• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2015

Online or e-banking has been adopted as key banking innovation in Uganda adopted by all financial institutions in the country. This research explored the state of e-banking and its efficacy in Uganda banking industry. A correlation analysis approach was adopted for this research. In Uganda, the banking sector has been liberalized with telecommunications allowed to effect e-banking and ecommerce transactions. The study concentrated on the periods of years 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. Findings from this research revealed that BOU uses UNISS for real time gross settlement (RTGS). Since its adoption a +1 coefficient correlation was realized. With the use of mobile money, also a +1 coefficient correlation was achieved for the period under consideration. As regards the use of e-cheques, there was a drop reflected by -2.8 percent which could have been attributed to perception of the users, though there was a +1 coefficient correlation when considering e-cheque transactions and the monetary value. The use of EFT in Uganda generated a +1 coefficient correction considering the number of users and the monetary value involved. Bank of Uganda should work hard and make or go live with electronic banking supervision software which would aid them with their supervisory roles.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.15
• /
• pp.59-87
• /
• 2001

In recent years electronic fund transfers covered by the Electronic Fund Transfer Act 1978 for consumer protection and the Article 4A of Uniform Commercial Code(U.C.C.) 1989 for wholesale electronic payments in United States. Electronic fund transfers carried out by use of a wire transfer network, automated clearing house, or other communication system of a clearing house or other association of banks such as direct deposit, Fedwire, automated teller machine, point-of-sale, and credit card transactions have been increasingly common in consumer transactions and wholesale transactions. Especially, the Article 4A of U.C.C. governs the rights and obligations associated with transactions such as an issue and acceptance of payment order, execution of sender's payment order by receiving bank, and payment. These legal frameworks in connection with electronic fund transfers in United States can play a leading role in establishing model not only within the United States, but also as a basis for developments of electronic commerce law in Korea including other countries.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.08a
• /
• pp.736-740
• /
• 2004

In order to overcome the problems of simulation methods, the power system transient stability assessment method using critical fault clearing time functions has been developed. Using the above method, this paper has developed the new method which can assess accurately and efficiently the effects of control and protection systems on transient stability which is the most important characteristic to assess in power systems. At first, critical fault clearing time functions CCT(W:load) are defined by taking notice of the fact that transient stability is mainly controlled by fault clearing time and load. Next, the method to be enable to assess accurately and efficiently the effects of control and protection systems on transient stability has been newly developed by using the above functions. Finally, it has been applied to the effect assessment in the occurrence of a three-phase fault in a model power system. Results of application have been clarified its effectiveness.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2003.07a
• /
• pp.363-365
• /
• 2003

Recently, the concern of power qualiaty problem is increasing. Especially, Voltage quality problem have been increased important problem. Electronic device was affected by voltage sag. So, sensitive load that included many electronic Device was affected by voltage sag. also, it may have economic loss. In this paper, we argue the coordination scheme considering the loss of sensitive load. The coordination device of distribution system for instaneous fault is recloser and sectionalizer, But, the fault clearing time of recloser is more than 2 seconds. So, voltage sag generates long time that affected sensitive load. HS(high speed switchgear) has fast fault clearing time(0.015s) that not affected sensitive load. Therefore, the coordination applied HS is used. The proposed schemes are proved and evaluated by a case study using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.1450-1458
• /
• 2018

Commutation failures can deteriorate the availability of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links and may lead to outage of the HVDC system. Most commutation failures are caused by voltage reduction due to ac system faults on inverter side. The commutation failure process can be divided into two stages. The first stage, from the occurrence to the clearing of faults, is called 'Deterioration Stage'. The second stage, from the faults clearing to restoring the power system stability, is called 'Recovery Stage'. Based on the analysis of the commutation failure process, this paper proposes a direct-current fuzzy controller including prevention and recovery controller. The prevention controller reduces the direct current to prevent Commutation failures in the 'Deterioration Stage' according to the variation of ac voltage. The recovery controller magnifies the direct current to speed up the recovery of power system in the 'Recovery Stage', based on the recovery of direct voltage. The validity of this proposed fuzzy controller is further proved by simulation with CIGRE HVDC benchmark model in PSCAD/EMTDC. The results show the commutation failures can be mitigated by the proposed direct-current fuzzy controller.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2003

Generator for wind power can be either synchronous or asynchronous (induction) types. Induction and synchronous generators behave in a different way when subjected to severe faults. Induction generators does not have an angle stability limit and short circuit in the neighborhood of an Induction generator causes the demagnetization of the machine when the fault is cleared, the voltage raises slowly, while the grid contributes with reactive power to the generator and the magnetic flux recovers. On the other hand in the synchronous generators the recovery of the voltage is immediate, since the excitation of the rotor angle comes from an independent circuit. This paper shows the result of the transient state analysis in the network connected to wind generation system Several case studies have been conducted to determine the effect of the clearing time of a fault on the network stability. It has been found that the critical clearing time can be as low as 61ms in the case of induction generator compared to 370ms in the case of synchronous generator.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 2003

This study deals with controversial issues surrounding the today′s cyber-taxation and recommends feasible consumption tax system architecture titled Global Electronic Tax Invoice System (GETI). The GETI is an electronic consumption tax architecture to provide "all-in-one" tax and e-payment services through a trusted third party (TTP). GETI is designed to streamline the overall cyber-taxation process and provide simplified and transparent tax invoice services through an authorized np. To ensure information security, GETI incorporates public Key infrastructure (PKI) based digital certificates and other data encryption schemes when calculating, reporting, paying, and auditing tax in the electronic commerce environment. GETI is based on the OECD cyber-taxation agreement that was reached in January 2001, which established the taxation model for B2B and B2C electronic commerce transactions. For the value added tax systems, tax invoice is indispensable to commerce activities, since they provide documentations to prove the validity of commercial transactions. As paper-based tax invoice systems are gradually phased out and are replaced with electronic tax invoice systems, there is an increasing need to develop a reliable, efficient, transparent, and secured cyber-taxation architecture. To design such architecture, several desirable system attributes were considered -- reliability, efficiency, transparency, and security. GETI was developed with these system attributes in mind.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
• /
• 2007.06a
• /
• pp.281-286
• /
• 2007

Road traffic accidents kill more than one million people a year. ESCC represents a new device, that hasn't any analogue. This embedded system, heats the car glasses, when it's needed, that makes more safety driving. It's build on Atmega128L CPU, using high-performance EEPROM CPLD ATF1504AS. Source code was written in C language. Algorithm of work was written by dew-point table. This system is not only clearing the glass from condensation, but averts condensation. ESCC began working, when input information became close to dew-point table information. Thankful this device, field of view is more widely, that increase safety level.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.139-154
• /
• 2008

This research want to discuss some issues about payment system of America. This research focuses on comparing ACH with Fedwire. Firstly Fedwire is the payment system for only large-dollar transfer(Large-Value Transfer System; LVTS), while ACH(Automated Clearing House)payment mainly applies a consumer account. Secondly ACH transaction is either credit or debit transfer, while Fedwire is only credit transfer. Thirdly the communication system of Fedwire has twoway method, telephonelike communication network, but ACH is oneway store and forward electronic mail. At present LVTS divides into RTGS(Real-Time Gross Settlement) and DNS(Deferred Net Settlement). However Fedwire uses either RTGS(instantaneous for every transaction) or DNS(net net transaction) but ACH uses only DNS(net net transaction). Fourthly ACH is substantially cheaper than the Fedwire payment. lastly security is important in both Fedwire and ACH, it is even more crucial in Fedwire In addition, for each transaction, Fedwire may entail individual instantaneous confirmation to the originator and notification to the receiver, whereas ACH do not.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.28-38
• /
• 1998

This paper describes difficulties for the producer's distribution and the user's acquisition of the spatial data because the circulation of them is complicated according to its kind in Korea. The way to overcome these difficulties would be to develop the clearing house system to incorporate GIS technology on Internet. This research proposes the problem statement, the architecture, and the operating environment of the system. The system contains the functions such as metadata generation, metadata registration, metadata version management, catalogue creation and update, reports generation, forms processing, metadata search, payments, GIS information pool, and spatial data browsing.