• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2015

갑자기 마주친 응급상황에 대해 대부분의 사람들은 당황하게 되고, 신고 시 정확한 메시지 전달이 되지 않는 경우가 많다. 최근 일상화된 스마트 소프트웨어 환경에서 개인의 응급상황을 정확하고 구조화된 형태로 전송하여 최적의 서비스를 받을 수 있도록 하거나, 주위의 여타 응급상황에 실시간으로 대처할 수 있도록 하는 효율적인 응급 의료 서비스 시스템을 제공하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 효율적이고 구조화된 응급의료 서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 빠르고 정확한 XML-기반 메시지 전송 기술에 대한 표준 프로토콜을 설계하고, 이를 이용하여 효율적이고도 신속하고, 정확한 처리를 할 수 있는 환경을 제공한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2012

Purpose : The goal of the present study is to provide the basic information to medical control which is the most important improving factor of pre-hospital medical treatment. Method : A total of 749 records of direct medical control were collected from 119 EMTs in emergency medical information center of Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do and Chungcheongbuk-do from March 1, 2010 to February 28, 2011. Results : The 119 EMTs should record the level of qualification of EMT and general patient history taking precisely when they receive direct medical controls. The doctors should take medical controls within the task range of qualification of EMTs. Conclusion : It is necessary to establish the guideline of medical direction and protocol of prehospital emergency care. The quality improvement of pre-hospital emergency services will be possible by the guideline and protocol.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2012

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the appropriateness of Emergency Medical Service's (EMS's) triage and transport of severely injured patients in Busan and Kyungnam, Korea. Methods: The medical records of the Emergency Medical Information Center were retrospectively reviewed from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010. We identified the number of patients that should have been transferred from a secondary to a tertiary hospital according to the EMS field triage protocol. Results: In a total of 472 cases requests to be transferred to a third hospital were made through the Emergency Medical Information Center. Of these, 207 patients(43.9%) should have been transferred to a tertiary hospital according to the EMS field triage protocol. Among them, thirty-three(15.9%) patients satisfied step 1, 15(7.0%) satisfied step 2, and 117(56.5%) satisfied step 3. Twenty-three(11.1%) patients satisfied both steps 1 and 3. Conclusion: We found the triage by the EMS in the transfer of severely injured patients to a tertiary hospital to be inappropriate and re-education of EMS personnel regarding the EMS field triage protocol is needed. Because many patients are transferred from a secondary to a third hospital, we suggest changing the EMS field triage protocol to expand the severe injury criteria. A need exists to authorize secondary hospitals to transfer severely injured patients directly because there are no trauma centers in Korea.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권9호
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• pp.2302-2322
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• 2012

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are introduced as an enabling technology in tele-health for patient monitoring. Designing an efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the main challenge in WBANs because of their various applications and strict requirements such as low level of energy consumption, low transmission delay, the wide range of data rates and prioritizing emergency data. In this paper, we propose a new MAC protocol to provide different requirements of WBANs targeted for medical applications. The proposed MAC provides an efficient emergency response mechanism by considering the correlation between medical signals. It also reduces the power consumption of nodes by minimizing contention access, reducing the probability of the collision and using an efficient synchronization algorithm. In addition, the proposed MAC protocol increases the data rate of the nodes by allocating the resources according to the condition of the network. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed MAC protocol outperforms IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol in terms of power consumption level as well as the average response delay. Also, the comparison results of the proposed MAC with IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocol show a tradeoff between average response delay and medical data rate.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2015

In this paper, we designed a emergency medical image communication system EMICS added concept of emergency medical image to the existing emergency medical information system based on DICOM. Also we suggested a emergency medical image object EMISPS of EMICS. Using EMICS, the emergency medical technician can work together with emergency doctor. Therefore the patient can take more stable care than existing emergency medical information system. Using EMISPS, the emergency medical technician can get exact situation information of the patient.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1223-1236
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• 2014

With the extension of wireless technology, vehicular ad hoc networks provide important services for the dissemination of general data and emergency warnings. However, since, the vehicle topology frequently changes from a dense to a sparse network depending on the speed of the moving vehicles and the time of day, vehicular ad hoc networks require a protocol that can facilitate the efficient and reliable dissemination of emergency messages in a highly mobile environment under dense or intermittent vehicular connectivity. Therefore, this paper proposes a new vehicular broadcast protocol, called BL-CAST, that can operate effectively in both dense and sparse network scenarios. As a low overhead multi-hop broadcast protocol, BL-CAST does not rely on the periodic exchange of beacons for updating location information. Instead, the location information of a vehicle is included in a broadcast message to identify the last rebroadcasting vehicle in an intermittently connected network. Simulation results show that BL-CAST outperforms the DV-CAST protocol in terms of the end-to-end delay, message delivery ratio and network overhead.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.8357-8362
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• 2015

승강기 탑승자의 안전을 위해 비상통화장치가 설치 및 운영되고 있으나 비상 상황 발생 시 운영자와 유선(음성통화) 연결이 안되거나 지연되는 경우가 발생하고 있다. 승강기에 설치된 비상 통화 장치의 체계적인 관리와 안정성 향상을 위해 사물 인터넷(IoT) 기술의 적용이 요구된다. 이러한 요구를 충족시키기 위해 RMS (Remote Management System)의 적용이 필요하다. 비상 통화 장치는 PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) 환경에서 RMS에 주기적으로 비상 통화 장치의 동작 상태 정보와 비상 호출 이력 정보를 보고하고, 비상 상황 발생 시 호출 요청 정보를 전송한다. RAS(Remote Access Server)는 PSTN의 신호를 TCP/IP로 변환하는 역할을 수행한다. RMS는 관리자들에게 중요한 비상 발생 호출과 비정상 동작 상태를 보고 한다. 본 연구에서는 RMS에서 필요로 하는 PSTN 환경에 최적화된 프로토콜(Protocol)을 개발하고 차별화된 처리과정을 구현하였다. 그리고 RAS-RMS 프로토콜을 Application Layer에 추가하였다. 기존의 CoAP, MQTT, 또는 HTTP에 비해 단순한 구조로 이루어진 개발 프로토콜은 저사양 CPU에서의 사용을 지원하고 승강기 비상통화장치의 주요 정보를 쉽게 전달할 수 있도록 한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.45-62
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was carried out from September 2011 to September 2012 to indicate improvement and performance schemes and planning strategies by way of scenario based practical examination to inspire adaptable capacity to EMS field for Emergency Medical Technician. Methods : In order to improve the examination, a survey was conducted to EMT-Paramedics (Level 1), EMT-Basics (Level 2), and other expert groups. The researchers visited the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technician (NREMT) headquarter and the psychomotor examination site in Ohio in April, 2011. The 21 EMT professors took part in a workshop experiencing the US psychomotor examinations provided by two NREMT examination experts in October, 2011. Results : The results showed that the general plan of new National Practical Examination for EMTs should consist of integrated emergency care examination based on clinical performance and simple skill examination based on objective structured skill protocol Conclusion : The National Practice Examination consists of two sessions and the examinees select the test number randomly in each session. The future examination should include the critical criteria and this criteria should be the decisive factor for the pass or fail.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.345-355
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• 2012

심뇌혈관 질환의 초기 처치가 지연되면 예후가 불량하고, 치료 후 심각한 후유증이 남으므로. 신속하고 적절한 처치를 위해 병원 전 단계 응급의료전화상담원에 의한 적절한 환자 분류와 병원 선정이 중요하다. 여러 선진국에서는 현장에 출동시킬 구급대 자원의 결정이나 각 병원에의 환자분산을 위해 응급의료전화상 담원이 표준화된 환자분류 지침을 사용하고 있다. 하지만, 우리나라의 경우 응급의료전화상담원의 심뇌혈관 환자 중증도 분류를 위한 표준화된 지침이 개발되어 있지 않다. 저자들은 영국의 NHS direct와 캐나다의 CTAS 체계에 기반하여, 뇌졸중 증상과 흉통 환자 분류를 위한 표준화 지침을 개발하였다. 환자가 내원한 응급실에서 시행된 중증도 분류를 기준으로 표준화된 지침을 사용한 군과 사용하지 않은 군을 비교하였다. 흉통환자에서 표준화된 지침을 사용한 군의 정확도가 높았다.(70.0% VS 94.0% p<0.01). 뇌졸중 환자에서도 같은 결과를 보였다. (64.2% VS 84.6% p<0.01). 결론적으로 응급의료정보센터의 응급의료전화상담원에 의한 뇌졸중 증상과 흉통 항목의 중증도 판단에 있어, 응급의료전화상담원의 주관적인 판단보다는 표준화된 지침을 이용한 판단이 병원에서 시행한 중증도 분류와 보다 일치하였다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2010

Application of WBAN technology in medical field facilitates the prevention of diseases by collecting the vital signs remotely. It also enables to prevent the accidental emergency situation in advance plus long-tem monitoring of patients with chronic diseases such as heart diseases, hypertension, or the elderly and infirm. For emergency patients, major vital signal information collected by the 'Sensing' should have the top priority and such information should be transferred as promptly as possible without competition. In addition, when an emergency occurs to a patient, a priority mechanism is necessitated for a urgent message to get through to the final destination. However, LR-WPAN IEEE 802.15.4 technology does not consider such emergency message handling features. To deal with aforementioned issues, the IEEE 802.15.4 super frame protocol structure has been designed for stable transfer of emergency information in WBAN environment in this study, and alternation to super frame structures have been made, allowing GTS(Guaranteed Time Slot) can be used first at CFP (Contention Free Period) by reserving the resources in advance and prioritize the emergency signals. NS-2 has been utilized for the performance test and analysis.