• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.585-590
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• 2014

Microstructural evolution in the thickness direction of an oxygen free copper processed by accumulative rollbonding (ARB) is investigated by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) measurement. For the ARB, two copper alloy sheets 1 mm thick, 30 mm wide and 300 mm long are first degreased and wire-brushed for sound bonding. The sheets are then stacked and roll-bonded by about 50% reduction rolling without lubrication at an ambient temperature. The bonded sheet is then cut to the two pieces of the same dimensions and the same procedure was repeated on the sheets up to eight cycles. The specimen after 1 cycle showed inhomogeneous microstructure in the thickness direction so that the grains near the surface were finer than those near the center. This inhomogeneity decreased with an increasing number of ARB cycles, and the grain sizes of the specimens after 3 cycles were almost identical. In addition, the aspect ratio of the grains decreased with an increasing number of ARB cycles due to the subdivision of the grains by shear deformation. The fraction of grains with high angle grain boundaries also increased with continuing process of the ARB so that it was higher than that of the low angle grain boundaries in specimens after 3 cycles. A discontinuous dynamic recrystallization occurred partially in specimens after 5 cycles.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.432-436
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• 2009

A Cu-Fe-P copper alloy was processed by accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) for ultra grain refinement and high strengthening. Two 1mm thick copper sheets, 30 mm wide and 300 mm long, were first degreased and wire-brushed for sound bonding. The sheets were then stacked on top of each other and roll-bonded by about 50% reduction rolling without lubrication at ambient temperature. The bonded sheet was then cut into two pieces of the same dimensions and the same procedure was repeated for the sheets up to eight cycles. Microstructural evolution of the copper alloy with the number of the ARB cycles was investigated by optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and electron back scatter diffraction(EBSD). The grain size decreased gradually with the number of ARB cycles, and was reduced to 290 nm after eight cycles. The boundaries above 60% of ultrafine grains formed exhibited high angle boundaries above 15 degrees. In addition, the average misorientation angle of ultrafine grains was 30 degrees.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2003

Ceramics of xCaTiO$_3$-(1-x)Li$_{0.5}$Nd$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$(xCT-(1-x)LNT) series have been prepared by the mixed oxide route. Powders were calcined at 110$0^{\circ}C$ ; cylindrical specimens were fired at temperatures in the range 1300-150$0^{\circ}C$. Sintered products were typically 90-95% dense. The microstructures were dominated by angular grains typically 1.3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 3.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Twinning in the microstructures was analysed using Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD). Microwave dielectric properties of xCT-(1-x)LNT at 2.1 GHz ($\varepsilon$$_{r}$, Qxf, and $\tau$r) were 170,3800 GHz and 744 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ for pure CaTiO$_3$ and 80,2000 GHz and -240 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ for LNT. The $\tau$r decreases almost linearly from 744 for pure CaTiO$_3$ to -240 for pure LNT.LNT.T.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2013

The microstructural evolution of AA1050/AA6061 complex aluminum alloy, which is fabricated using an accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process, with the proceeding of ARB, was investigated by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The specimen after one cycle exhibited a deformed structure in which the grains were elongated to the rolling direction for all regions in the thickness direction. With the proceeding of the ARB, the grain became finer; the average grain size of the as received material was $45{\mu}m$; however, it became $6.3{\mu}m$ after one cycle, $1.5{\mu}m$ after three cycles, and $0.95{\mu}m$ after five cycles. The deviation of the grain size distribution of the ARB processed specimens decreased with increasing number of ARB cycles. The volume fraction of the high angle grain boundary also increased with the number of ARB cycles; it was 43.7% after one cycle, 62.7% after three cycles, and 65.6% after five cycles. On the other hand, the texture development was different depending on the regions and the materials. A shear texture component {001}<110> mainly developed in the surface region, while the rolling texture components {011}<211> and {112}<111> developed in the other regions. The difference of the texture between AA1050 and AA6061 was most obvious in the surface region; {001}<110> component mainly developed in AA1050 and {111}<110> component in AA6061.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2016

A roll-bonding process was applied to fabricate an AA1050/AZ91/AA1050 laminate complex sheet. Two AA1050 and one AZ91 magnesium sheets of 2 mm thickness, 30 mm width and 200 mm length were stacked up after surface treatment that included degreasing and wire brushing; material was then reduced to a thickness of 3 mm by one-pass cold rolling. The laminate sheet bonded by the rolling was further reduced to 2 mm in thickness by conventional rolling. The rolling was performed at 623K without lubricant using a 2-high mill with a roll diameter of 210 mm. The rolling speed was 15.9 m/min. The AA1050/AZ91/AA1050 laminate complex sheet fabricated by roll bonding was then annealed at 373~573K for 0.5h. The microstructure of the complex sheets was revealed by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) measurement; the mechanical properties were investigated by tensile testing and hardness testing. The strength of the complex sheet was found to increase by 11 % and the tensile elongation decreased by 7%, compared to those values of the starting material. In addition, the hardness of the AZ91 Mg region was slightly higher than those of the AA1050 regions. Both AA1050 and AZ91 showed a typical deformation structure in which the grains were elongated in the rolling direction; however, the mis-orientation distribution of grain boundaries varied greatly between the two materials.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.1011-1020
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• 2017

본 연구는 실온에서 미처리재와 UNSM처리재, 수소취화재(100 bar, $300^{\circ}C$에서 120 h) 및 이 수소취화재의 UNSM처리재의 스테인리스강 316L 시험편의 재료특성파악을 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 여기서 수소취화재는 기존의 미처리재의 S-N곡선보다 피로강도가 약간 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 수소취화효과는 적게 나타났다. 미처리재에 비해서 UNSM처리재의 피로한도는 약 43.8 % 상승하였고, 수소취화재의 UNSM처리재는 수소취화재보다 약 57.1 % 상승하는 경향을 나타내었다. EBSD에 의한 IQ, IPF 및 KAM 맵에서 UNSM처리 후, 이 처리의 영향을 받는 나노 입자 표면층의 두께는 약 $152{\mu}m$이다. 그러나 세 가지 맵에서 수소취화의 깊이 영향을 정량적으로 평가할 수 없었다. 시험편상에서 발생하는 표면균열은 수소취화의 영향으로 평균입경($35{\mu}m$)보다 작은 균열의 비율이 약 90 %를 차지하였다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2018

Grain-oriented electrical steel sheets are mainly used as core materials for transformers and motors. They should have excellent magnetic properties such as low core loss, high magnetic flux density and high permeability. In order to improve the magnetic properties of the electrical steel sheet, it is important to form Goss oriented grains with a very strong {110}<001> orientation. Recently, efforts have been made to develop Goss grains by controlling processes such as hot rolling, cold rolling, and primary and secondary recrystallization. In this study, the sheets containing 3.2 and 3.4wt.% Si were used, which were rolled with 1 and 10 passes with total thickness reduction of 89%. Heating was carried out for primary recrystallization with different heating rates of $25^{\circ}C/s$ and $24^{\circ}C/min$ until $720^{\circ}C$. The behavior of Goss-, {411}<148>-, and {111}<112>-oriented grains were analyzed using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and electron back-scatter diffraction(EBSD) analysis. The area fraction of Goss-oriented grains increased with the number of rolling passes during cold rolling; however, after the primary recrystallization, the area fraction of the Goss grains was higher and exact Goss grains were found in the specimens subjected to rapid heating after one rolling pass.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2019

MCrAlY overaly coatings are used as oxidation barrier coatings to prevent degradation of the underlying substrate in high temperature and oxidizing environment of the hot section of gas turbines. Therefore, oxidation resistance in high temperature is important property of MCrAlY coatings. Also, coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of MCrAlY have middle value of that of Ni-based superalloys and oxides, which have the effect of preventing the delamination of the surface oxides. Cyclic oxidation test is one of the most useful methods for evaluating the high temperature durability of coatings used in gas turbines. In this study, NiCoCrAlY overlay coatings were formed on Inconel 792(IN 792) substrates by vacuum plasma spraying process. Vacuum plasma sprayed NiCoCrAlY coatings and IN 792 susbstrates were exposed to 1000℃ one-hour cyclic oxidation environment. NiCoCrAlY coatings showed lower weight gain in short-term oxidation. In long-term oxidation, IN 792 substrates showed higher weight loss due to delamination of surface oxide but NiCoCrAlY coatings showed lower weight loss. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed α-Al2O3 and NiCr₂O₄ was formed during the cyclic oxidation test. Through cross-section observation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis, thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer composed of α-Al₂O₃ and NiCr₂O₄ was formed and the thickness of TGO increased during 1000℃ cyclic oxidation test. β phase in upper side of NiCoCrAlY coating was depleted due to oxidation of Al and outer beta depletion zone thickness also increased as the cyclic oxidation time increased.