• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.303-311
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of caregivers, emergency medical technicians, and emergency medical doctors by investigating the storage media for avulsed teeth at the trauma site. This study was performed by reviewing medical records of 183 patients with the age under 17 years old, who visited Ajou University Hospital for dental trauma. Based on their medical records, storage media for avulsed permanent teeth were investigated by classifying them as dry, milk, saline, saliva and tap water. The storage media chosen by caregivers at the trauma site were classified as cases by parents and school nurse teachers. Storage media chosen by emergency medical technicians and emergency medical doctors were also investigated using the same classification criteria. The results show that both parents and school nurse teachers used milk the most as a storage medium for avulsed teeth. Dry storage was the second most chosen medium by parents, and saline by nurse teacher. As a storage media emergency medical technicians used saline the most, while emergency medical doctors used only saline when they failed to replant avulsed teeth. There is a need to improve the knowledge of caregivers, emergency medical technicians, and emergency medical doctors regarding the storage media for avulsed teeth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

This research proposed a design direction for the ambulance interior storage space based on the placement and access to the equipment to facilitate an emergency medical practice taking into account the safety and efficiency by the emergency medical technician ergonomic factors. Therefore, through a field survey for the current derivation of the storage space problem 'placement', 'enable', 'management' like these three items resulting clarity, accessibility, simplicity and functionality of the four functional elements by targeting ambulances in operation in this country. First, there is a need to improve standardized of cabinet sizes fit to loaded meet emergency equipment standards. Currently, the equipment designed to use a simple storage cabinet has had problems in the usability. Second, it must be located in the continuous exposure in progress to the user's traffic line. Third, the problem was the insufficient function of the cabinet to ensure the safety of patients by paramedics from the emergency rescue equipment and due to the leaning of the ambulance driving. Besides, it was pointed out that in addition to the proposed alternatives, including the agenda, states that safety belt replacement equipment, emergency personnel and patients with the handle of a guardian for the efficient use storage space within the 119 ambulance. However, in the present study suggest that there is a state proceeds mainly limited usability in the field, having been installed.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest a structure plan for improving the utilization of inactive storage in the dam for overcoming the drought. Inactive storage in the dam is composed of the emergency storage and dead storage. The emergency storage can be used for the case of emergency such as drought. But, in general, the dead storage for sedimentation is not used even for the emergency. Therefore, this study considers the part of dead storage that the sedimentation is not progressed yet can be used during the severe drought period and is called "drought storage in a dam". The accurate Sediment Level(SL) analysis for the computation of the drought storage should be performed and so the present and future SL in the dam reservoir is estimated using SED-2D linked with RMA-2 model of SMS. After the consideration of additionally available storage capacity based on the estimated SL, the drought storage is finally determined. Present data based on historical data, future predicted future climate factors by Representative Concentrarion Pathways(RCP) 8.5 scenario. Then, using the TANK model, dam inflows were determined, and future period such as SL and drought storage were suggested. As the results, we have found that the available drought storage will be reduced in the future when we compare the present drought storage with the future one. This is due to a increase variability of climate change. Therefore, we should take the necessary study for the increase of available drought storage in the future.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.224-232
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• 2018

According to government policy, renewable energy facility such as solar power generation is being implemented for newly constructed buildings. In recent years, the introduction of Energy Storage System (ESS) served as an emergency power for replacing an existing diesel generator has been increasing. Furthermore, in order to expand the efficacy of the ESS operation, operation in combination with renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power generation is increasing. Hence, development of the ESS operation algorithms for emergency mode as well as the peak power cut mode, which is the essential feature of ESS, are necessary. The operational scenarios of ESS need to consider load power requirement and the amount of the power generation by renewable energy sources. For the verification of the developed scenarios, tests under the actual situation are demanded, but there is a difficulty in simulating the emergency operation situation such as system failure in the actual site. Therefore, this paper proposes simulation models for the HILS(Hardware In the Loop Simulation) and operation modes developed through HILS for the ESS operated with renewable energy source under peak power reduction and emergency modes. The paper shows that the ESS operation scenarios developed through HILS work properly at the actual site, and it verifies the effectiveness of the control logic developed by the HILS.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.191-196
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• 2019

In the case of urban railway facilities, the power supply should be maintained for the safe movement of passengers in communication facilities, disaster prevention facilities and boarding area security because of the confusion when power supply is cut off due to the nature of public transportation. In addition, considering that the number of trains is running on the urban railway line, it is necessary to operate at least 30 minutes for the bus stop and at least 1 hour for the communication and disaster prevention facilities. Therefore, it is essential to supply emergency power source to maintain stable operation of induction lamp and smoke exhaust system because main power is cut off in order to prevent further spread due to fire in case of the history of urban railway section or vehicle fires. Recently, UPS(Uninterruptible Power Supply) function to prevent power outage in emergency, emergency power generation combined with ESS function which saves electricity at nighttime price time, A hybrid power storage system with a UPS function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

In October 2018, a large fire occurred after an explosion in an internal floating roof tank (IFRT) that stores gasoline by wind lantern in Goyang city, Gyeonggi-do. Although there was no casualty damage, the fire inside the tank lasted for 17 hours, and caused a great wave socially, and it was a chance to review the safety of the atmospheric storage tank. In this study, the necessity of installing a flame arrester at peripheral vents was examined through the calculation of the size of ventilation pipe and ventilation rate of internal floating roof tanks in terms of the function of the peripheral vent. Next, the necessity of the emergency shut-off valve linked with the high-level alarm to prevent the overflow of the atmospheric storage tank was confirmed by LOPA. Finally, safety measures to prevent overpressure, flame propagation and overflow which cause major accidents in atmospheric storage tank are suggested.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.302-311
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• 2016

This paper proposes a hybrid ESS that integrates an energy storage system (ESS) with an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The hybrid ESS has a demand management and emergency power supply function while increasing the battery utilization of the UPS, which has just been used in a power failure. In addition to the critical load, the proposed system augments the capacity of emergency generation using an additional load, which has voltage and frequency-dependent characteristics to the grid side. The control algorithm of the AC-DC converter and bidirectional DC-DC converter is proposed for demand management and emergency power supply. Furthermore, seamless and autonomous transfer methods to alleviate the transient during mode transfer are proposed. To validate the proposed control scheme, experimental results from a 5 kW prototype are provided.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1829-1834
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• 2010

In order to prepare for the commercialization of Korean tilting train, this study was made on the pre-analysis of risk factors that can happen during operation, and emergency measures for safe operation of tilting train. The purpose of the study of emergency measures is to help to make tilting train run safely by making counteraction procedures for unusual situations such as train breakdown or accidents during the operation of a tilting train so that the engineer can quickly take care of each situation. Based on the items of emergency measures for EMU operated by Korean Railroad(or Korail), possible breakdown items during operation were selected and prioritized considering the occurring frequency and emergency level of each breakdown. In addition to these items, by adding items to represent tilting train's typicalfunctions such as tilting function error, tilting storage battery's electric pressure drop, etc, a total of62 emergency items were finally selected and measures for each item was made.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.72-75
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• 2002

Objectives : To evaluate the health hazards in the underground storage facilities of ginger roots. Methods : The authors reviewed the emergency rescue records from the Seosan fire department over the period Jan 1, 1996 to Aug 31, 1999. The atmospheres in 3 different underground storage locations were analyzed for $O_2,\;CO_2,\;CO,\;H_2S\;and\;NH_4$. Results : From the emergency records, we were able to identify 20 individuals that had been exposed to occupational hazards in the underground storage facilities. Among these 20 cases, 13 were due to asphyxiation (resulting in f deaths) and 7 were due to falls. In the first atmospheric tests, peformed on Feb 25, 1998, the O2 level inside the underground storage facility, located about $5{\sim}6$ meters below the surface, was 20.6% and the $CO_2$ level was about 1,000 ppm. CO, $H_2S\;and\;NH_4$ were not detected. In the second tests on Jul 6, 1999, measurements of the $O_2$ level at 3 meters below the surface in two different storage locations were 15.3 and 15.1%. And the $O_2$ levels inside the storage facilities were 12.2 and 12.1%. The $CO_2$ level was above 5,000 ppm (beyond upper limits of measurement). CO, $H_2S\;and\;NH_4$ were not detected. Conclusions : We conclude that asphyxiation in the underground storage facilities for ginger roots was not due to the presence of toxic gases such as CO, $H_2S\;and\;NH_4$, but rather the exclusion of oxygen by carbon dioxide was responsible for causing casualties. For the development of a hazard free working environment, safety education as well as improvements in storage methods are needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2023

As the frequency of drought increases due to climate change, water scarcity in agriculture would be a main issue. However, it seems difficult to solve the water scarcity by securing alternative water sources. The aim of this study is to analyze optimal water supply capacity of agricultural reservoir for emergency operation connecting reservoirs and dams. First, we simulated the water storage of agricultural reservoir playing the role emergency water supplier to other water facility such as dams and other reservoirs. In particular, the results of simulation of water storage through K-HAS model was calibrated using the optimization process based on ratio correction factors of outflow and inflow. Finally, the optimal amount of water supply securing water supply reliability in emergency interconnection operation was analyzed. The results of this study showed that Janchi reservoir could supply 12.8 thousand m³/day maintaining 90 % water supply reliability. The result of this study could suggest the standard for connecting water facilities as emergency water supply.