• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.579-588
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the defibrillation efficiency according to the defibrillator type among paramedics by making a comparative analysis of the chest compression pause time and defibrillation efficiency after providing simulation education. The subjects in this study were 15 paramedics who were selected from a provincial 119 safety center. The experiment was conducted using a single-group pretest-post test design from March 2 to August 31, 2016. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 21.0, and a frequency analysis was conducted. The findings of this study were as follows: First, there was a significantly greater decrease in the chest compression pause time during CPR after providing simulation education when semi-automated defibrillators were used than when manual paddles and manual pads were employed. Second, there was a statistically significant decrease in the performance time of defibrillation when semi-automated defibrillators were used than when manual paddles and manual pads were used. The findings of this study are expected to provide paramedics with simulation education on how to promptly read ECGs using the manual mode of a semi-automated defibrillator to help more patients revive and on how to facilitate their job enlargement.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.579-588
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• 2016

Changes in precipitation due to climate change is made to induce the local and intensive rainfall, it is increasing damage caused by inland inundation. Therefore, it requires a technique for predicting damage caused by flooding. In this study, in order to determine whether this flood inundated by any route when the levee was destroyed, Which can simulate the path of the flood inundation model was developed for the SIMOD (Simplified Inundation MODel). Multi Direction Method (MDM) for differential distributing the adjacent cells by using the slope and Flat-Water Assumption (FWA)-If more than one level higher in the cell adjacent to the cell level is the lowest altitude that increases the water level is equal to the adjacent cells- were applied For the evaluation of the model by setting the flooding scenarios were estimated hourly range from the target area. SIMOD model can significantly reduce simulation time because they use a simple input data of topography (DEM) and inflow flood. Since it is possible to predict results within minutes, if you can only identify inflow flood through the runoff model or levee collapse model. Therefore, it could be used to establish an evacuation plan due to flooding, such as EAP (Emergency Action Plan).

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2022

Purpose: This study analyzes accessibility of outdoor evacuation places for earthquake and the accessibility improvement effects when expanding the evacuation places in accessibility-deficient areas. In order to consider real-world evacuees, the accessibility analysis is based on service population not on resident population. Method: Location-allocation model as a GIS-based spatial optimization mode is used to analyze accessibility and vulnerable areas to evacuation places. Of location-allocation problem types, 'Maximize Coverage' method is chosen to allocate as many potential evacuees as possible to evacuation places. And impedence cutoffs or evacuation distances (times) are applied to three classes: 500m (7.5 minutes), 1,000m (15 minutes), and 1,500m (22.5 minutes). Case study area is Jung-gu areas, Seoul as a high-density downtown area. Result: Results show that accessibility-deficient areas and population to evacuation places are much more in service population than in resident population. Accessibility is significantly improved when increases when expanding the evacuation places in accessibility-deficient areas. Yet, accessibility-deficient areas are still remained since available lands are insufficient in the high-density downtown area. Conclusion: The study suggests that temporary evacuation facilities like outdoor evacuation places for earthquake need to consider real potential evacuees based not only on resident population but also on service population. Also, policy measures to provide emergency shelters need to more utilize spatial optimization tools like location-allocation model.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.58 no.11
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• pp.1313-1316
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• 2017

Purpose: To report fundus photography using a smartphone in an infant with abusive head trauma. Case summary: An 8-month-old male infant presented to the emergency room with decreased consciousness and epileptic seizures that the parents attributed to a fall from a chair. He had no external wounds or fractures to the skull or elsewhere. However, computerized tomography of the brain revealed an acute subdural hematoma in the right cranial convexity and diffuse cerebral edema, leading to a midline shift to the left and effacement of the right lateral ventricle and basal cistern. The attending neurosurgeon promptly administered a decompressive craniectomy. Immediately after the emergency surgery, a fundus examination revealed numerous multi-layered retinal hemorrhages in the posterior pole extending to the periphery in each eye. He also had white retinal ridges with cherry hemorrhages in both eyes. We acquired retinal photographs using the native camera of a smartphone in video mode. The photographer held the smartphone with one hand, facing the patient's eye at 15-20 cm, and held a 20 diopter condensing lens at 5 cm from the eye in the other hand. Our documentation using a smartphone led to a diagnosis of abusive head trauma and to obtain the criminal's confession, because the findings were specific for repetitive acceleration-deceleration forces to an infant's eye with a strong vitreoretinal attachment. Conclusions: This ophthalmic finding had a key role in the diagnosis of abusive head trauma. This case presented the diagnostic use of a smartphone for fundus photography in this important medicolegal case.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.45-54
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• 2007

Time/frequency analysis has been extensively used in biomedical signal processing. By extracting some essential features from the electro-physiological signals, these methods are able to determine the clinical pathology mechanisms of some diseases. However, this method assumes that the signal should be stationary, which limits its application in non-stationary system. In this paper, we develop a new signal processing method using Hilbert-Huang Transform to perform analysis of the nonlinear and non-stationary ventricular fibrillation(VF). Hilbert-Huang Transform combines two major analytical theories: Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) and the Hilbert Transform. Hilbert-Huang Transform can be used to decompose natural data into independent Intrinsic Mode Functions using the theories of EMD. Furthermore, Hilbert-Huang Transform employs Hilbert Transform to determine instantaneous frequency and amplitude, and therefore can be used to accurately describe the local behavior of signals. This paper studied for Return Of Spontaneous Circulation(ROSC) and non-ROSC prediction performance by Support Vector Machine and three parameters(EMD-IF, EMD-FFT) extracted from ventricular fibrillation ECG waveform using Hilbert-Huang transform. On the average results of sensitivity and specificity were 87.35% and 76.88% respectively. Hilbert-Huang Transform shows that it enables us to predict the ROSC of VF more precisely.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.136-141
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• 2009

The platform screen door(PSD) is installed in the station of the Seoul Metro 9th line for passengers' safety and comfortable environment of the station. The track way exhaust system(TES) is also operated with PSD to exhaust heat released from train. TES can also be used for the purpose of the heat and smoke control in an emergency case of the carriage fire. When the fire is occurred, operation of TES is switched to the smoke exhaust mode form its normal ventilation mode. In the present study, a subway station of Seoul Metro 9th line is modeled, and a 3-D CFD simulation is performed to investigate effectiveness of designed TES in case of fire. A scenario that a train under fire is arriving the station is simulated for several possible operation modes of the TES using moving mesh technique. As a result, temperature and CO concentration distribution in the station is obtained for each operation modes of TES. The effectiveness of TES operation in case of fire is also discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.241-246
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• 2006

The paper presents the preparations work and experiences gained from realtime GPS car monitoring during the European Rally Championships organized on 10-12 June 2005 in Poland. The developed system is based on GPS and GSM/GPRS technology. Distribution and teletransmission of data are possible using different GSM operators in Poland, which makes the system fully independent. The system's server collects data from rally cars, processing and send data through VPN connections to the SQL server located in main control room. Data can be collected in real time via Internet or GPRS. Some information on GSM/GPRS range during rally championships are also presented in the paper. The study covered many trials and tests of different software and various configurations of the GPRS modems before finally the system started to work. Information coming from 10 Rally Cars were collected to the SQL Server continuously in one second interval. In real time mode these all data were displayed simultaneously in the rally main control room and in the rally press conference room. Paper describes also adopted emergency procedures and remote reconfiguration of GPS/GPRS boxes inside rally cars made during championships. Some problems and method of practical solutions are presented to avoid active jamming dangerous for a driver and his pilot, having system of communication intercoms jammed by teletransmission of GPRS 900/1800 MHz. In cooperation with rally teams special GPS/GPRS safety boxes were designed and made. Monitoring of all 7 rally stages with GPS receivers and method of calibrations of the maps were presented. GSM signal coverage was also checked in all stages. All data transmitted from rally cars were recorded in the computer. Some of our GPS cars had accidents and dispite them information were continuously sent to server. There is possibility to show in post mission mode the position of chosen cars in our rally application. Some information of best rally cars are presented also in the paper.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

A transient 3-D numerical simulation was performed to analyze the fire safety in a railway tunnel equipped with a mechanical ventilation system. The behavior of pollutants was studied for the emergency operation mode of ventilation system in case of fire in the center of the rescue station and near the escape route. Various schemes of escape route construction for connection angle($45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, 135^{\circ}$) and slope($10^{\circ}$) were evaluated for the ventilation efficiency in the fire near the escape route. From the results, it was shown that the mode of the ventilation fan operation which pressurizes the tunnel not under the fire and ventilates the smoke from the tunnel under the fire is most effective for the smoke control in the tunnel in case of the fire occurrence. It was also shown that the blowing of jet fan from the rescue tunnel to the main tunnel should be in the same direction as the flow direction in the main tunnel arising from the traffic and the buoyancy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.476-493
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• 2021

This study is on the simulation conditions of the tentative 'mobilization simulation mode'(MOBSM) and the setting option of major simulation elements. The MOBSM is a training module that practices mobilization of various institutions through a simulation computer similar to actual situations. So far, mobilization exercise(Mob-Ex) is a message simulation method, so it is necessary to convert into a MOBSM because many problems such as fragmentary and practice only by some institutions are raised. Therefore, the theoretical background and previous studies on Mob-Ex and simulation were reviewed to derive the requirements and simulated elements of the MOBSM to meet the purpose of government level exercise and to suggest the critical concepts and the direction of application. The basic requirement is to simulate the main mobilization practices by institution and provide information on the mobilization execution in a nationwide scope. The simulation elements are simulated events and flow charts by mobilization type, simulated range and level by object, simulated contents of material mobilization by institution, key simulated items, DB application, and simulated period, etc. This study will be useful for policy establishment and follow-up research for technology development of MOBSM in the future, and will accelerate the transition to practical mobilization exercise by MOBSM.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2016

Given the unpredictability of the space environment, satellite communications are manually performed by exchanging telecommands and telemetry. Ground support for orbiting satellites is given only during limited periods of ground antenna visibility, which can result in conflicts when multiple satellites are present. This problem can be regarded as a scheduling problem of allocating antenna support (task) to limited visibility (resource). To mitigate unforeseen errors and costs associated with manual scheduling and mission planning, we propose a novel method based on a genetic algorithm to solve the ground support problem of multiple satellites and antennae with visibility conflicts. Numerous scheduling parameters, including user priority, emergency, profit, contact interval, support time, remaining resource, are considered to provide maximum benefit to users and real applications. The modeling and formulae are developed in accordance with the characteristics of satellite communication. To validate the proposed algorithm, 20 satellites and 3 ground antennae in the Korean peninsula are assumed and modeled using the satellite tool kit (STK). The proposed algorithm is applied to two operation modes: (i) telemetry, tracking, and command and (ii) payload. The results of the present study show near-optimal scheduling in both operation modes and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm to actual mission control systems.