• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.111-118
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• 2019

Accidents occurring due to natural disasters in chemical process facilities where technologies are concentrated can cause secondary damage. The concept of the relationship between natural disasters and highly intensive technologies has evolved into the Natech (Natural Hazards Triggered Technological Disaster) research. Currently, the number of earthquakes is increasing all over the Korean peninsula. To assess the risk of Natech when an earthquake has occurred in South Korea, the Rapid Natech Risk Assessment Tool (RAPID-N) developed by the European Commission's Joint Research Center (EC JRC) was used in the present study. The RAPID-N can be used for Natech risk assessment based on mapping and can be utilized for sufficient preparation for reduction of the effects of Natech accidents. A total of 261 chemical facilities actually existing in Pohang were initially analyzed to select eight facilities and the Pohang earthquake that occurred in 2017 was implemented in the RAPID-N utilizing the shake map. High risk areas were selected through Natech risk assessments for the selected eight work places and countermeasures for the areas were suggested. High risk areas exist depending on the location, since the damage influence ranges could be overlapped and each chemical facility has an independent probability of Natech. Therefore, studies on Natech emergency plans and emergency evacuation routes should be actively conducted considering such high risk areas. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of Natech risk assessment in South Korea through the RAPID-N. These findings can be used as a reference material to lay a foundation for Natech risk assessment and related policies in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2024

In the event of an emergency such as facility shutdown during process operation, the by-product gas must be urgently discharged to the vent stack to prevent leakage, fire, and explosion. At this time, the explosion drop value of the released by-product gas is calculated using ISO 10156 formula, which is 27.7 vol%. Therefore, it does not correspond to flammable gas because it is less than 13% of the explosion drop value, which is the standard for flammable gas defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and since the explosion drop value is high, it can be seen that the risk of fire explosion is low even if it is discharged urgently with the vent stock. As a result of calculating the range of explosion hazard sites for hydrogen gas discharged to the Bent Stack according to KS C IEC 60079-10-1, 23 meters were calculated. Since hydrogen is lighter than air, electromechanical devices should not be installed within 23 meters of the upper portion of the Bent Stack, and if it is not possible, an explosion-proof electromechanical device suitable for type 1 of dangerous place should be installed. In addition, the height of the stack should be at least 5 meters so that the diffusion of by-product gas is facilitated in case of emergency discharge, and it should be installed so that there are no obstacles around it.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.103-128
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• 2002

As a result of trying the various manufacturing methods considering the reality of manpower and equipments with this manual, the following standardized procedures and contents can be suggested. (1) Since tools presenting Rock-Drill data must formalize the order of explanation although explainers are different, it will be valid that it is configured by existing power point method rather than by web document type. Composition of contents are selected on the basis of defence card and survey and then 8 items including initial screen, peripheral conditions, mobilization route, general conditions, use and structure by floor, department of vehicle consideration in activities and end screen are included. (2) Making methods and cautions of data included and used in power point are as follows ; - It was most effective that objects of fire fighting and location of neighboring fire fighting water were expressed by electronic map and drawing of inner building was made by scanning it after paining general architecture drawing(plan by each floor) rather than using drawing tools of EXCEL program or CAD drawing. And it was helpful to simplify contents of architecture drawing to wall, stairs and gate in understanding them. - Photographing of video data should be taken to show available fire fighting facilities in fire, use of planned space and the whole inner structure of each floor from the inside of fire fighting buildings and to display play time between 10 sec. and 1 min, for obstacles to distance from adjacent buildings or passage of special vehicles and fire fighting water from the outside of the building. - File format of video data taken in this way is most suitable to use wmv(window media video) or asf(advanced streaming format) type in consideration of time required for export, screen quality, file capacity and play type in Rock-Drill through network. - Still screen(photo) is more effective to express the department of fire fighting vehicles or other equipments than using video. (3) In configuration work of power point, hyper link was used most and configured to see any part at any situation like web document and then uniformity of presentation order of power point was complemented. (4) In case of sales facilities with the area of $35.557m^2$, the time of 22 hours and 30 minutes for five days was taken with five persons. Therefore, when eight-hour works a day were calculated, the whole process of video work for Rock-Drill can be finished with three day works.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.409-417
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• 2019

Purpose: Since the implementation of the Chemical Substance Management Act, data on the number of occurrences by annual chemical accident in Korea and the contractor's contract data received from the competent authority were used. After the implementation of the contract reporting system, the contribution to the reduction of chemical accidents is summarized by statistical data. The characteristics of each region, month, type and those of similar industries and human life were compared and analyzed. Method: 4 years of chemical accident statistics from 2015 to 2018 and since 2003, we have used data from the Chemical Safety Clearing-House (CSC), which provides safety information on cases of chemical accidents. Results and Conclusion: The risk of accidents increases as a number of unskilled workers are put into the workplace during the period when the hazardous chemical handling process is temporarily suspended. Through the reporting for awarding a contract, the operators are strengthening the safety management of chemical accidents by educating unskilled workers and wearing personal protective equipment.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2019

The health of licence holders (flight crew members and air traffic controllers) is recognized as an important element of aviation safety. The medical emergency symptoms that occur during the flight duty period without prior notice can interfere with human performance capabilities and threaten aviation safety. To prevent this, ICAO has been required to conduct a periodic medical assessment process of licence holders including routine analysis of in-flight incapacitation events and medical findings during medical to identify areas of increased medical risk and continuous reevaluation of the medical assessment process to concentrate on identified areas of increased medical risk. The supply and demand of licence holders have become a major issue due to the increase in air traffic around the world, and the pilot retirement age has been extended to 65 years. But, there is no significant change in the aviation medical assessments process. The follow up of the result of medical examination discovered through aviation medical examination is a very important part, but it has not been properly implemented, and the sick leaves and medical inflight incapacitation reporting system should be improved. The management of health risk factors for licence holders must be implemented to prevent aircraft accidents or aviation safety problems caused by health problems. In this paper, we propose the development plan and concrete improvement plan of the health risk management system of licence holders in Korea in terms of aviation safety.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.639-646
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present the algorithm to minimize the image noise caused by deterioration of high X-ray container inspection equipment and the faulty detection sensors, and to improvement quality of the container inspection images using MATLAB Toolbox. The daily checking images for the container inspection were used with the subject images and the noise caused by the horizontal and vertical images was evaluated with Root Mean Square (RMS) method, which is the most basic evaluation method of digital radiation image. Also, quality of the improved images was evaluated compared to quality of the orignal images. As a result, all RMS value of the improved images was lower then the original images by a mean of 13.5% in the horizontal images and 18.2% in the vertical images respectively. Also so did RMS value of the improved container images, by a mean of 13.4% in the horizontal images and 19.1% in the vertical images respectively. These findings can be verified objectively and visually and they would help the reading process of the container images be effective in Korea Customs Service.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-33
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• 2013

A 55-year-old woman was seen in the emergency department with posterior neck pain and a headache after a traffic accident. Physical examination revealed tenderness on palpation over the posterior skull and a midline spinous process of the cervical spine without neurologic deficit. A plain radiograph of the cervical spine demonstrated the absence of the lateral portion of the posterior arch of the atlas and very lucent shadowing of the anterior midline of the atlas, suggesting a fracture of the anterior arch. On three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) of the cervical spine, anterior and posterior bony defects of the atlas were noted. Well-corticated defects were noted with sclerotic change and with no evidence of soft tissue swelling adjacent to the bony discontinuities, consistent with a congenital abnormality. With conservative therapy, the patient gradually showed a lessening of the midline tenderness. Careful investigation with radiography or CT is needed for these patients to avoid confusion with a fracture, because these patients seldom need surgical treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 2015

The purpose of the establishment of corporation's Business Continuity Plan(BCP) is to maintain corporations' own business and establish the response plan in order to resume operation in a short time period when crisis situations occur due to natural disaster and human error. This study has presented all types of procedures and criteria which are needed to establish the airport crisis response system in order to maintain the business continuity by utilizing BCP technique. Basically the risk response procedures must be established in the process of (1) preparation stage, (2) plan development stage, (3) documentation stage, (4) test & maintenance stage. The guideline has been suggested that each stage must be carried out in the sequence of Policy & Planning Responsibility, Business Impact Analysis, Recovery Strategy & Plans, Emergency Plan & SOP, Training Awareness and Maintenance & Review

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.371-383
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a module for infants in pediatric nursing based on problem-based learning (PBL) and to analyze its effect. Methods: The data used in the study was collected from 79 junior nursing students. For the analysis of the module effect, one group post-test design was applied for measurement of academic achievement. Results: The module for infants is comprised of a 4-hour PBL module. The academic achievement tests are composed of formative (tutor evaluation, self-evaluation) and summative evaluations. The self-evaluation revealed the strong need for PBL and the importance of PBL in the problem solving process and integrative thinking. The mean score of the subjects' learning satisfaction, problem solving process and concept map assessments were all above 50 percent. There was no significant difference in the mean score between the infant PBL and other teaching methods. Conclusion: The PBL proved to be a useful learning method to promote the critical and integrative thinking process.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between each phase of the Life Transition Process (LTP) and depressive symptoms among parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, data pertaining to LTP and depressive symptoms were collected from 285 parents of children with ASD (101 fathers and 184 mothers). Participants were recruited through the Autism Society of Korea and a counseling center for families of children with ASD. Results: Using a cut-off point of 5 or higher on the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form, more than half of the parents (53.4%) were deemed depressed; these parents experienced moderate (27.4%) to severe (11.6%) levels of depressive symptoms. A hierarchical multiple regression using the socio-demographic characteristics of children and parents and each phase of the LTP as predictors, found that lower income (${\beta}=-.14$, p=.007) and greater scores for the wandering phase (${\beta}=.59$, p<.001) were significant predictors of greater levels of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These findings confirm the association between LTP and depressive symptoms for parents of children with ASD, who were found to have a greater risk of depressive symptoms during wandering phase.