• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2018

Nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in oocyte maturation and embryonic development in mammals. This study examined the effect of exogenous NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in a maturation medium on meiotic progression and embryonic development after parthenogenesis (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in pigs. When oocytes were exposed to $0.1{\mu}M$ SNAP for first 22 h of in vitro maturation (IVM) in Experiment 1, SNAP significantly improved blastocyst development in both defined and standard follicular fluid-supplemented media compared to untreated control (48.4 vs. 31.7-42.5%). SNAP treatment significantly arrested meiotic progression of oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage at 11 h of IVM (61.2 vs. 38.7%). However, there was no effect on meiotic progression at 22 h of IVM (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, when oocytes were treated with SNAP at 0.001, 0.1 and $10{\mu}M$ during the first 22 h of IVM to determine a suitable concentration, $0.1{\mu}M$ SNAP (54.2%) exhibited a higher blastocyst formation than 0 and $10{\mu}M$ SNAP (36.6 and 36.6%, respectively). Time-dependent effect of SNAP treatment was evaluated in Experiment 4. It was observed that SNAP treatment for the first 22 h of IVM significantly increased blastocyst formation compared to no treatment (57.1% vs. 46.2%). Antioxidant effect of SNAP was compared with that of cysteine. SNAP treatment significantly improved embryonic development to the blastocyst stage (49.1-51.5% vs. 34.4-37.5%) irrespective of the presence or absence of cysteine (Experiment 5). Moreover, SNAP significantly increased glutathione (GSH) content and inversely decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial oxidative activity in IVM oocytes. SNAP treatment during IVM showed a stimulating effect on in vitro development of SCNT embryos (Experiment 7). These results demonstrates that SNAP improves developmental competence of PA and SCNT embryos probably by maintaining the redox homeostasis through increasing GSH content and mitochondrial quality and decreasing ROS in IVM oocytes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2004

신선찰거대배아미, 화청거대배아미 및 남풍거대배아미 등 거대배 돌연변이 계통 쌀 3종류 및 일반미의 70% 에탄올 추출물을 제조하여, 이들의 항산화 활성 및 항변이원성을 비교 검정하였다. 거대배아미 추출물의 항산화 활성은 DPPH radical 및 Fenton 반응에 의해서 유도되는 hydroxy radical의 소거활성, hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system에서 생성되는 활성산소종인 superoxide radical의 소거활성, linoleic acid자동산화에 대한 지질 과산화 억제활성 및 토끼 적혈구 막지질의 과산화 억제활성 둥으로써 검정하였으며, 항변이원성은 E. coli PQ 37 균주를 사용하여 화학적 변이원 mitomycin C에 대한 변이원성 억제효과를 SOS chromotest에 의해서 검정하였다. 일반미 품종에 비해서 거대배아미 품종의 항산화 활성 및 항변이원성이 모두 높았으며, 거대배아미 품종 중에서는 남풍거대배아미가 가장 효과적인 경향이 있었다. 남풍거대배아미의 DPPH radical, superoxide radical과 hydroxyl radical 소거활성, 그리고 지질과산화 억제활성은 일반미보다 각각 2.3배, 3.3배, 1.7배 및 2.5배 정도까지 더 높았다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.444-449
• /
• 1995

Primary cultures of rat cortical and chicken embryonic brain cells were employed to establish a reliable screening method for natural products blocldng or enhancing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Exposure of primary cultured rat cortical cells or chicken embryonic brain cells to high dose of glutamate resulted in the fragmentation of neutites and consequent neuronal death. The level of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), indicator for cell survival in cultures, was significantly reduced at exposure to glutamate. For the practical application of the methods, series of concentrations of plants extracts and positive control were applied prior to the glutamate insult on primary cultures of rat cortical and chicken embryonic, brain cells. Relative LDH level in cells was measured for the estimation of the effect of the test materials on the glutamatergic neurons. The validity of the present screening method for natural products acting on glutamatergic neurons was examined with dextromethorphan, a known glutamatergic antagonist. The treatment of 100 $\mu{M}$ dextromethorphan prevented the reduction of LDH in rat cortical and chicken embryonic brain cells caused by glutamate insult keeping 60% and 90% of LDH level in normal control, respectively. Above results indicate that primary cultures of rat cortical and chicken embryonic brain cells could be proper systems for the screening of potential natural agents acting on glutamatergic, neurons. Between the two types of cultures, primary culture of chicken embryonic brain cells seemed to be a better system for the primary screening, since it is technically easier and economical compared to that of rat cortical cells.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.487-493
• /
• 2008

HoxB4 has been shown to enhance hematopoietic engraftment by hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from differentiating mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) cultures. Here we examined the effect of ectopic expression of HoxB4 in differentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Stable HoxB4-expressing hESCs were established by lentiviral transduction, and the forced expression of HoxB4 did not affect stem cell features. HoxB4-expressing hESC-derived CD34+ cells generated higher numbers of erythroid and blast-like colonies than controls. The number of CD34+ cells increased but CD45+ and KDR+ cell numbers were not significantly affected. When the hESC derived CD34+ cells were transplanted into $NOD/SCID{\beta}2m-/-$ mice, the ectopic expression of HoxB4 did not alter their repopulating capacity. Our findings show that overexpression of HoxB4 in differentiating hESCs increases hematopoietic colony formation and hematopoietic cell formation in vitro, but does not affect in vivo repopulation in adult mice hosts.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
• /
• pp.200.2-201
• /
• 2003

The effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ on the differentiation of embryonic midbrain cells into dopaminergic neuronal cells, and the relationship between cell differentiation with activation of PPAR-yand possible signal pathway were investigated, 15-Deoxy-PGJ$_2$ increased neurite extension, a typical characteristics of the differentiation of embryonic midbrain cells isolated from 12 day's rat embryos in a dose-dependent manner. (omitted)

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of breeding conditions on reproductive efficiency of thoroughbred broodmares by ultrasonography. The mean age and breeding career of 120 mares used in this study were 11 years old and 6 years, respectively. The average pregnancy rate and embryonic loss rate were 87.5%, 11.8%. The groups that were 8-10 years old, 4-6 years, maiden and mated on May showed the highest pregnancy rate. While mares mated on 1st estrus post partus had the highest ovulation rate but showed the highest embryonic loss rate and he lowest pregnancy rate. And broodmares that had more intrauterine foreign bodies such as cyst and fluid with age and breeding career had represented lower pregnancy rate and higher embryonic loss rate than those having normal uterine condition. These results suggest that the breeding condition and uterine environment of mares had a significant influence on reproductive efficiency.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.296-301
• /
• 1987

Polyamines of Korean red ginseng were extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid and purified by ion exchange chromatography using Dowex-50Wx8 resin. Four spots having R$_f$ values of 0.19, 0.28, 0.35, and 0.45 were detected. It was observed under microscopy that those polyamines stimulated the growth and differentiation of chicken embryonic muscle cell. The development of muscle cells from the stage of myoblast to that of myotube was found to be enhanced by those polyamines. It was also observed that those polyamines most likely lengthened, the life-span of the cultured chicken embryonic skeletal muscle cells.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1991

In vitro developmental ability of early preimplantation monse embryos was shown to be depend on the embryonic stages, media and snpplements and their interaction(Experiment 1). The development of I-cell embryos were more promoted in the complex medinm(Ham's Fl0) than in the simple one(m-KRB), but that of 2-cell embryos showed the reverse effect. The bovine serum albumin(BSA) as a medium snpplement more promoted the development of I- and 2-cell embryos, compared with human fetal cord serum(HCS). On the other hand, the harmful effect of HCS was especially shown on the early cleavage in the embryonic development of the two stages. The effect of serum, in the respect of interaction between media and snpplements. was also more significantly appeared in m-KRB than Ham's Fl0. In the experiment 2, when the harmful effect of HCS was compared with that of fetal bovine serum(FBS), the former more promoted the development of l - and 2-cell embryos than the latter. The effect of HCS was more significantly shown in the development of I-cell than that of 2-cell embryos. Conclusively, as I- and 2-cell embryos were different in the requirements for the in vitro development. the optimal medium and supplement have to be selected for each embryonic stage. It is also respected to the better result if it take into consideration into the kinds of sera when serum is used for culture of early preimplantation embryos.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.171-174
• /
• 2012

Various small molecules can be used to control major signaling pathways to enhance stemness and inhibit differentiation in murine embryonic stem cell (mESC) culture. Small molecules inhibiting the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/ERK pathway can preserve pluripotent cells from stimulation of differentiation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of pluripotin (SC-1), an inhibitor of the FGF/ERK pathway, on the colony formation of outgrowing presumptive mESCs. After plating the zona pellucida-free blastocyst on the feeder layer, attached cell clumps was cultured with SC-1 until the endpoint of the experiment at passage 10. In this experiment, when the number of colonies was counted at passage 3, SC-1-treated group showed 3.4 fold more mESC colonies when compared with control group. However, after passage 4, there was no stimulating effect of SC-1 on the colony formation. In conclusion, SC-1 treatment can be used to promote mESC generation by increasing the number of early mESC colonies.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.378-384
• /
• 1999

Retinoic acid (RA) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) induce the differentiation of the multipotent embryonic carcinoma cell line, F9 cells, into parietal endoderm like cell. The F9 cells are highly proliferative doubling approximately 12 hourse. S Phase is predominant, lasting 10 hours and G2/M phase occupies most of the remaining cycle (2 hours) and G1 phase is nearly non-existent. In this study, we showed the effect of RA and dbcAMPon the cell cycle associated molecules (especially around G1 phase) during F9 cell differentiation. Differentiation of F9 cells was induced by the combined addition of RA ($10^{-7}M$) and dbcAMP (0.5mM), and cells were harvested daily up to 4 days. Flow cytometric analysis showed the prolongation of G1 phase around 30 hours after induction. Western blot analysis revealed that the amount of cyclin D1 and cdk2 were increased at day 4. However, histone H1 kinase activity of cdk2 was decreased. These data strongly suggest that RA and dbcAMP induce the growth arrest of F9 cells at G1 phase by decreasing the activity of cdk2, although they have increased the protein contents of cyclin D1 and cdk2. The reason for the discrepancy between the H1 kinase activity and protein contents are not clear yet.