• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.729-735
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of iron supplement for 4 weeks on iron status, immunity, and antioxidant status of national female soccer players (n = 25). This study was performed at summer hard training period right before competition. A single blind design was used to divide the subjects into iron-supplement (IS) or placebo group (P). Iron-supplement group was supplemented with iron (40 mg/d) for 4 weeks. The mean age of the subjects was 23.3 $\pm$ 2.5 years old. Mean height and body weight of the subjects were 164.4 $\pm$ 5.7 em and 57.4 $\pm$ 4.6 kg, respectively. The mean carrier as soccer player was 11.0 $\pm$ 2.6 years and mean training time was 7.0 $\pm$ 1.3 hr/day. The mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, total iron binding capacity and ferritin concentrations before iron supplementation were not different between two groups. After 4 weeks of summer training and iron supplementation, serum ferritin level was significantly increased only in IS group after supplementation. Mean corpuscular volume and total iron binding capacity were significantly decreased in both groups. Meanwhile, hemoglobin and red blood cell count were significantly lowered only in placebo group. The IgM concentration increased significantly in both groups, but IgG concentration had increasing tendency only in IS group (p < 0.064). Therefore, iron supplementation during hard training period may be helpful to improve work capacity of the athletes by improving ferritin status and humoral immune responses.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soybean peptide on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme and inflammatory cytokines in male high school taekwondo players. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, which were a soybean peptide intake group (S-peptide, n=13) and a placebo intake group (Placebo, n=10). The s-peptide group took 4 g a day of soybean peptide for 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein at before taekwondo performance, after 2 and 4 weeks taekwondo performance. The plasma was analyzed for the antioxidant enzyme activity factor, lipid peroxidation and cytokines. As a result, the s-peptide group decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity factor (TAS and CAT). The plasma concentration of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were significantly decreased in the s-peptide group after 4 weeks and showed significant differences between the groups. These results indicate that the intake of soybean peptide was positively improved on antioxidant enzyme and inflammatory cytokines in taekwondo player.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical characteristics of glide and delivery motion of In-Sung Hwang, player who is a member of the national team among the finalists in the men's shot put at the 2010 National Sports Festivals. Three-Dimensional motion analysis using a system of 3 video cameras at a sampling frequency of 60 Hz was performed for this study. During the glide and delivery phase the results showed following characteristics; 1) The glide type was suitable for the short-long technique, but the trajectory of shot at the glide and delivery phase showed a different trajectory pattern with "S-shaped" type of elite players due to many deviating from central axis of the APSS(athletic-plus shot system). 2) Left knee was more flexed during failed trials compared to successful trials but COG was higher. Therefore, the player showed less stability of COG as he may not get enough breaking force at the left foot. 3) Furthermore, it would be required to have strong muscle power at the trunk, throwing arm, and the lower extremity in order to achieve maintain a low projection angle of the release.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.326-333
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• 2016

This case study identified the effects of joint mobilization on knee pain, isokinetic strength, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness in an elite volleyball player with a knee injury. The subject had experienced cartilage defects of the left knee joint and underwent surgery to correct the condition. The patient complained of continuous pain in the left knee joint in daily life in addition to pain during exercise. The study was conducted from August 5 to 12, 2015 and joint mobilization was applied to the left knee joint for 15 minutes once a day for 8 days. Knee pain was measured using a visual analogue scale, and the concentric peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles was measured using an isokinetic muscular strength measurement device. The muscle tone and stiffness of the rectus femoris muscle, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis on the injured side were measured using a myotonometer. All the measurements were conducted before and after the intervention. Joint mobilization was effective in reducing knee pain on the injured side, increasing the concentric peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles on both sides, and increasing the muscle stiffness of the quadriceps muscle on the injured side. Concentric peak torque of the quadriceps muscle on the injured side increased a great deal as the number of joint mobilizations was increased, largely diminishing the difference in concentric peak torque between the normal side and injured side. On the other hand, joint mobilization was ineffective in improving the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio on the injured side. While this study suggests that joint mobilization can be an effective intervention to improve the knee pain, isokinetic strength, and muscle stiffness of elite volleyball players, it should be performed alongside training for an appropriate strength ratio.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2010

Anterior tibial diaphyseal stress fracture have a propensity for delayed union or nonunion and have risk of complete fracture after minor trauma. So, careful evaluation and optimal management are mandatory to succeed in treatment. It is also important to decide the point of time of return to full activity. We report experience of treatment for complete fracture of the delayed union of anterior tibial diaphyseal stress fracture as an athletic injury.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2691-2697
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• 2011

The purpose of the dissertation is to offer basic data available for being conducive to application of a training program by comparatively analyzing the players' physical strength, the knee joint, a hip joint, power of the trunk joint and muscle power in order to study isokinetic strength and muscle power between short distance athletes and Taekwondo players. This study measured peak power, %Body weight peak power, always power, and %Body weight peak power targeting 8 male athletes and 8 male Taekwondo players who warmed up 10 minutes before from the test to reduce repulsion and unfamiliarity at the instrument. The power of the knee joint($60^{\circ}$/sec), muscle power($180^{\circ}$/sec), were measured by using HUNOM(U.S.A). As a result of the physical strength, statistically, short distance athletes were indicated to be better in muscle strength, muscular endurance than Taekwondo players, and there was no significant difference between flexibility, power, and muscular endurance. Although the short distance athletes were indicated to be better in right and left muscle strength of knee joint than Taekwondo player, there was no significant difference and Taekwonde players were indicated to be higher at the right and left muscle power than short distance athletes.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clubhead velocity through regression analysis on the magnitude and time difference of the forward-backward, mediolateral, and vertical ground reaction peak forces generated by force plate during golf swing. Method: 16 subjects (age: 20.5±4.2 yrs, height: 176.0±5.4 cm, weight: 77.8±5.9 kg, handy: 2.4±1.7) who is elite golf player in high school and university, participated in this study. The study method adopted three-dimensional analysis with 8 cameras and ground reaction force measurement with two force plate. The analysis variables were clubhead velocity, and ground reaction analysis variables set four events in each graph based on the peak forces commonly generated in Fx, Fy, and Fz graphs of the ground reaction data during the golf swing. Results: As a result of analyzing the influence of ground reaction magnitude difference on clubhead velocity, the influence on clubhead velocity was ym4, zm1, xm4, zm2. The larger ym4, xm4, zm1, the fasterthe clubhead velocity, but the smallerthe zm2, the faster the clubhead velocity. And in time difference, the influence on the clubhead velocity was in the order of xt4, zt1, zt3. The shorter xt4, zt1, zt3 showed faster clubhead velocity. Conclusion: The leftfoot played a leading role in increasing the velocity of the clubhead. Although the result was caused by the interaction of the right foot and the left foot during the swing, the role of the left foot is relatively large.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to analyze the muscle activities and the characteristics of muscle recruiting patterns of upper trunk for Ssirum dutguri technique using three top-ranked elite Ssirum players. The EMG technique was used to record muscle activities of both right and left sides of latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and erector spinae. Six surface electrodes were placed on the surface of the selected muscles and one ground electrode was also attached on the back of neck(C7). One video camera was also used to record the Ssirum motion to define 4 events and 3 phases for further analysis. The raw EMG data were filtered with band pass filter (50-400 Hz) to remove artifacts and then low pass filtered (4 Hz) to find the linear envelope which resemble muscle tension curve. This filtered EMG data were normalized to MVIC for the purpose of comparion between the subjects. The results were indicated that each subject with different physical characteristics showed very different muscle activity patterns. Although Ssirum dutguri is considered as foot technique the player grasped opponent's satba(belt) with both hands when they play. Because of this reason, activities of upper trunk muscles were relatively high. However, direct comparison between upper and lower body muscles was not possible due to the lack of the data in present study. Interestingly, all threes subjects showed that erector spinae muscle activity was comparatively higher than those of latissimus dorsi and biceps brachii. This implies to reinforce back muscle as a routine of training to improve performance or to prevent back injury.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.105-117
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• 2021

Purpose : This study examined the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the aerobic exercise capacity of college soccer players. Methods : The subjects of this study were 30 college soccer players. They were divided into a high intensity interval training group combining transcranial direct current stimulation (Group I) and a high intensity interval training group (Group II). Each group had 15 subjects randomly assigned. After receiving general soccer training, each group additionally received high intensity interval training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation and high intensity interval training for 30 minutes 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Their VO₂max and 20 meter shuttle run test, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test were analyzed before the intervention. After 8 weeks of intervention, the above items were re-measured and an intergroup analysis was performed. Results : As a result of comparative analysis of VO₂max intake between groups, 20 meter shuttle run test and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, a statistically significant difference was found. The high intensity interval training group (Group I) combined with transcranial direct current stimulation showed a significant difference in aerobic exercise capacity compared to the high intensity interval training group (Group II). Conclusion : These results showed that high intensity interval training group combined with transcranial direct current stimulation was more effective for aerobic exercise. Based on this study, this study proposes an effective program for patients as well as elite athletes. In the future, it is necessary to develop an effective transcranial direct current stimulation program and to study how to apply it for various patients.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

This study was aimed at investigating the activities of a badminton club and designing smart wear to prevent sports injuries during badminton club activities. Everyone is familiar with sports in an aging society and clubs are gradually developing. Popular badminton club activities lead to frequent sports injuries, especially ankle injuries, which are a serious problem that hampers members' participation in sports. Therefore, this study aims to propose a prototype design for smart wear to prevent sports injuries, including ankle injuries. First, we identified the characteristics and considerations of members of badminton clubs, and the components of smart wear to prevent sports injuries. Second, members of the badminton clubs and an elite badminton player participated in a survey on the issues and requirements associated with wearing smart wear. Third, usage scenarios for smart wear were created based on literature reviews and the user assessment lists. Fourth, a prototype of the smart wear to prevent sports injuries including ankle injuries was created based on the scenarios. With the proposed smart wear, members of badminton clubs who may require assistance with sports injuries will be able to monitor said injuries, as well as their health condition, as avatars in visual games through a smart terminal. The visual game system will provide easier access to information about sports injuries and health. This smart sportswear will allow members of badminton clubs to prevent sports injuries and review their performance. This study can be utilized to design smart wear to prevent sports injuries and monitor sporting activities or bio-signals.