehicle kilometers travelled, traffic intensity, road type, emission factors and speed). This study evaluates two approaches to estimate the road traffic emissions in Goyang City: Pollution-Emis and the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA v.3.1) which is representative of the "average speed" and the "traffic situation" model types. The evaluation of results shows that the proposed emission estimation method may be a good practice if vigilant implementation of model inputs is observed.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2019

Purpose - The industrial structure upgrading can play an important role in promoting the carbon emission efficiency. Thus, this paper attempts to study the impact of industrial structure upgrading on carbon emission efficiency in order to reduce carbon emissions. Research design, data, and methodology - This paper selects panel data of 30 provinces and municipalities (autonomous regions) in China from 2001 to 2016, and divides them into three regions. The Moore index is used to measure the industrial structure upgrading, the non-radial SBM model based on undesired output is used to measure the slack variable to calculate the total factor carbon emission efficiency. Finally the impact of industrial structure upgrading on the carbon emission efficiency are analyzed. Results - It is found that the Moore index and the carbon emission efficiency in the eastern region is the highest in the three regions. Conclusions - The influence of various influencing factors on carbon emission efficiency is different between regions. The Moore index has a positive effect on the carbon emission efficiency in the eastern region, and has a negative influence coefficient on the central region. The effect on the western region is not obvious.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.703-710
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• 2004

Petroleum refineries have been considered as an important emission source for atmospheric volatile hazardous air pollutants(HAPs). The emission source includes petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The control strategy for volatile HAPs requires emission estimations of these pollutants. However, systematic methods of volatile HAPs emission from petroleum refineries have not yet been established. Accordingly, present study surveyed the estimation method of volatile HAPs emitted from the petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The emission estimation methods for the petroleum refinery processes are applied for 11 petroleum refining facilities: fluidized catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, moving bed catalytic cracking, compressed engine, blowdown system, vacuum distilled column condensator, natural gas or distilled boiler, natural gas or distilled heater, oil boiler, oil heater and flare. Four emission estimation methods applied for the petroleum refinery process equipment are as follows: average emission factor approach, screening ranges approach, EPA correlation approach and unit-specific correlation approach. The process equipment for which emission factors are available are valves, pump seals, connectors, flanges and open-ended lines.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 2013

National investment was performed in the research and development of renewable energy because of climate change by air pollution, exhaustion of energy sources, energy security, and so on. Biodiesel fuel of the renewable energy is highlighted as friendly environment energy, it is possible to operate in regular diesel engines when it is blended with invariable ratios without making any changes. Emission factors have been estimated for commercial ship from various research institutes; however, it is difficult to develop emission factors for military vessels. In this work, biodiesel blended fuel emission factors for sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide were quantitatively estimated from propulsive diesel engine installed on naval vessel using fuel property analysis. In addition, exhaust emissions were quantitatively calculated on the basis of fuel consumption rate with biodiesel content by percentage.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1244-1249
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• 2001

The characteristics of engine performance with fuel injection system in D.I. diesel engine were studied in this paper A fuel injection system has an important role in the performance and emission gas in a diesel engine. In this paper, an experimental study has been performed to verify the effect of the performance and the emission gas with the factors such as diameters of an injection nozz1e hole, diameters of an injection pipe and injection timing in the fuel injection system. The authors have obtained the results that optimizing the factors of fuel injection system is siginificant to enhance the performance of the engine system and consumption ratio of fuel, smoke, and NOx.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2002

A fuel injection system has an important role in the performance and emission gas in a diesel engine. In this paper, an experimental study has been performed to verify the effect of the performance and the emission gas with the factors such as diameters of an injection nozzle hole, diameters of an injection pipe, and injection timing in the fuel injection system. We have obtained the results that the fuel consumption ratio is reduced and NOx concentration is increased as the smaller diameter of injection nozz1e hole, the smaller diameter of injection pipe, and more advanced injection timing. They show that optimizing the factors of fuel injection system is significant to enhance the performance of the engine system and consumption ratio of fuel, smoke, and NOx.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2014

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) from agricultural sector were categorized in a guideline book from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as methane from rice paddy fields and nitrous oxide from agricultural soils. In general, GHG emissions were calculated by multiplying the activity data by emission factor. Tier 1 methodology uses IPCC default factors and Tier 2 uses country specific emission factors (CS). The CS and Scaling factors (SF) had been developed by NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Science) projects from 2009 to 2012 to estimate how the advanced emissions. The purpose of this study was to compare GHG emissions calculated from IPCC default factors and NAAS CS and SF of agricultural sector in Korea. Methane emissions using CS and SF in rice paddy field was about 79% higher than those using IPCC default factors. In the agricultural soils, nitrous oxide emissions using CS from the 5 crops were about 40% lower than those using IPCC default. Except those 5 crops, approximately up to 52% lower emissions were calculated using CS compared to those using IPCC default factors. The total GHG emissions using CS and SF were about 33% higher than those using Tier 1 method by IPCC default factors.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2013

In this study, the anthracite coal being used as fuel in Korea were classified into different types. These types include the domestically produced anthracite, imported anthracite used as raw material, and imported anthracite used as fuel. Each of the calorific values and greenhouse gas emission factors were calculated. The calculation of greenhouse gas emission factors resulted in the domestically produced anthracite as $111,477{\pm}4,508kg\;CO_2/TJ$, the imported anthracite used as raw material as $108,358{\pm}4,033kg\;CO_2/TJ$, and anthracite used as fuel was displayed as $103,927{\pm}8,367kg\;CO_2/TJ$. Additionally, the amount of greenhouse gas emission based on these calculated emission factors was displayed as $6,216,942ton\;CO_2$, which resulted as 12.7% lower than the green house gas emission amount which was calculated without distinguishing anthracite coal in details. Therefore, collecting activity data through a detailed classification of anthracites facilitate a more accurate calculation of greenhouse gas emission amount compared to collecting activity data through combination. Furthermore, since the anthracite coal used domestically possesses characteristics differing from the anthracite coal proposed by the IPCC, anthracite coal should be classified for each purpose and calculated for the improvement of the national greenhouse gas inventory.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2018

Despite the increasingly stringent automotive emissions regulations, the impact of vehicle emissions on air pollution remains large. In addition, since the issue of emission of more exhaust gas than the exhaust gas measured in the test room when the vehicle passing the exhaust gas regulation standard is run on the actual road, many countries studied and introduced gas regulations about Real Driving Emission using Portable Emission Measurement System. At present, Korea regulations restrict the number of NOx and PN in diesel vehicles. In the case of gasoline vehicles, there is no regulation on emission gas, but there is a problem of continuing automobile exhaust gas problems and a large amount of gasoline GDI vehicle's PN emission. So research and interest are increasing due to this problem. In this study, characteristics of exhaust gas depending on changes of ambient temperature were analyzed among various factors affecting exhaust gas measurement of gasoline vehicles. As a result, at the low temperature test, the lower the ambient temperature, the more the exhaust gas was emitted. At ordinary temperature test, no specific tendency was observed due to changes of ambient temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

The gaseous and particulate emissions from agricultural crop residues burning were investigated. The test residues included white soybean stem, pepper stem, apple branch, peach branch, pear branch, grape branch, sesame stem, perilla stem, and barley stem. Particulate emissions were dominated by fine particles (< $0.1{\mu}m$ in size). The highest $PM_{2.5}$ Emission factors were from barley stems (35.2 g/kg), and the lowest from pepper stems (7.9 g/kg). Emission factors for CO, NO, and VOCs were 146~305 g/kg, 4.94~15.02 g/kg, 27.4~353.3 g/kg, respectively. Benzene played an important role in VOCs emissions from biomass burning.