• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.135-138
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• 2005

This paper focuses on emergency source and control of substation against the consequence of power system breakdown or outage. the aim of the paper is to provide ideas and guidance concerning methods of using AC/DC combined emergency source for power system control to restore power system after unforseen events, such as outages caused by natural disaster. so the emergency source and lamp is very important for restoration control of substation after outage. therefore, this paper proposes countermeasure and method for security of substation emergency source and lamp which is restored at breakdown.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1817-1823
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• 2007

In this study, we have studied rail infrastructure related to emergency action to manage the risk when emergency caused by faults of facility or rail vehicle during operation happens. Especially we have compared the effect of emergency action with examining the structure of vehicle, tunnel, bridge and access road, etc which are related to emergency action. Also, we have tried to analyze effects of radio and communication equipment, lifesaving and refuge which could be used for rolling stock, station, control room, tunnel, bridge and etc, and we have presented the way of reporting the emergency to the train driver or crew, control room, outside networks which could be used by passengers in vehicle, station, railroad line. Based on these, we have analyzed the conduct of emergency action in length of time when emergency happens in railway and high-speed railway, and studied the method of which passengers could be guided safely and escape from the scene of the accident.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aims to investigate awareness and performance of infection control during ambulance attendant training, and to provide basic data for infection control. Methods: The subjects were 235 paramedic students who completed ambulance attendant training. There were 51 questions. The infection control dimension was divided into hand washing, personal protective equipment use, and environmental management, for each sub-dimension, awareness and performance were measured by a 4-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistics ver. 22.0. Results: A total of 95.3%, of the subjects completed an orientation for ambulance attendant training and 71.7% received education on infection. In all three sub-dimensions, hand- washing (p<.001), personal protective equipment use (p<.001), and environmental management (p<.001), awareness scored higher than performance. The awareness of infection control showed a significantly positive correlation (r=.394) with performance. Conclusion: In order to improve performance of infection control, education to improve awareness should be provided, and paramedics with higher performance levels in hand washing, and use of gloves and masks wearing should be assigned as training advisors.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 긴급상황 시 긴급차량의 무정차 통과를 위해 융합형 우선신호 제어 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 융합형 우선신호는 센터제어와 현장제어를 결합한 방법이다. 센터제어는 긴급상황이 접수되면 긴급차량 경로의 각 교차로에 대하여 우선신호를 적용한다. 긴급차량 출발이전에 신호시간을 제어하기 때문에 대기차량을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있다. 하지만, 실시간 긴급차량의 소통정보(속도, 위치)를 사용하지 않기 때문에, 센터제어 시 예측한 긴급차량의 교차로 도착시각과 실제 도착시각이 차이를 보일 수 있으며, 이런 경우 신호로 인한 지체를 경험할 수 있다. 현장제어는 실시간 긴급차량의 정보를 활용하여 우선신호를 제어하지만, 대기차량 소거시간을 반영할 수 없는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 센터제어와 현장제어의 단점을 보완하고, 장점을 극대화하기 위하여 융합형(센터+현장) 제어 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 융합형 제어 알고리즘은 긴급상황 시 긴급차량의 지체를 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the use of infection management and the frequency of emergency equipment sterilization by emergency rescue crews to provide basic guidelines and suggestions for infection control. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 160 emergency medical technician rescue crews in J area from May 7 to May 22 in 2015. The questionnaire consisted of 95 items, including the general characteristics of the subjects (8 items), the use of emergency equipment (33 items), the frequency of facility sterilization (33 items), infection control (12 items), vaccination (4 items), and the use of personal protective equipment (5 items). Results: In all, 97.3% of respondents were aware of the "Guidelines of Infection management for Rescue Operators' and 90.9% received training on infection control. A total of 72.7% and 47.3% of rescue centers were equipped with disinfection facilities and laundry rooms, respectively. The average frequency of sterilization was $3.17{\pm}0.75$, which significantly differed for teams with more clinical experience (p=.050) and teams with three members (p=.030). The average score for individual protective equipment supplies was $1.95{\pm}0.66$. Conclusion: For proper infection management of emergency equipment, our results suggest that the number of crew members should be increased for each ambulance, protective equipment and rescue products should be supplied, and the number of facilities for sterilization and laundry at rescue centers should be doubled.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1999

The purposes of this study which was conducted by studying the literature on Emergency Medical Dispatch System are to provide some developmental policies of quality management, pre-arrival instructions, priority dispatch protocols, training program for the dispatchers(Emergency Medical Dispatchers or EMDs) in Korea and to promote understanding emergency medical dispatching. The conclusions from this summarized as follows; (1) It is confirmed that there has been little study on the Emergency Medical Dispatch System in Korea, because for the first time, the real Emergency Medical Services were introduced into Korea in 1994, and the importance of the Emergency Medical Dispatch System has not been realized. (2) Only some squads are using a set of dispatch protocols, others aren't. (3) In spite of trying to introduce a new set of dispatch protocols, it isn't the priority dispatch system using a complete set of dispatch protocols which has key questions, pre-arrival instructions, mode & configuration based on patient assessment. (4) The EMS is unable to promote the service capacity by using quality management, because there is no medical control on the emergency medical dispatching and the EMDs. (5) There are no medical directors in the communications center who are in charge of the medical control to detect problems derived from the EMS and to solve them. (6) There are no systematic training program for the EMDs who are taking charge of dispatching. (7) Having a deep relation to the elements of the EMS, the emergency medical dispatching is subject to restriction of those elements.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to examine spatial characteristics of emergency department Chronologically through case studies; and to consider the social implication of these spatial changes. Methods: In this study, a total of eight emergency departments, one for each period, were selected in order to analyze the spatial characteristics. The spatial maps of Space Syntax were employed for analyzing case studies. Results: The spatial configuration of emergency department has been changed from five or more emergency department specialties to four or less specialties such as psychiatric, pediatrics, emergency, and trauma. In the case of care initiation area, the concentrated arrangement mode was switched from the distributed arrangement mode. The spatial maps indicate that it can be seen that the tree structure changes to an annular structure emphasizing the connection between the spaces in the emergency department. This shows that the space efficiency, safe, visual control and flexibility in the planning of the emergency department are important factors affecting the spatial structure of the emergency department. Implications: In the future, it is expected that Korean emergency department will be more focused on efficiency, safe, visual control, and flexibility in the planning as in the case studies of the United States.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving emergency call scheme, called PEC, enabling patients in life-threatening emergencies to fast and accurately transmit emergency data to the nearby helpers via mobile healthcare social networks (MHSNs). Once an emergency happens, the personal digital assistant (PDA) of the patient runs the PEC to collect the emergency data including emergency location, patient health record, as well as patient physiological condition. The PEC then generates an emergency call with the emergency data inside and epidemically disseminates it to every user in the patient's neighborhood. If a physician happens to be nearby, the PEC ensures the time used to notify the physician of the emergency is the shortest. We show via theoretical analysis that the PEC is able to provide fine-grained access control on the emergency data, where the access policy is set by patients themselves. Moreover, the PEC can withstandmultiple types of attacks, such as identity theft attack, forgery attack, and collusion attack. We also devise an effective revocation mechanism to make the revocable PEC (rPEC) resistant to inside attacks. In addition, we demonstrate via simulation that the PEC can significantly reduce the response time of emergency care in MHSNs.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

Purpose: After Mers breakout in 2015, major hospital in Korea have been renovated the emergency department to make a separate infection control zone for high-risk patient with potential infection and to improve a triage area and an entrance area for efficient patient evaluation. However, there are no specific design standards to reinforce infection control for patients and staffs safety. Therefore, it is important to establish of initial design factors in the triage and entrance area as a guideline. Methods: 5 cases which had been recently renovated are selected to analyze patient circulation and spatial composition in a triage area and an entrance area. The partial floor plans of each case are represented as bubble diagrams to help understanding of different patient circulation flows. Based on this analysis, significant design factors which should be considered in planning stage for infection control have been extracted. Results: 13 design factors are established. Using these design factors, patient circulation diagram is generated to provide an optimized suggestion for efficient infection control. Implications: This suggestion provides basic databases to start to establish design guideline in the triage area and the entrance area to minimize infection spreading in the emergency department.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2013

An emergency monitoring system for the elderly, which uses acceleration data measured with an accelerometer, angular velocity data measured with a gyroscope, and heart rate measured with an electrocardiogram, is proposed. The proposed fall detection algorithm uses multiple parameter combinations in which all parameters, calculated using tri-axial accelerations and bi-axial angular velocities, are above a certain threshold within a time period. Further, we propose an emergency detection algorithm that monitors the movements of the fallen elderly person, after a fall is detected. The results show that the proposed algorithms can distinguish various types of falls from activities of daily living with 100% sensitivity and 98.75% specificity. In addition, when falls are detected, the emergency detection rate is 100%. This suggests that the presented fall and emergency detection method provides an effective automatic fall detection and emergency alarm system. The proposed algorithms are simple enough to be implemented into an embedded system such as 8051-based microcontroller with 128 kbyte ROM.