• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.3-22
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• 2008

As information technology has a great impacts on contemporary business environment, global electronic trade is becoming a new paradigm in international trade transaction. The internet provides a fundamentally different environment for international marketing and trade, it also requires a different approach to international business. Now it is unrealistic to apply the same marketing strategies under global environment without making some modifications to be appropriate to the electronic edge. This paper attempts to investigate what kinds of factors influence the level of electronic trade utilization and performance, and suggests some strategies for usage of electronic trade for small-medium enterprises in Korea. According to the results of this research, the usage of electronic trade by small-medium enterprises is fundamentally important for the diffusion of electronic trade. Therefore it is suggested that the government needs to support small-medium enterprises by financing them to have system for electronic trade.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to subdivide trade transaction-centered structure in a logistics/distribution industry system to apply blockchain, to establish and resolve with which types of technology, and to provide policy direction of government institution and technology to apply blockchain in this kind of industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted with previous researches centered on cases applied in various industry sectors on the basis of blockchain technology. Results - General fields of blockchain application include digital contents distribution, IoT platform, e-Commerce, real-estate transaction, decentralized app. development(storage), certification service, smart contract, P2P network infrastructure, publication/storage of public documents, smart voting, money exchange, payment/settlement, banking security platform, actual asset storage, stock transaction and crowd funding. Blockchain is being applied in various fields home and abroad and its application cases can be explained in the banking industry, public sector, e-Commerce, medical industry, distribution and supply chain management, copyright protection. As examined in the blockchain application cases, it is expected to establish blockchain that can secure safety through distributed ledger in trade transaction because blockchain is established and applied in various sectors of industries home and abroad. Parties concerned of trade transaction can secure visibility even in interrupted specific section when they provide it as a base for distributed ledger application in trade and establish trade transaction model by applying blockchain. In case of interrupted specific section by using distributed ledger, blockchain model of trade transaction needs to be formed to make it possible for parties concerned involved in trade transaction to secure visibility and real-time tracking. Additionally, management should be possible from the time of contract until payment, freight transfer to buyers through land, air and maritime transportation. Conclusions - In order to boost blockchain-based logistics/distribution industry, the government, institutionally, needs to back up adding legal plan of shipping, logistics and distribution, reviewing standardization of electronic switching system and coming up with blockchain-based industrial road maps. In addition, the government, technologically, has to support R&D for integration with other high technology, standardization of distribution industry's blockchain technology and manpower training to expand technology development.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• v.4B no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2004

Metal halide lamps have been made suitable for use in outdoor illumination systems over many years. They are also widely used in application and commercial lighting due to their attracting properties such as good quality color, rendering and high efficiency. Over the past few years, a considerable number of studies have been conducted on the electronic ballast with hot restarting and resonance phenomenon. However, very few attempts have been made at the adaptive ignition method according to lamp state. This paper proposes an electronic ballast for metal halide lamps with an igniter for adaptive ignition. The proposed electronic ballast can generate different ignition voltages according to the arc tube state. The experimental results showed that the proposed ballast circuit using adaptive igniter is suitable for 70W HQI lamps.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

China has recently (28 August 2004) adopted a new act legalizing the electronic signature. This new act provides electronic signatures with the same legal status as handwritten signatures, and states that on-line certification providers will have to be created in order to ensure the security of on-line operations made using said signatures. This new act is intended to increase Chinese electronic business, and thus to raise the revenue China can expect from said business. And the law grants electronic signatures the same legal effect as handwritten signatures and seals in business transactions, and sets up the market access system for online certification providers to ensure the security of e-commerce. As Internet trade requires a reliable third party to identify the signers, the credibility of online certifying organizations is significant for the transaction security. So, considering the weakness of China's social credibility system, the law regulates that the online signatures certification providers should be approved and administered by governments.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 1998

A major effect of electronic commerce on the Internet is that it reduces transaction costs and creates an efficient market. Thus, an information strategy for developing of regional economy must be changed toward 21st century of electronic commerce era. In this paper, we present an information strategy for activating the electronic commerce of regional small and medium-sized business organizations. The paper stresses creation of a network organization comprising local government, regional business organizations, universities, research institutes, and citizens' coalitions as groups of organizational actors. Necessary conditions of a successful network organization in electronic commerce are to build the public key infrastructure for developing the trust of transactions among partners, and to create an information center to manage a web of partners. In the network organization, the information center must play critical roles as a creator of value and the certification authority in order to issue and manage participants' electronic certificates.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.37-55
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• 1998

This study describes the works on development of a scenario-based WBT system of electronic commerce to introduce and activate electronic commerce in our society because it is mostly required to correctly understand electronic commerce and timely educate its users and technicians for entering into global electronic commerce that binds every commercial area regardless of the borders and nationalities. This system, WBT(Web - Based Training of Electronic commerce), consists of two parts. The one part provides a general concept of EC. This is developed to meet the needs of beginner for EC. The other is a simulator for cyber shopping mall. It is designed for teaching how to shop at cyber shopping mall based on various scenarios. In addition, we can simulate ourselves for EDI, which enables trading partners to conduct routine business transaction, such as purchase orders, invoices and shopping notices with it. Our commitment to the development of this application is consistent with the objectives of being easy to learn electronic commerce and its applications in real world.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

The proliferation of distributed power sources such as renewable energy sources drives the changes of consumers to prosumers who actively want to deal with energy. The prosumer is a new type of consumer that can sell surplus energy or additionally generated energy to electric power companies, other energy service providers, or other consumers. To implement such a concept, a new technology and platform that can support the transaction of the prosumers are required. However, the study in the area is limited since it is in the early stage. This work examines the state-of-the-art transaction-based energy management technology through comparative analysis of representative technologies to show the future trends. Although, technologies and standards for transaction based energy are not much matured yet. related new research will be continued via competitions.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.157-171
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• 2002

The evolution of transaction-based business model is upon us. The business models of many e-Marketplace in their early stages have typically been based on transaction fees. Many e-Marketplaces have even called out transaction revenues as a core element of their business plans. The transaction business represents the most simple of business models, but it does not provide a long-term sustain able advantage. For buyer's convenience, wide selection and test price hold appeal. For suppliers, the extended global market reach and direct access to customers and consortiums of customers is powerful. To maxmize leverage of these new e-marketplace, you must from both a buyer perspective as well as a supplier perspective. Also required is a strategy that takes in account all of the various e-Marketplace transaction standards and one that allows the easy accomodation to new e-marketplace as the market change. These new e-marketplace will need to be factored into the sales channel strategies. To be successful, integration with these e-marketplaces should occur at a complete business process level. This study explored independent and industry-backed current and future business models that are emerging in the B2B electronic market industry, as well as value -added service models for the Net market maker industry. E-Marketplaces will evolve into digital work environments in which real industry collaboration can occur.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.195-212
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• 2005

International trade has been changed from traditional trade to e-trade due to the fast expanding of information technology like e-marketplace, EDI (Electronic data interchange) using Internet since mid of 1990's. e-Trade, as a new trade method, could handle every trade procedure such as market research, contract, customs clearance, logistics and payment using IT like internet without restriction of time and space. The evolution of transaction-based business model is upon us. The business models of many e-Marketplace in their early stages have typically been based on transaction fees. Many e-Marketplaces have even called out transaction revenues as a core element of their business plans. The transaction business represents the most simple of business models, but it does not provide a long-term sustain able advantage. For buyer's convenience, wide selection and test price hold appeal. For suppliers, the extended global market reach and direct access to customers and consortiums of customers is powerful. To maximize leverage of these new e-marketplace, you must from both a buyer perspective as well as a supplier perspective. Also required is a strategy that takes in account all of the various e-Marketplace transaction standards and one that allows the easy accomodation to new e-marketplace as the market change. These new e-marketplace will need to be factored into the sales channel strategies. To be successful, integration with these e-marketplaces should occur at a complete business process level. This study would suggest on the role of buyers and sellers for e-trade which could maximize effect of e-trade in order to cope with rapid changing IT environment and global trade environment. Therefore, this study suggests top priority tasks for implementing on the specialization strategy of e-trade process.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-45
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• 2004

As electronic commerce establishes itself as a viable and competitive channel, this research compares the attractiveness of online and offline purchase from a transaction cost perspective. In the process, we propose a framework that integrates transaction cost with purchase decision process and product type. Specifically, the paper proposes and tests hypotheses regarding the difference between online and offline channels with respect to the transaction costs incurred in each stage of the purchase decision process. These differences are further compared across different product types categorized according to the FCB Grid. A total of 24 hypotheses were tested by conducting a questionnaire survey on university students. The results showed that 19 out of 24 hypotheses were supported. Following a detailed presentation of the analysis results, the paper concludes by discussing the academic and managerial implications of the findings.