• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 1985

1.잡초(雜草)의 발생심도(發生深度)는 2개초종(個草種) 다같이 지표면(地表面)에서 발생(發生)이 많았으나 올챙이고랭이는 3cm깊이에서도 다소(多少) 발생(發生)하였고 그이상 깊이에서는 발생(發生)되지 않았으마 사마귀풀은 주로 표면(表面)에서 발생(發生)이 많았다. 2. 잡초(雜草)의 생육(生育)이 왕성(旺盛)한 시기(時期)가 8월(月)18일(日) 이전이였고 그 이후(以後)에는 생육량(生育量)이 적었으며 3. 일장(日長)의 영향(影響)은 올챙이고랭이 및 사마귀풀 공히 단일처리(短日處理)하므로써 초장(草長)이 작고 분지수(分枝數)도 적었다. 개화기(開花期)는 단일처리(短日處理)하에서 빨라지는 영향(影響)을 나타냈다. 4. 사마귀풀은 재생력(再生力)이 1회절제(回切除)하므로써 재생(再生)되지 않았으며 올챙이고랭이는 분얼성기(分蘖盛期) 절제(切除)가 가장 재생력(再生力)이 높았다. 5. 올챙이고랭이 월동주(越冬株) 자체(自體)는 고사(枯死)가 없이 100% 재생(再生)이 가능하였고 근경부착수(根莖附着數)가 많을수록 발생(發生)이 잘되었다. 6. 잡초(雜草)와 수도수량(水稻收量)과의 관계(關係)를 보면 각 초종(草種) 공(供)히 잡초수(雜草數)가 많을수록 수량(收量)이 낮았으며 그 원인(原因)은 수수(穗數)의 감소(減少)가 수량(收量)에 미친 영향(影響)이 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

Brood caring behavior was observed in Amaurobius ferox (Araneae, Amaurobiidae), a semelparous subsocial spider, from cocoon construction until the emergence of spiderlings from the cocoon. Unlike most spiders, which emerge from cocoon by their own means, A. ferox mothers intervene in the process of the emergence of their young. I manipulated broods by removing the mother prior to emergence to determine the effects of maternal behavior on the emergence of spiderlings. My results showed that maternal intervention making the cocoon expansion and its exit, is not absolutely necessary for the emergence of A. ferox spiderlings from the cocoon. Nine clutches out of ten were able to get out of the cocoon by their own means without their mother's help. There was no difference between control groups ('with mother') and experimental groups ('without mother') in the number of spiderlings that emerged ($96.9{\pm}25.3$ vs. $90.4{\pm}14.2$, respectfully) and in the time from the beginning to the end of emergence ($36{\pm}12$ vs. $41{\pm}17$ hours). Time from eclosion until the emergence of the first individual in a clutch, however, was greater in the mother-absent group (3.5 days) than in the control group (2.0 days). The construction of the cocoon by the mother required always occurred in the same area within the retreat, and took approximately 6 hours, and the mother guarded the eggs during the incubation period. The emergence of the spiderlings followed a sigmoidal pattern. After emergence, the spiderlings formed a very compact group on the cocoon, which may be important in securing maternal care. The absence of cribellum and calamistrum, structures likely involved in their survival, observed in individuals of the first instar suggests that in the first stage of life, the spiderlings are dependent on their mother.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2000

To understand the effects of elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature on seedling emergence of seven herbaceous species, the seedling emergence was monitored between November 1997 and May 1998 using a temperature gradient chamber and a $CO_2$-temperature gradient chamber. Experiment was conducted under current ambient condition (Control plot), 2$^{\circ}C$-warmed condition with ambient $CO_2$ (T2 Plot), 4$^{\circ}C$-warmed condition with ambient $CO_2$ (T4 plot). and 4$^{\circ}C$-warmed condition with 1.8 fold of ambient $CO_2$ (CT4 plot). Species tested in this study were Digitaria adscendens, Echinochloa crus-galli, Panicum bisulcatum, Setaria viridis. Oenothera biennis, Andropogon virginicus, and Imperata cylindrica. Each species often dominates in the herbaceous stage of secondary succession in Japan. The mean seedling emergence times for all species were significantly increased to 23.6 and 32.2 d in the T2 and T4 plot compared to the Control plot, respectively. The most sensitive and insensitive species in seedling emergence time in T2 plot were O. biennis and D. adscendens, respectivel.y, and those in the T4 and CT4 plot were I. cylindrica and D. adscendens, E. crus-galli and A. virginicus, respectively. All experimental species showed no significant difference in the seedling emergence rate between treatments except for O. biennis and I. cylindrica. O. biennis showed a great decrease in the seedling emergence rate from 83.3% in the Control plot to 38.0%, 14.7%, and 29.3% in the T2, T4, and CT4 plot, respectively. Elevated $CO_2$ had very little effect on the seedling emergence. From these observations, it is expected that increased temperature would greatly advance the vegetative recovery time after disturbance through the advancement of seedling emergence time.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.657-658
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• 2022

농업 현장에서 사용되고 있는 진디벌류의 우화율을 향상시키기 위한 방안을 제안하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 농업 현장에 방사된 콜레마니 진디벌의 평균 우화율은 37.2%였으며, 우화율 제고를 위해 그늘막을 제공한 처리구에서는 54.4%, 그늘막과 수분을 공급해 준 처리구에서는 63.1%의 우화율을 확인하였다. 진디벌 방사 시, 그늘막과 수분을 공급해 준다면, 무처리보다 1.69배 높은 성충의 출현을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2023

The intricate relationship between species and their ecosystems has been a focal point of ecological research for decades. With the advent of big data and artificial intelligence, we are now able to explore this relationship with unprecedented depth and precision. This review delves into the transformative role of these technologies in ecological research, emphasizing their potential to enhance our understanding of species-ecosystem linkages.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2003

소나무재선충의 주 매개충인 솔수염하늘소의 우화생태를 연구하기 위하여 1999년부터 2002년까지 경남 진주의 소나무재선충병 피해임지에서 죽은 소나무를 대상으로 조사하였다. 양지에서 솔수염하늘소 성충의 우화시기를 조사한 결과 4개년 평균 매년 5월 15일을 전후하여 우화하기 시작하였고, 50% 우화일은 6월 중순경이었다 우화 종료일은 7월 상순-하순으로 해에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 수컷의 50% 우화일은 암컷보다 해에 따라 1-4일이 빨랐다. 그러나 음지에서의 50% 우화일은 양지에서보다 17일이 늦어졌다. 2001년 2월에서 4월까지 벌채한 공시목으로부터 우화한 성충 중에서 동년에 우화한 1년 1세대 충의 비율은 97.6%이었고, 이듬해인 2002년에 우화한 2년 1세대 충의 비율은 2.4%이었다. 솔수염하늘소 성충은 암수 구분 없이 24시간 내내 우화하였지만, 오전 8시부터 12시 사이에 우화하는 성충의 비율이 32.3%로 가장 높았으며, 새벽 2시부터 오전 8시까지는 우화율이 낮았다. 번데기방에서 성충이 우화한 후 나무 밖으로 탈출하는 데 소요되는 시각은 68.0초이었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2008

We investigated the leaf demography of a temperate woody liana, Akebia trifoliata, in a temperate forest in Japan, Akebia is semi-evergreen: some leaves are shed before winter, while others remain through the winter. Previous studies of semi-evergreen species found that variation in leaf life span was caused by variation in the timing of leaf emergence, Leaves that appeared just before winter over-wintered, while leaves appearing earlier were shed, However, it is unclear whether leaves of the same cohort (i.e., leaves that appear at the same time within a single site) show variation in life span under the effect of strong seasonality. To separate variation in life span among the leaves in each cohort from variation among cohorts, we propose a new method - the single leaf diagram, which shows the emergence and death of each leaf. Using single leaf diagrams, our study revealed that Akebia leaves within a cohort showed substantial variation in life span, with some over-wintering and some not. In addition, leaves on small ramets in the understory showed great variation in life span, while leaves on large ramets, which typically reach higher positions in the forest canopy, have shorter lives, As a result, small ramets were semi-evergreen, whereas large ramets were deciduous, The longer lives of leaves on small ramets can be interpreted as a shade-adaptive strategy in understory plants.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

To examine the relationship between competition and environmental factors, the germlings of Ascophyllum nodosum (L) Le Jolis and Fucus vesiculosus L. were cultured in monocultures and mixtures of the two species under two different exposure and nutrient levels. Both intra- and inter-specific competition were examined in comparison of the mortality and growth of germlings in monocultures and mixtures of the two species. The mortality of germlings increased with increasing density and emergence periods both in the monoculture and mixtures of the two species, and the mortality of Ascophyllum was significantly higher than that of Fucus both in submerged and emerged treatments. The growth of germlings of both species reduced with increasing density but F. vesiculosus always grew faster than Ascophyllum. The values of log output ratio were more than 0.1, indicating that Fucus 'won' in the competitive battles with Ascophyllum under two nutrient- and air-exposure levels. Log output ratio was greater in high than in low nutrients, indicating that the growth of Fucus is more enhanced than that of Ascophyllum in high nutrients. In the present study, the outcome of inter specific competition between germlings of Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum was slightly altered by duration of emergence and nutrient concentration, but not to such an extent as to change the outcome.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2020

Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), which has never been recorded in South Korea, appeared on Jeju Island in 2018 and re-emerged in the inland area of Seocheon-gun (South Chungcheong Province) and in Goyang-si (Gyeonggi Province) in the following year. This study aims to report the progress in observing P. falcinellus in the inland areas of South Korea in 2019 and to predict its origin region and future propensity for habitats in the country through literature review. On 5 May 2019, an individual of P. falcinellus with breeding feathers was observed in a farmland in Wolsan-ri, Seocheon-gun. Twelve days later, another one was identified in a farmland in Janghang-dong, Goyang-si, about 173 km north of Wolsan-ri. The observed birds fed and rested in the area and stayed for only a day. The individual birds spotted in South Korea in 2019 are conjectured to have come from either Southeast Asia or Australia, among areas located in East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF). This is because P. falcinellus, a species with excellent dispersal capacity, forms a population in new areas during extreme environmental changes in their current habitats, especially droughts. For 2 years, P. falcinellus was observed to be migrating in spring; however, in the future, they may exhibit the same propensity for breeding and habitats as that of birds migrating in autumn. As it is a conspicuous species, effective detection of their arrival requires a survey system that classifies the country by habitat type and involves periodic and multiple observations by experts and citizens.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2011

본 연구는 온라인 게임이 어떻게 정부 및 기업과 같은 공급자 차원에서 의도적으로 부상하지 않고, 수요자 차원에서 자연발생적으로 부상하였는지를 지식생태계적 접근을 통해 분석하였다. 본 연구는 온라인게임 부상의 요인으로서 첫째, 소비과정을 통해 학습된 리드유저들이 효과적인 사회 환경적 기반들(국내외 기술 교재, 대학, 외부 교육기반, 기업 등)과의 상호작용 속에서 신산업 부상을 이끄는 지식생태계의 참여자로서 참여할 수 있었던 조건, 둘째, 이들 개발인력이 조직화된 제작 경험을 얻을 수 있는 온/오프라인의 창조적 공동체 활동을 통해 창업 조직들로 성장할 수 있었던 조건을 제시한다. 이러한 연구 결과는 신산업 부상이 단절적이고 인위적인 물리적 환경 조건이 아닌 다양한 행위자들 간의 강력한 상호작용이 작동하는 지식생태계가 선행되어야 한다는 정책적 함의를 제공한다.