• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.34 no.11
• /
• pp.3211-3217
• /
• 2013

Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations have been employed to investigate the molecular structures and absorption spectra of three D-${\pi}$-A-type organic dyes (C1-1, D5 and TH208) containing identical ${\pi}$-spacers and electron acceptors, but different aromatic amine electron-donating groups (tetrahydroquinoline, triphenylamine and phenothiazine). The coplanar geometries indicate that the strong conjugation is formed in the dyes. The electronic structures suggest that the intramolecular charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor occurs, and the electron-donating ability of tetrahydroquinoline is stronger than those of triphenylamine and phenothiazine. The computed orbital energy levels of these dyes confirm that the electrons could be injected from the excited dyes to the semiconductor conduction band and the oxidized dyes could be reduced effectively by electrolyte. The TD-DFT results show that the CAM-B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p) is suitable for calculating the absorption spectra. The first absorption band for these dyes is assigned to the HOMO${\rightarrow}$LUMO and HOMO-1${\rightarrow}$LUMO transitions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.484-490
• /
• 2004

The present study was conducted to investigate extraction characteristics and antioxidative activity of Schiznadra chinensis extracts. Schiznadra chinensis was extracted by reflux extraction(RE) under different extraction conditions including solvent. The solid yield, turbidity, color value, titratable acidity, free sugar contents, electron donating ability(EDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like ability of Schiznadra chinensis extracts were determined. The highest solid yield value was obtained with water of 10 fold. No significant difference in turbidity and color value were found among the extracts prepared with various extraction solvents, 75% ethanol, 50% ethanol and water. The highest titratable acidity was obtained with water extracts of Schiznadra chinensis. The free sugar contents of Schiznadra chinensis extracted with water showed the highest value. Schiznadra chinensis extracts with water included higher contents of free sugar compared with those of the other solvent extracts,50% ethanol and 75% ethanol extracts. The total polyphenol compound content of Schiznadra chinensis extracted with 50% ethanol showed the highest value. Schiznadra chinensis extracts with 50% ethanol included higher contents of total polyphenol compound compared with those of the other solvent extracts, water and 75% ethanol extracts. The electron donating ability of extracts were 60.87% in water, 57.24% in 50% ethanol, and 55.61% in 75% ethanol.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological functionality of the hot water, 70% acetone and 70% methanol extracts from the pumpkin. Extraction yield and pH of each solvent extract from various parts of pumpkin were investigated. Extraction yield from flesh were from 63.7% for 70% acetone to 68.2% for hot water. pH of 70% acetone extracts and hot water extracts were 5.01∼5.45 and 5.78∼6.22, respectively, and pH of the flesh part was the highest. The content of soluble solid was the highest in methanol extracts. Flesh part contained the highest concentration of soluble solid. Color of the extracts from fiber was higher than that of other parts. The content of the total sugar was in the decreasing order of flesh, fiber and peel. The content of total polyphenol and flavonoid from each solvent extract of peel was higher than that of other parts. Some differences were observed in physiological functionality of each solvent extracts from various parts of pumpkin. The nitrite scavenging ability of hot water extract from flesh, acetone and methanol extract from fiber and edible portion was higher than other parts. The electron donating ability was the highest in acetone and methanol extracts of peel, methanol extracts of flesh and edible portion, and acetone extracts of fiber.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2005

Objectives : The physiological activities of Coptidis Rhizoma investigated for application as a cosmetic ingredients. Methods : We were experimented anti-oxidation effect, growth inhibition ability on cancer cells, antibacterial activity on various kinds of bacteria of skin. Results : The results were obtained as follows : Electron-donating ability(EDA) shows that Coptidis Rhizoma extracted with ethanol(94.51%) gives higher EDA in comparison to that extracted with water in 1000 ppm(63.24%). In the test of SOD-like activity, ethanol extract showed quite more activity with 81.01% in 1000 ppm, while water extract was low in 18.22%. In the inhibition activity of Xathine oxidase, ethanol extract showed higher inhibition activity compared to water extract. In measuring lipid oxidation inhibition ability using fish oil, ethanol extract in 100 ppm showed prominent ability. In the oxidation inhibition effect added with $Cu^{2+}\;ion\;and\;Fe^{2+}$ ion as a oxidation promoter, ethanol extract in 1000 ppm, each in the proportion of 90% and 92%, showed high oxidation inhibition effect compared with water extract. Conclusions : The results indicated that, ethanol extract which is superior in its anti-oxidation and antibacterial effect is useful to be applied in cosmetic industry.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.701-704
• /
• 1999

Metallophthalocyanines [PcM, Pc: phthalocyanine, M: Fe 2+ , Co 2+ ] were reacted with α-isocyanonaphthalene( α-in) and α-isocyanoanthracene (α-ia) to form monomeric complexes. The synthesis and coordination behaviour of the isocyanides as a ligand (L) are discussed. All the products were characterized by spectroscopic methods and instrumental analysis. The electrical conductivities of these complexes, which were not treated with dopant, were attributed to the metal-ligand electron delocalization in the PcML2 complexes. The complexes have an enlarged macrocycle where the π-electron back donating ability of PcM is stronger than the σ-electron coordinating ability of the isonitrile ligands. Their electrical conductivities were measured as σRT = 2.1×10 -9 ~3×10 -10 S/cm. Also thermal stability was investigated in this study.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.155-162
• /
• 1997

This work was designed to determine the effect of steaming-Pretreatment on Physicochemical and functional properties of roasted Polygonatum odoratum roots. Steaming treatments led to some reduction in the contents of water solubles, such as total solid, reducing sugar and free-amino nitrogen of the unroasted samples. Moreover, roasting processing caused decrease in reducing sugar and free-amino acid, with increase in total soluble solid and browning color of the samples, which showed the dependence of steaming treatment as well as roasting temperature. Electron-donating ability and nitrite-scavenging ratio of the samples were also highly developed along with roasting processing at 17$0^{\circ}C$ within 35min. Considering the physicochemical and some functional parameters of water extracts of roasted samples, roasting at above 14$0^{\circ}C$ for over 55min or at 17$0^{\circ}C$ for around 35min was recommendable for the higher quality of Polygonatum odoritum tea, which conditions were similarly adapted for both steamed and unsteamed samples.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2011

The composition analysis and electron donating activity of 4 kinds of Korean wild sannamuls[Cacalia firma Komar. (CFK), Aster scaber Thunb. (AST), Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz. (LFT), Synurus palmatopinnatifidus (Makino) Kitam., SDN)] were investigated. The Korean edible mountainous vegetable was named a sannamul or chwinamul in Korea, generally. Most of them, the characterization of the each vegetable was reported, individually without comparative research. This study was compared the proximate compositions, mineral, dietary fiber and electron donating abilities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of sannamuls. In the chemical analysis of sannamuls, CFK was shown higher value in ash ($5.4{\pm}0.18%$), crude fat ($2.5 {\pm}0.14%$), carbohydrate ($8.1{\pm}0.21%$), potassium ($475.45{\pm}0.34mg$) and magnesium ($64.70{\pm}0.48mg$) than others. Each mineral of the 3 other samples was a similar value but phosphorus in LFT was contained $62.91{\pm}0.43%$. The compositions of total dietary fiber of the samples were listed CFK LFT SDN AST and the $RC_{50}$ Value on DPPH radicals, LFK CFT AST SDN. These results have susggest that CFK and LFT may be useful for a funtional material to food development.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.598-604
• /
• 2010

Electron donating ability (EDA), reducing power, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, antimicrobial activity, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effects of twenty-two sorghum varieties were examined using ethanol extracts (70%, v/v). The electron donationg abilities (EDA) of Mesusu and Bulgeunjangmoksusu (94% at 10 ${\mu}g$/mL) indicated higher antioxidant activity compared to those of other varieties and standard antioxidants such as BHT (13%) and BHA (74%). The reducing power of Mesusu ($OD_{700}$=0.71) suggested higher antioxidant activity, which was dependent on sample concentration. Bitjarususu showed the highest content of total phenolics (22.9 mg GAE/g); however, extracts from Heuinsusu exhibited the lowest content of total phenolics (16.4 mg GAE/g). Jangmoksusu showed the highest total flavonolic contents (3.5 mg QE/g), and Sigyeongsusu and Chal (GS) susu displayed the most antibacterial activity (MIC=8 ${\mu}g$/mL) against Escherichia coli. Extracts of Bulgeunjangmoksusu, Moktaksusu, and Ginjangmoksusu showed the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect (98%) at the concentration of 5 ${\mu}g$/mL.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.174-179
• /
• 2009

Biological functionality of nineteen commercially available carbonated vinegar liquors including wood vinegar liquor (WVL), bamboo vinegar liquor (BVL) and chaff vinegar liquor (CVL) were evaluated, focusing mainly on electron donating ability to DPPH radical, reducing power against ferricyanide ($Fe^{3+}$), blockading ability to linoleic acid autoxidation and NO production from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells plus cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that crude carbonated vinegar liquors, regardless of their source materials, have high capacity of antioxidation such as electron donating ability, reducing power, blockading ability to lipid peroxidation and NO production, as well as cell cytotoxicity. Refined carbonated vinegar liquors for skin care or bath showed significantly low cell cytotoxicity, however, overall antioxidant potencies were also low. Especially, these carbonated vinegar liquors revealed low levels of inhibition for NO production deeply involved in inflammation. Among nineteen carbonated vinegar liquors examined, chaff vinegar liquor was observed to be the most potent carbonated vinegar liquor with high antioxidant activities together with low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2001

The water and methanol extract were obtained from fruit body of 8 kind of edible mushrooms. The antibacterial activity of extracts on the growth of pathogenic bacteria(Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli O 157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium) was determined. Methanol fraction of Gyrophora esculenta showed excellent antibacterial activity alai t 5 strains of pathogenic bacteria. The 80% methanol extract of Gyrophora esculenta and Phelinus were fractionated with diethylether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The diethylether, ethyl acetate and butanol fractiorl of Gyrophora esculenta had excellent antibacterial activity and ethyl acetate and butanol fraction of Phellinus linteus had weak antibacterial activity against 5 strains of pathogenic bacteria. Electron donating ability of each fraction of Gyrophora esculenta was increased in order of ethylacetate, chloroform, butanol, diethylether and water. Nitrite scavenging ability was observed in ethyl acetate fraction of Gyrophora esculenta and other fractions showed no activities.