• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.69-77
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide the school planning factors as emergency shelter after disaster. The school functions as the evacuation space areas could be classified into the evacuation center, education maintenance, and dwelling. Among these functions, the scopes of our study are limited to the functions of evacuation center and education maintenance. To carry out this purpose, we were comparative analyzed the shelter space problems of Korea and Japan's survey in the existing literatures. In results of our study, the evacuation center's functions are difficult to depending on the disaster types, such as the earthquake, tornado, and hurricane. On the other hand, the education maintenance functions are difficult to deepening on the victims occupied times in the school as emergency shelters. Based on these findings, the Korea school planning as the emergency shelters are desired to reflect that the evacuation's functions based on the disaster type of the damage from storms, and the education maintenance's functions based on the victim's occupied times in school for their safety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4572-4579
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• 2013

South Korea people and government pour growing interest on emergency evacuation shelters due to recent threatening of North Korea provocation. However, survey says the border area suffers lack of 278 shelters compared to population, needless to say the lack of class-2 shelter in case of provocation. Firstly, this study visualized the evacuation buffer area and summarized acceptable population for all class (1~4) shelters in Cheoan neighbor(dong). Specifically, for the class-2 shelter coverage in old downtown neighbor (Sungjung-dong, Jungang-dong, Munsung-dong), this study calculated evacuation excluded population and deficient shelter area through GIS buffer analysis. As a result, the old downtown needs $25,546m^2$ shelter area more that can accommodate 56%(30,657man) of the population.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.582-596
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to explore the ways to improve the security of temporary shelters in case of nuclear power plant accidents. Method: In this study, we mainly rely on the case studies on previous nuclear power plant accidents-Chernobyl, Fukushima, and Three Mile Island (TMI) cases. Result: The current radiation emergency response plans for nuclear power plant accidents center around the evacuation procedure. As a result, the concept of "shelter in place" has been understood as a means of assisting resident evacuation. However, based on the case studies, we find that encouraging shelter in place, rather than simply emphasizing evacuation, would help minimize unnecessary casualties, especially in case of the accidents rated greater than or equal to INES 5. To facilitate better shelter in place, we recommend utilize apartments as temporary shelters and suggest some possible improvements to ensure those apartments could be equipped with technologies for high radiation protection. Conclusion: To ensure better shelter in place, we recommend using apartments as temporary shelters, and we seek to supplement the function of apartments by using shielding, positive pressure, and sealing technologies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2018

Evacuation facilities are installed so that people can evacuate high-rise apartment houses when it is impossible to escape fire through the front door. The households of apartment houses may escape the building in two ways, which will reduce loss of lives. This study examined the characteristics of two-way evacuation facilities, including a light-weight partition wall, shelter space at the balcony and horizontally-installed indoor emergency exit. Then, it proposed a horizontally-installed outdoor emergency exit that improved the problems of the examined facility types, and analyzed its economic-feasibility. When a horizontally-installed emergency exit instead of a traditional type to escape from fire is used, people may be more autonomous in deciding whether active evacuation is possible or not. Thus, the time required to evacuate the building with 4 different evacuation methods using the stairs and horizontally-installed emergency exit was simulated in consideration of the impact of evacuation methods that people choose on the time required for evacuation using pathfinder. Then, the simulation results were compared and analyzed. Any appropriate evacuation method to reduce the time required for evacuation was predicted, analyzed and decided. As a result of this study, it was analyzed that the high - rise apartment top - down type evacuation zone can shorten the total evacuation time compared to the staircase type.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.369-378
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• 2018

Full-scale seismic retrofit of old and deteriorated masonry buildings requires a lot of cost and time. In such buildings, installing an emergency evacuation space can be considered as an alternative. In this study, requirements of the earthquake-proof table used as an emergency evacuation space for buildings hit by earthquake are investigated. Load conditions required for the table, including the impact effects due to building debris drop, are explained. To investigate the impact effects in more detail, weight drop test is performed for an prototype earthquake-proof table. In the test, the weight of the falling object and free fall height were considered as the main test parameters. The results showed that the duration of impact is very short (0.0226~0.0779sec), and thus the impact forces increase to 15.8~45.2 times the weight of the falling object. Based on these results, design considerations and performance verification criteria of the earthquake-proof table as an emergency evacuation space are given.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.573-580
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• 2018

Various studies have been conducted to analyze the location appropriateness and capacity of shelters. However, research on how to select new shelters is relatively insufficient. Since the shelter is designated in case of emergency, it is also necessary to efficiently select the location of the shelter. Therefore, this study presented a method for selecting the location of the shelter using network analysis that has been used to analyze the location appropriateness of shelters and genetic algorithm which is a representative heuristic algorithm. First, the network analysis using the existing civil defense evacuation facility data was performed and the result showed that the vulnerability of evacuation has a high deviation by region in the study area. In order to minimize the evacuation vulnerable area, the genetic algorithm was designed then the location of new shelters was determined. The initial solution consisting of candidate locations of new shelters was randomly generated and the optimal solution was found through the process of selection, crossover, and mutation. As a result of the experiment, the area with a high percentage of the evacuation vulnerable areas was prioritized and the effectiveness of the proposed method could be confirmed. The results of this study is expected to contribute to the positioning of new shelters and the establishment of an efficient evacuation plan in the future.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2022

Purpose: This study analyzes accessibility of outdoor evacuation places for earthquake and the accessibility improvement effects when expanding the evacuation places in accessibility-deficient areas. In order to consider real-world evacuees, the accessibility analysis is based on service population not on resident population. Method: Location-allocation model as a GIS-based spatial optimization mode is used to analyze accessibility and vulnerable areas to evacuation places. Of location-allocation problem types, 'Maximize Coverage' method is chosen to allocate as many potential evacuees as possible to evacuation places. And impedence cutoffs or evacuation distances (times) are applied to three classes: 500m (7.5 minutes), 1,000m (15 minutes), and 1,500m (22.5 minutes). Case study area is Jung-gu areas, Seoul as a high-density downtown area. Result: Results show that accessibility-deficient areas and population to evacuation places are much more in service population than in resident population. Accessibility is significantly improved when increases when expanding the evacuation places in accessibility-deficient areas. Yet, accessibility-deficient areas are still remained since available lands are insufficient in the high-density downtown area. Conclusion: The study suggests that temporary evacuation facilities like outdoor evacuation places for earthquake need to consider real potential evacuees based not only on resident population but also on service population. Also, policy measures to provide emergency shelters need to more utilize spatial optimization tools like location-allocation model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Seoul, a mega city, contains many features of the modern city. When the disaster or emergency occurs in Seoul, the place for shelter is required for evacuation urgently. There are currently the numbers of shelters in Seoul City, which can hold the twice more capacity of population of Seoul. However, the population distribution fluctuation in the day and the night needs to be considered. Therefore, in order to analyze the actual capacity of shelter, it is necessary to consider the dynamic characteristics of population distribution in the metropolitan area. In the study, the substantial accessibility and the capacity of shelters in Seoul were analyzed by the floating population data of the metropolitan area. The accessibility of shelter was investigated through a network analysis that includes the pedestrian road data, while the capacity of shelter was analyzed by the local differences of daytime population distributions. Finally it was possible to identify the vulnerable areas on the basis of the distribution of shelter in the region.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.101-108
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• 2014

Recently, natural disasters such as earthquake, tsunami, typhoon and tornado are increasing, and cause huge economical loses and victim. Thus, when the disaster occurs, it is important to prepare emergency evacuation shelters for fast and easy construction compared to general building system. And, deployable structures will provide a great help for such aim. Deployable structures have the great advantage of being faster and easier to erect and dismantle compared to conventional building forms. In this study, we confirm the possibility of deployment for shelter structures using scissor structure system. First, Basic model was performed to recognize the appllicability of the deployable systems of the dome-shaped structure. Second, Advanced model that more improved inner space and deployment mechanism was confirmed.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.387-398
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to promote the disaster safety village establishment project that fits the characteristics of rural areas by investigating and analyzing the operation cases of contents with regard to disaster safety villages in Korea and Japan. Method: The contents of project related to disaster safety villages in Korea and Japan were classified into resident participation contents, structured contents and unstructured contents, for examining the characteristics of such contents through investigation and analysis, and the contents (draft) of disaster safety village that fitted the characteristics of rural areas were presented. Result: The contents of resident participation include basic safety education, CPR education, life experience training of evacuation shelter, evacuation training, concurrent training of farming activity and disaster activity and creating a village safety map in connection with competent authorities. The enactment of an act and an ordinance for the establishment of disaster safety village, expert dispatch system, storm and flood insurance system and funding system to raise the fund for establishing a village were presented as unstructured contents. In addition, the production of self supporting evacuation shelter, wireless evacuation announcement system, disaster prevention system for a river, emergency evacuation sign, village safety map sign and the establishment of disaster prevention park were presented as structured contents. Conclusion: The unstructured contents are the establishment of foundation for preparing laws and institutions and the structured contents should be installed by utilizing eco-friendly methods in consideration of the environments of rural areas along with securing the safety. Moreover, resident participation should utilize the contents by considering various items such as age, characteristics and environments of residents in rural villages.