• 정보관리학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.61-82
• /
• 2004

이 연구의 목적은 현재 보편화된 공공도서관 이용자의 프로파일이 만들어진 배경을 이해하기 위한 것으로, 구십년 대 이전에 미국에서 수행된 스무 편의 대규모 공공도서관 이용과 정보추구 연구의 문헌리뷰를 통해 급격한 정보환경의 변화 이전 이용자의 특성을 인구통계학적, 생활양식, 사회화 및 상황 변인의 측면에서 검토하였다. 사회경제적 중산계층에 속하는 적극적 참여자 및 커뮤니케이션 엘리트로서 공공도서관 이용자의 특성은 1940년대 Berelson의 연구 이후 거의 변하지 않았으나, 구십년 대 이후의 다양한 상황변동에 따른 이들의 요구와 행태에 대한 지속적 연구가 기대된다.

• International Journal of Railway
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 2014

Urban subways are one of the main parts of urban transportation networks in every city that always requires much attention in order to improve its efficiency in aspects of safety, reliability speed and costs. As the viewpoint of costs, an accurate design, especially design of vertical alignment, can have a dominant role to reduce the costs of urban railway projects. This paper seeks to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of designing chain vertical alignment for urban subways in compare to flat vertical alignment. To achieve this goal, line A of Qom subway in Iran was selected as a case study in this research. Five parameters considered in the technical-economical evaluation: (1) energy consumption, (2) rolling stock, (3) operation, (4) civil works and geotechnical and (5) hydrological, drainage and pumping. According to the results, a power saving of about 40% have been estimated in the chain vertical alignment for the train without regenerative braking in compare with the flat vertical alignment, although the power saving was calculated less than 10% for the train with regenerative braking. Finally it was found that due to the modern rolling stock technology, the chain vertical alignment represents fewer advantages in compare to the past years.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.274-286
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze educational functions of Kyujanggak(奎章閣) during King Jeongjo(正祖) and reflect its significance Kyujanggak was established by King Jeongjo in 1776. The main function of Kyujanggak was keeping and managing Eopil(御筆) and it continued to perform what Jiphyeonjeon(集賢殿) had done. Among the functions of Kyujanggak, there found several critical ones that today's educational institution needs to do: 1) library function including collecting, keeping, and utilizing books 2) education of elites like Chogyemoonsin(抄啓文臣) 3) writing and publishing to encourage writing customs(文風振作) 4) the classic-mat lectures(經筵) to facilitate King's learning. Across the ages and in all countries of the world, education is the dynamic force and bulwark, Also, library is the treasure house and center of traditional culture. Especially, Kyujanggak has been estimated to perform the functions of both education and library successfully. The results indicated that the practice of Kyujanggak reminds us that the educational mind and leadership of the top leader of nation is the primary and decisive factor in building a strong culture-nation.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.405-420
• /
• 2014

This paper examines the nonlinear behaviour of corrugated steel plate shear walls under lateral pushover load. One of the innovations in these types of walls which have used in recent years is the use of the corrugated steel shear walls rather un-stiffness plates. In the last decades many experimental studies have been done on the on the corrugated steel shear walls. A finite element analysis that includes both material and geometric nonlinearities is employed for the investigation. A comparison is made between the behaviour of steel shear walls with sinusoidal corrugated plate and trapezoidal corrugated plate. The effects of parameters such as the thickness of the corrugated plate, the corrugation depth in the corrugated plates and the corrugation length of the infill of the corrugated plates, are investigated. The results of this study have demonstrated that in the wall with constant dimensions, the trapezoidal plates have higher energy dissipation, ductility and ultimate bearing than sinusoidal waves, while decreasing the steel material consumption.

• 국제지역연구
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.549-566
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 미국정치의 주요변수로 부상하여 온 사회적 보수주의 가치가 미국 사회에 미친 정치적 영향을 낙태이슈를 중심으로 분석한다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 사회적 보수주의 가치가 미국 유권자들의 정책 및 정당 선호, 그리고 이념적 변화에 미친 영향에 대해 논의하고 있다. 경험적 분석의 결과는 낙태쟁점이 미국 유권자들을 이념적으로나 정당선호에 있어서 재편성하지는 못하였으나 기존의 유권자 분할 구도를 보다 명백하게 만드는 데 일조하였음을 보여준다. 그 결과 낙태 쟁점은 1980년대 중반 이후 미국인의 투표 결정의 중요한 요인이 되었으며, 특히 정치엘리트의 양극화가 뚜렷해진 1990년대에 그 정치적 영향력이 현저해진 것으로 분석되었다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제37권
• /
• pp.37-63
• /
• 2004

2세기 후반 이후 범마한적(凡馬韓的)으로 사용되던 대형 옹형토기는 백제가 우월적 정치체로서 성장함에 따라 점차적으로 범위가 좁아지며 용도가 바뀌는데, 3세기 후반 이후 영산강유역에서 저분구묘의 중심 매장시설로 기능을 전용하면서 옹관고분이 등장하게 된다. 옹관의 형태와 양식이 통일되면서 백제와 구별되는 상징적 스타일로 강화, 사용된 것으로 추정된다. 즉 마한을 구성한 대등한 정치체들의 공통적 상징이 백제와 구별되는 영산강유역이라는 광역적인 집단의 상징으로 바뀐 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 과정은 백제와 정치적으로 구별하고 맞서야 하는 대내외적 요구를 충족시키는데 필요한 영산강유역 집단의 결집을 위한 통합 이데올로기의 반영이라고 판단된다.

• 교육철학
• /
• 제66호
• /
• pp.105-132
• /
• 2018

This study analyzes and compares the contents of the prohibited history textbooks to the officiated curriculum textbooks during the Japanese Intervention period. By doing so the study will discuss the curriculum regulation through the new educational sociology aspects. The results are as follows. First, the Residency-General placed Japanese advisors in educational faculties to prepare a foundation for colonial education. It was intended to influence the educational system and its contents by displaying their superiority represented by their group of elites. Second, In 1908, the authorities issued the textbook regulation, which controlled the contents of the education before the book was published. The standard for the regulation was to exclude contents that are disadvantageous to Japan, and is favorable to colonial rules. Third, The prohibited textbooks contained contents that violate the standards. This shows that during the Residency -General period the textbook examination system was a tool to control school curriculum. Fourth, after comparing the contents of both prohibited textbooks and regulated textbooks, the prohibited history textbooks included the national independence, the victory over the Japanese, patriotism, and unfavorable relations with Japan. On the other hand, the regulated textbooks omitted patriotism and ethnicity-independent content, and instead filled its content with a friendly relationship Korea had with Japan at the time. This phenomenon proves that knowledge and the way of thinking are favorable towards superior groups of society and have an influence in determining the content of school education. This is the new education sociology theology.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.84-103
• /
• 2020

Spurred by the ongoing globalization, an increase in mobility has diversified migrant categories and strengthened intercultural rapport. Alongside the "traditional" migrants, "White" (Caucasian) individuals are coming into greater focus of migration studies as "lifestyle migrants". Although White migrations are not a new phenomenon, the deep-seated idea of White supremacy continues to play an important role in contemporary intercultural communication, awarding Whites across communities a "cosmopolitan" status of highly educated cultural elites. As such, the focus of this research is on highly skilled White European migrants, on their subjective experiences of integration in Japan, and whether they perceive Whiteness as an obstacle or an advantage in this process, if integration is desired at all. To discern the connection between race and integration, this research investigates the non-White majority society of Japan as it has established racial hierarchies according to the Western models, consequently influencing the status of its contemporary White immigrants. Privileged, yet singled out as racial and cultural role models, White Europeans' integration seemingly becomes nearly impossible. The data obtained in fifteen semi-structured interviews confirms that Whiteness grants advantages when entering the Japanese job market, but remains an obstacle in everyday community integration. European professionals do not feel accepted and abandon efforts to integrate, if such were made, retreating into "cosmopolitan islets" wherein they renegotiate their White European identities.

• 분석과 대안
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.163-202
• /
• 2020

This paper examines how Japanese society produced and reproduced a distinctively gendered history and memories of the experience of WWII and colonialism in the postwar era. We argue that these gendered narratives, which were embedded in postwar debates about the Peace Constitution and comfort women, have engendered contradictions and made the historical conflicts with neighboring countries challenging to resolve. On the one hand, this deepens conflict, but on the other, it also generates stability in East Asia. After Japan's defeat in WWII, the American Occupation government created the Peace Constitution, which permanently "renounces war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes." The removal of the state's monopoly on violence - the symbol of masculinity - resulted in Japan's feminization. This feminization led to collective forgetting of prewar imperialism and militarism in postwar Japan. While collectively forgetting the wartime history of comfort women within these feminized narratives, the conservative movement to revise the Peace Constitution attempted to recover Japan's masculinity for a new, autonomous role in international politics, as uncertainty in East Asia increased. Ironically, however, this effort strengthened Japan's femininity because it involved forgetting Japan's masculine role in the past. This forgetting has undermined efforts to achieve masculine independence, thus reinforcing dependence on the United States. Recurrent debates about the Peace Constitution and comfort women have influenced how Japanese political elites and intellectual society have constructed distinctive social institutions, imagined foreign relations, and framed contemporary problems, as indicated in their gendered restructuring of history.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.269-282
• /
• 2015

In this paper, a compression to tensile load converter device was developed to determine the anisotropic tensile strength of concrete. The samples were made from a mixture of water, fine sand and cement, respectively. Concrete samples with a hole at its center was prepared and subjected to tensile loading using the compression to tensile load converter device. A hydraulic load cell applied compressive loading to converter device with a constant pressure of 0.02 MPa per second. Compressive loading was converted to tensile stress on the sample because of the overall test design. The samples have three different configurations related to loading axis; 0, $45^{\circ}$, $-45^{\circ}$. A series of finite element analysis were done to analyze the effect of hole diameter on stress concentration of the hole side along its horizontal axis to provide a suitable criterion for determining the real tensile strength of concrete. Concurrent with indirect tensile test, Brazilian test and three point loading test were also performed to compare the results from the three methods. Results obtained by this device were quite encouraging and show that the tensile strengths of concrete were similar in different directions because of the homogeneity of bonding between the concrete materials. Also, the indirect tensile strength was clearly lower than the Brazilian test strength and three point loading test.