• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2016

Two-dimensional elastoplastic finite element formulation is employed to investigate the load- carrying capacity degradation of reinforced concrete piers wrapped with steel plates due to occurrence of corrosion at the pier base. By comparing with experimental results, the employed finite element analysis method is verified to be accurate. After that, a series of parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effect of corrosion ratio and corrosion mode of steel plates located near the base of in-service pier P2 on load-carrying capacity of the piers. It is observed that the load-carrying capacity of the piers decreases with the increase in corrosion ratio of steel plates. There exists an obvious linear relationship between the load-carrying capacity and the corrosion ratio in the case of even corrosion mode. The degradation of load-carrying capacity resulted from the web's uneven corrosion mode is more serious than that under even corrosion mode, and the former case is more liable to occur than the latter case in actual engineering application. Finally, the failure modes of the piers under different corrosion state are discussed. It is found that the principal tensile strain of concrete and yield range of steel plates are distributed within a wide range in the case of slight corrosion, and they are concentrated on the column base when complete corrosion occurs. The findings obtained from the present study can provide a useful reference for the maintenance and strengthening of the in-service piers.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2019

오늘날 대부분의 자동차는 전자제어를 통하여 엔진의 상태를 제어하여 최적의 성능을 얻을 수 있도록 하고 있다. 본 연구는 캔통신을 이용하여 자동차의 엔진의 정보를 운전자에게 실시간으로 화면에 표시하여 고장진단과 최적의 자동차 상태를 유지하는 장치를 개발하였다. 이 시스템은 엔진에서 발생되는 정보를 OBD2 소켓을 통하여 엔진의 흡배기온도, 현재 배터리 전압, 타이어 공기압, RPM, DPF 포집량, 토크, 마력 등의 정보를 실시간으로 운전자에게 표시하여 운전자가 차량의 상태를 즉시 확인이 가능하다. 타이어의 공기압을 측정하여 화면에 표시하여 안전운행에 도움을 줄 수 있으며, 자신의 취향에 맞도록 변속타이밍을 설정할 수 있는 모드를 제공한다. 특히 디젤엔진 자동차의 경우 매연으로 인한 문제는 자동차 성능과 환경오염에 악영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 시스템 화면에 DPF 포집량을 표시하여 환경오염 방지와 효율적인 자동차 관리를 할 수 있도록 시스템을 개발하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

Arsenic which is found in several different chemical forms and oxidation states and causes acute and chronic adverse health effects is a toxic trace element widely distributed in soils and aquifers from both geologic and anthropogenic sources. Arsenic which has a mysterious ability to change color, behavior, reactivity, and toxicity has diverse chemical behavior in the natural environment. Arsenic which has stronger ability to readily change oxidation state than nitrogen and phosphorus due to a consequence of the electronic configuration of its valence orbitals with partially filled states capable of both electron donation and acceptance although the electronegativity of arsenic is greater than that of nitrogen and similar to that of phosphorus. Arsenate (V) is the thermodynamically stable form of As under aerobic condition and interacts strongly with solid matrix. However, it has been known that adsorption and oxidation reactions of arsenite (III) which is more soluble and mobile than As(V) in soils are two important factors affecting the fate and transport of arsenic in the environment. That is, the movement of As in soils and aquifers is highly dependent on the adsorption-desorption reactions in the solid phase. This article, however, focuses primarily on understanding the fate and speciation of As in soils and what fate arsenic will have after it is incorporated into soils.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2003

$Ni_{0.65}Zn_{0.35}Fe_2O_4$thin films were prepared by using a sol-gel method. Their crystallographic, dielectric and magnetic properties were investigated as a function of Cu contents by means of an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray reflectivity, LCZ meter (NF2232), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and an atomic force microscope (AFM). From typical C-V measurements for $Ni_{0.65}Zn_{0.35}Fe_2O_4$ thin films on p-type silicon substrate, the surface charge density was calculated as 1.4 ${\mu}$C/$m^2$. The dielectric constant evaluated from the capacitance at the accumulation state was 28. The high $H_{c}$ and low $M_{sat}$ at x=0.0 and 0.1 were due to the growth of the ${\alpha}$-$Fe_2O_3$ phase having antiferromagnetic properties. The rapidly decreased $H_{c}$ and increased $M_{sat}$ at x=0.2 and 0.3 can be explained that the ${\alpha}$-$Fe_2O_3$ phases have completely disappeared at x=0.3 and so, non-magnetic defects are minimized. The $M_{sat}$ was slightly decreased and the $H_{c}$ was increased above at x=0.3 because the increase of grain boundary due to smaller grain size acts as defects during magnetization process.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2004

성장 잠재력에도 불구하고 많은 B2B 시장은 참여업체 수의 부족으로 운영의 어려움을 겪고 있다. 따라서 어떠한 방법을 통해 충분한 숫자의 기업들을 시장에 참여하도록 유도할 것인가가 B2B 시장의 성공을 위한 주요 요인 중의 하나로 인식되고 있다. 본 논문은 MRO 시장을 대상으로 공급업체들을 구매자 중심의 전용시장 (Private Exchanges) 에 참여하게 만드는 요인들이 어떤 것인지를 규명해 보는 것을 주요 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 EDI 채택에 관한 선행연구와 실무자들과의 면접에 기초하여 실험대상 요인들을 추출하였다. 불완전한 계약 이론(Incomplete contract theory)에 기초하여 가설의 설정과 검증을 하였으며, 분석 결과 시장에 참여할 것으로 기대되는 공급업자들의 수와 시장 참여의 대가로 주어질 보상의 유무가 B2B시장의 참여에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 요인으로 나타났다. 한편 구매업자에 대한 신뢰는 유의한 요인으로 드러나지 않아 공급업자들은 기존의 구매업자와의 신뢰관계가 B2B 시장에서는 중요하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2014

A spherical $Sr_4Al_{14}O_{25}:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor for use in white-light-emitting diodes was synthesized using a liquid-state reaction with two precipitation stages. For the formation of phosphor from a precursor, the calcination temperature was $1,100^{\circ}C$. The particle morphology of the phosphor was changed by controlling the processing conditions. The synthesized phosphor particles were spherical with a narrow size-distribution and had mono-dispersity. Upon excitation at 395 nm, the phosphor exhibited an emission band centered at 497 nm, corresponding to the $4f^65d{\rightarrow}4f^7$ electronic transitions of $Eu^{2+}$. The critical quenching-concentration of $Eu^{2+}$ in the synthesized $Sr_4Al_{14}O_{25}:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor was 5 mol%. A phosphor-converted LED was fabricated by the combination of the optimized spherical phosphor and a near-UV 390 nm LED chip. When this pc-LED was operated under various forward-bias currents at room temperature, the pc-LED exhibited a bright blue-green emission band, and high color-stability against changes in input power. Accordingly, the prepared spherical phosphor appears to be an excellent candidate for white LED applications.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2011

Recently, the performances of speed and accuracy are enhanced in machine tools. The high speed of the machine tools usually causes harmful thermal displacements on the objects. To reduce the thermal displacements, machine tools generally adopt oil coolers with precise temperature control function. This study aims at precise control of oil outlet temperature in the oil coolers with hot-gas bypass manner based on PI control logic. The control system was designed for obtaining steady state error within ${\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$ and maximum overshoot with 0.8% even though abrupt disturbances are added to the system. We showed that the PI gains could be easily decided by numerical simulations using practical transfer function which got experiments. Also, transient characteristics could be improved significantly by reflecting the inlet temperature of an evaporator to the output of a controller feedforwardly considering periodic abrupt disturbances. Through some experiments, excellent control performances were established by the suggested control.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.566-570
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• 2015

$Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5}TiO_3$ (BNT) based ceramics are considered potential lead-free alternatives for $Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3$(PZT) based ceramics in various applications such as sensors, actuators and transducers. However, BNT-based ceramics have lower electromechanical performance as compared with PZT based ceramics. Therefore, in this work, lead-free bulk $0.99[(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})_{0.935}Ba_{0.065}]_{(1-x)}La_xTiO_3-0.01SrZO_3$ (BNBTLax-SZ, with x = 0, 0.01, 0.02) ceramics were synthesized by a conventional solid state reaction The crystal structure, dielectric response, degree of diffuseness and electric-field-induced strain properties were investigated as a function of different La concentrations. All samples were crystallized into a single phase perovskite structure. The temperature dependent dielectric response of La-modified BNBT-SZ ceramics showed lower dielectric response and improved field-induced strain response. The field induced strain increased from 0.17%_for pure BNBT-SZ to 0.38 % for 1 mol.% La-modified BNBT-SZ ceramics at an applied electric field of 6 kV/mm. These results show that La-modified BNBT-SZ ceramic system is expected to be a new candidate material for lead-free electronic devices.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2016

비만을 치료하기 위해 다양한 비만 치료기가 개발되어 왔으며, 초음파는 온열 및 진동작용으로 지방이 분해가 되기 쉬운 상태로 변하게 만든 후 혈액 및 림프액의 흐름을 촉진시켜 혈액으로 지방산 배출이 될 수 있도록 한다. 이러한 초음파 비만 치료기에 트랜스듀서 어레이가 사용되는데 트랜스듀서 어레이의 집속각도와 주파수는 지방을 분해하는데 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 트랜스듀서 어레이의 주파수를 설정하기 위해 27kHz, 1MHz, 3MHz의 주파수에 직경 5mm, 10mm, 16mm의 트랜스 듀서를 적용하여 파장과 근위장을 구하여 설정온도에 가장 짧은 시간에 도달하는 주파수를 설정하고, 3개 면이 닿는 트랜스듀서의 집속 각도를 설정하였다. 결과적으로 3MHz 주파수 일 때 설정온도에 도달하는 시간이 짧았으며, 집속각도는 $40^{\circ}$가 적정하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2045-2049
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• 2018

An antenna arrays for a satellite navigation systems require more antenna elements to mitigate multiple jamming signals. In order to maintain the small array size while increasing the number of antenna elements, miniaturization technique is essential for antenna design. In this work, an electrically small circular microstrip patch antenna with a 3 dB hybrid coupler is designed as an element antenna, where the 3 dB hybrid coupler can yield the circularly polarized radiation characteristic. The miniaturized element antenna typically has too large capacitance in GPS L1 and GLONASS G1 bands, making it difficult to match with a single stand-alone non-Foster matching circuit (NFMC) in a stable state. Therefore, we propose a new matching technique, referred to as the hybrid matching method, which consists of a NFMC and a passive circuit. This passive tuning circuit manages reactance of antenna elements at an appropriate capacitance without a pole in the operating frequency range. The antenna array is fabricated, and the measured results show a reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB and an isolation of greater than 50 dB. In addition, peak gain of the proposed antenna is increased by 22.3 dB compared to the antenna without the hybrid matching network.