• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.562-566
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of giant embryonic rice, which has over two times of embryo size compared the normal rice, on lipid metabolism of insulin dependent diabetic rats. Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were fed four kinds of experimental diets com starch diet as a control (C-D), a polished rice diet (R-D), a brown rice diet (BR-D) and a giant embryonic rice diet (GER-D) respectively, for 6 weeks. Diet intake body weight, organ weights and lipid levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was significant difference in diet intake and body weight among experimental groups. The concentrations of serum triglyceride and total serum cholesterol of BR-D and GER-D groups were lower than those of others. The total hepatic cholesterol level was the lowest in GER-D group. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol excreted in feces of BR-D and GER-D groups were higher than those of C-D and R-D groups. These results suggested the giant embryonic rice diets can effectively reduce serum triglyceride level and total hepatic cholesterol level in insulin dependent diabetic rats, and hypolipidemic effects be due to increasing fecal lipid excretion.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1223-1234
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• 2022

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of daily feed intake during the laying period on embryonic myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1), myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), and myogenic factor 6 (MYF6) gene expression in genetically fat and lean lines of chickens. Methods: An experiment in a 2×2 factorial design was conducted with two dietary intake levels (100% and 75% of nutrition recommendation) and two broiler chicken lines (fat and lean). Two lines of hens (n = 384 for each line) at 23th week of age were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 12 replicates of 16 birds. The experiment started at 27th week of age (5% egg rate) and ended at 54th week of age. Hatched eggs from the medium laying period were collected. Real time polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to analyse the MYOD1, MYF5, and MYF6 mRNA levels of E7, E9, E11, E13, and E15 body tissues and E17, E19, and E21 chest and thigh muscle samples. Results: The results indicated that there were significant effects of line, dietary intake, and interactions between them on MYOD1, MYF5, and MYF6 gene mRNA expression levels in embryonic tissues. Low daily feed intake did not change the expression trend of MYOD1 mRNA in either line, but changed the peak values, especially in lean line. Low daily feed intake altered the trend in MYF5 mRNA expression level in both lines and apparently delayed its onset. There was no apparent effect of low daily feed intake on the trends of MYF6 mRNA expression levels in either line, but it significantly changed the values on many embryonic days. Conclusion: Maternal nutrient restriction affects myogenesis and is manifested in the expression of embryonic MYOD1, MYF5, and MYF6 genes. Long term selection for fat deposition in broiler chickens changes the pattern and intensity of myogenesis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.145-163
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won and to study the mechanism for neuronal death protection in hypoxia with Embryonic day 20 (E20) cortical cells of a rat (Sprague Dawley). Methods: E20 cortical cells were dissociated in neurobasal media and grown for 14 days in vitro (DIV). On 14 DIV, Woohwangcheongsim-won was added to the culture media for 24 hrs or 72 hrs. On 17 DIV, cells were given a hypoxic shock and further incubated in normoxia for another three days. On 20 DIV, Woohwangcheongsim-won's effects for neuronal death protection were evaluated by LDH assay, propidium iodide stain and phospho-H2AX immunostain and the mechanisms were studied by Bcl-2, Bak, Bax, caspase family, PKCα, ca1pain I. Results & Conclusions : 1. This study indicated that Woohwangcheongsim-won's effects for neuronal death protection in hypoxia were confirmed by LDH assay, propidium iodide stain and phospho-H2AX immunostain in culture method of Embryonic day 20(E20) cortical neuroblasts. 2. Woohwangcheongsim-won's mechanisms for neuronal death protection in hypoxia are to reduce the membrane damage fraction, to restrain DNA truncate, to restrain inflow of cytochrome c into cellularity caused by Bak diminution, to reduce the caspase cascade intiator caspase-8 and the effector caspase-3, to reduce the calpain I activity and to increase PKCand its activity in the membrane fraction. (J Korean Oriental Moo 2002;23(3):145～163)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.138-138
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• 2001

The purpose of the present studies was to investigate the effects of subchronic paternal treatment of cyclophosphamide (CP) and acrolein on male fertility and early embryonic development. Two approaches were pursued. The first was to perform in vivo test for observing the adverse effects of CP and acrolein on the function og male reproductive system and pregnancy outcome.(omitted)

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

Discharged materials from the point or non-point source are released into the sea, and as the results, marine environment is directly affected. We must estimate the impacts of contaminants to marine pollution rapidly and accurately. Therefore, it is needed on early warning system for appreciating marine environmental impacts, and required a bioassay to evaluate abnormal changes. A bioassay test was developed to examine the effects of heavy metal contaminants on the early life stages of the marine annimals. We have studied the effects of metals on early development of a sea urchin species, Strongylocentrotus intermedius. S. intermedius embryos were tested with six metals (Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni) and showed the highest sensitivity to Cu as well as the lowest sensitivity to Cd. The order of biological impact for metals was Cu>Ag>Ni>Zn>Cr>Cd. In accordance with the results, sea urchins embryos can provide biological criteria for seawater quality assessment. The sensitivity of developmental bioassay whith S. intermedius is at intermediate level among marine organisms commonly used in aquatic bioassays. And this sea urchin can be routinely employed as a test organism for ecotoxicity assays.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.125-139
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won and to study the mechanism for neuronal death protection in OGD (oxygen-glucose deprivation) model with embryonic day 20 (E20) cortical cells of a rat (Sprague Dawley). Methods: E20 cortical cells were dissociated in neurobasal media and grown for 14 days in vitro (DIV). On 14 DIV, Woohwangcheongsim-won was added to the culture media for 72 hrs. On 17 DIV, cells were given an oxygen-glucose deprivation shock (2hrs and 4hrs) and further incubated in normoxia for another three days. On 20 DIV, Woohwangcheongsim-won's effects for neuronal death protection were evaluated by LDH assay and the mechanisms were studied by Bcl-2, Bak, Bax, caspase family. Results & Conclusions: 1. This study indicates that Woohwangcheongsim-won's effects for neuronal death protection in OGD model is confirmed by LDH assay in culture method of embryonic day 20(E20) cortical neuroblasts. 2. Woohwangcheongsim-won's mechanisms for neuronal death protection in OGD model are to restrain inflow of cytochrome c into cellularity caused by Bcl-2 increase (2hrs and 4hrs), to reduce the caspase cascade initiator caspase-8 (4hrs).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.541-545
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• 1998

This experiment carried out to compare the protective effects of some antioxidants to hydroxyl radicals in embryonic mouse whole brain tissue culture. The ICR mouse whole brain (13 embryonic day) was cultured in hydroxyl radical system in which radicals were generated by 20 mU / ml glucose oxidase (GO). In this experiment, to make ferrous iron from ferric iron, iron as an accelerator, and ascorbic acid as a reductant were used. For comparison of the protective effects to hydroxyl radicals, antioxidants such as desferrioxamine (DFX), laccase. water or ethanol extracts from Rhus Vemiciflua Stokes (RVS), and $\alpha$-tocopherol were used, because they relate to metal ion. The results of this experiment showed that all antioxidants protected effectively the cytotoxicity from hydroxyl radicals in the brain cultures. More than 70% of cell viabilities among different antioxidants was at 1 mM DFX, 1.43 $\mu\textrm{m}$ laccase, 12.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ water extract, 12.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ ethanol extract and 50 $\mu\textrm{m}$ $\alpha$-tocopherol individually, compared with 20 mU/ml GO alone. In comparison to the antioxidative activities of antioxidants, laccase and extracts from RVS showed strong antioxidative effects even at low concentration.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 1989

Effects of dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng on primary cultured chicken embryonic skeletal muscle cells were studied by microscopic observation and determination of the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Muscle cells were prepared from the breast of 12-day-old chicken embryo and cultured with either a medium consisted of 87.5% Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), 10% horse serum and 2.5% chicken embryonic extract or a medium consisted of 90% DMEM and 10% horse serum. It was observed that dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng seemed to show the tendency to stimulate the growth and the differentiation of the muscle cells cultured with a medium consisted of 90% DMEM and 10% horse serum under microscopic observation. The activity of acetylcholinesterase in the muscle cells cultured with a medium consisted of 90% DMEM and 10% horse serum was increased by dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 1994

Attenuated varicella-zoster virus(VZV) was cultured in human embryonic lung cells. The effects of serum type and its concentration on the production of VZV were studied. Regardless of cell culture conditions, VZV yield was increased with multiplicity of infection, and the total cell concentration was decreased after virus infection. The newborn calf serum, calf serum, or horse serum was not as good as the fetal bovine serum or calf serum supplemented with iron for the propagation of VZV in the human embryonic lung cells. The yields of total VZV(cell-associated virus and cell-free virus) in the medium with calf serum containing iron were comparable to those in the medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. Furthermore, some components of serum appear to be important for the maintenance of VZV infectivity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.495-499
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• 2006

In our previous studies, we demonstrated that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) enhances bovine oocyte maturation and early embryonic development in serum supplemented media. In this experiment, to determine the synergistic effect of VEGF with serum components on early embryonic development in vitro in cattle, 1 mg/ml polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) was replaced with foetal bovine serum (FBS) in maturation and culture media. Bovine oocytes were matured in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid (SOF) supplemented with PVA, PVA+5 ng/ml of VEGF, FBS, or FBS+VEGF. Fertilized oocytes were cultured in the same conditions for 8 days. The development of embryos was examined at 48 h post- insemination and on days 6, 7 and 8. The results were analyzed using repeated measures two- factor ANOVA, in which the effects of VEGF and serum were assigned as two factors. The development rate to 4- to 8-cell embryos at 48 h was significantly higher in the PVA+VEGF group than in the PVA group (44.7% and 31.5%, respectively). However, the highest development rate to 4- to 8-cell embryos was obtained from the FBS+VEGF group (58.8%). On day 8, the blastocyst rates were higher in the PVA+VEGF (22.8%), FBS (32.1%, p<0.05) and FBS+VEGF (42.1%, p<0.05) groups than in the PVA group (17.1%). Two- factor ANOVA of the development rates indicates that VEGF had a significant effect, but had no synergistic effect with serum components on early embryonic development. The results of the present study demonstrate that VEGF improves the in vitro developmental competence of bovine oocytes and/or embryos independent of the effect of serum components.