• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.5-9
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• 1999

The electromagnetic agent used in physical therapy rely far their effects on tissue heating and photo reaction of the body, Infrared has a thermal and analgesic effect, Ultra violet produces direct photo chemical reaction when it interacts with the body. Laser has broad effect on medicine, Ten ding Diancibo Pu (TDP) is in the infrared ray. The wave range is 20,000-250,000, as a far infrared. The effects of the TDP are number of white and red blued cell, capacity of animal immunization activity of enzyme in the organ and blood sugar density.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the expression of neurotrophic factors after spinal cord injury. Sprague-Dawley male rats were given a spinal cord hemisection and randomly divided into 2 groups, the control and experimental groups. The experimental group was administered a fifteen minutes session of pulsed electromagnetic field once a day, five days a week. In order to observe the effect of these pulsed electromagnetic fields, this study observed the BDNF expression in the rat's lumbar spinal cord and the H&E staining in the gastrocnemius at 3, 7, 14, 21 days group after spinal cord hemisection. The results of this showed that the immunoreactivity of the BDNF in the rat's spinal cord gradually increased in each group. At 21 days, there is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups. The morphological shape of the gastrocnemius was gradually changed from 3days to 21days, and the gastrocnemius at 21 days was significantly degraded. However, the experimental group showed a slightly more organized gastrocnemius than the control group at 21days. The Results of this study suggest that pulsed electromagnetic field application decreases the degeneration of a rat's gastrocnemius morphology, and increases the immunoreactivity of the BDNF in the rat's spinal cord after spinal cord hemisection.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1992

Most of the electromagnetic agents used in physical therapy rely for their effects on tissue heating and photoreaction of the body. Infrared and untraviolet light on the other hand, owns its place in medicine because it produces direct photochemial reaction when it interacts with the body. This study was carried out to investigate and review for photoreaction of the akin. The results were an follows. 1. The effects of the infrared are heat production, increasing metabolism, increasing circulation, vasodilatation and pigmentation. 2. Directed photoreactions are divided into acute reaction and chronic reaction, and the acute reaction makes pigmentation from $290\~320nm$ of ultraviolet ray. 3. Ultraviolet ray formated pigmentations, which are melanoblasts excited from ultraviolet ray and received chemical stimulation, that make melanin granule. 4. If exposured with long duration, at ultraviolet ray, it makes skin thickening and epithelioma. 5. Indirected photoreaction is made by existenced hypersensitivity of photoreaction or lack of photodefence structure. 6. The phototoxic reactions are synthesized by chemical reaction of excitement from ultraviolet ray also this time analysis, synthesis and polymerization from energy of a circumferenced substance. 7. Sunscreen substances are P-amino benzoic acid and oxidate titan.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

Background: As technology has progressed, various robot-assisted devices have been developed to reduce therapists' labor and assist in therapy. However, due to their many limitations, it is more practical to use traditional mechanical devices. The grahamizer is one such traditional mechanical device used clinically to rehabilitate the upper extremities. No study has yet established the efficacy of the grahamizer in individuals with stroke. Objects: This study investigated the immediate change in arm reaching after the use of a grahamizer. Methods: Twenty-two stroke survivors participated in this study (11 males and 11 females). The reaching of the more-affected arm was measured three times using the three-dimentional electromagnetic motion tracking system "trakSTAR". After the first measurement, the subjects performed 500 rotatory arm exercises using the grahamizer. To assess the grahamizer's effect, the subjects were remeasured in the same way. Results: There were significant increases in the reaching distance (p < 0.05) and movement smoothness (p < 0.05) of the more-affected arm after using the grahamizer. Conclusion: Our study confirms that using the grahamizer is beneficial in the rehabilitation for improving movement of the more-affected arm in stroke survivors.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

Pathological laughing and crying (PLC) is a condition defined by relatively uncontrollable episodes of laughter, crying or both. PLC is an uncommon symptom usually caused by cerebral lesions. Midbrain involvement causing PLC is extremely unusual and the exact mechanism by which this condition develops is poorly understood. We recently experienced a 51-year-old woman who were diagnosed as PLC after midbrain infarction. She was treated by acupuncture, pulsed electromagnetic therapy (PEMT). After 6 weeks treatment, Pathological Laughter and Crying Scale (PLACS), Korean version of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (K-SARA) are decreased and Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) is increased. Treatment of traditional Korean Medicine could be effective for stoke rehabilitation including post-stroke PLC. And we have considered mechanism of PLC associated with midbrain lesion, dysfunction of cortex-thalamus-hypothalamus-basal ganglia-mesencephalon and faciorespiratory nuclei pathways, cerebro-ponto-cerebellar pathways and damaged serotonergic neurotransmission can cause this based on recent neurobiology of emotion. To define exact mechanism and find effective treatment, further studies are needed.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.145-156
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was resigned to observe change of body temperature for patients with low back muscular pain after NUGA MRT-II(pulsed electromagnetic therapy) treatment. Methods: This study was a randomized, patient-assessor blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial study. After the approval of institutional review board(IRB), we have recruited 38 patients suffering from low back muscular pain and divided them into two groups randomly: the treatment group and control group. To the treatment group, NUGA MRT-II was practiced and to the control group sham device was practiced and their low back muscles and acupuncture points three times a week for 2 weeks from February 2011 to May 2011. After 1 week of last treatment, We compared body temperature of two groups. Results: 1. There was significant decrease of body temperature on both Shinsu(BL23), Chishil(BL52), Kwanwonsu(BL26) acupunture points for the treatment group. 2. There was no difference in the decrease of body temperature between treatment group and control group except. Left Kwanwonsu(BL26). Conclusions: We found out that treatment of NUGA MRT-II on low back muscular pain can reduce the temperature of low back.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2011

Photodynamic therapy consists of a photosensitizer, suitable light source and oxygen. The excitation of the photosensitizer at a cancer mass results in oxidation which would ultimately reduce the mass via apoptosis. Millimeter wave (MMW) therapy has also been known to be effective on cancer cell mass reduction, human cell regeneration and immunity enhancement among the Russian clinicians and scientists. In the present study, the two modalities were combined to achieve synergistic effects while reducing the administration dosage of the photosensitizer, photogem, thus minimizing the side effects. The CT-26 adenocarcinoma cell mass was implanted on mice and the tumors were exposed to a simple MMW irradiation or a combined treatment of MMW and PDT. The treatments continued for 4 weeks and the size of the tumor was measured continuously. The significant therapeutic result of MMW was not found during 4 weeks, preferably more cancer recurrence possibility after MMW irradiation was observed. The results of this study suggest that the combination of MMW irradiation and photodynamic treatment should not be recommended. The result of the MMW treatment alone, however, displayed suppressive effect on cancer cell proliferation for both in vitro and in vivo. The results of the present study suggest that the millimeter wave therapy deserves a further study.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.90-93
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• 2008

We developed a variety of polymeric jelly phantoms that can be used in hyperthermia using an electromagnetic wave as an auxiliary cancer therapy. Particularly, using an appropriate material composed of polyethylene, deionized water, and sodium chloride, jelly phantoms for brain was prepared. Also, their electrical properties were characterized by measuring the dielectric constant and conductivity. As the results, overall electrical values of the phantoms decreased with increasing the amount of the components of the materials, excepted for sodium chloride. Additionally, storage characteristics of the phantoms showed a sustainable stability up to 6 months. Based on the experimental results, it can be proposed that jelly phantoms containing a ferro-magnetic particle could be a potential material for cancer therapy following the further study on the temperature elevation effect and the evaluation of electromagnetic properties of the materials.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

Objectives : To evaluate the evidence supporting the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy for functional dyspepsia. Methods : We conducted search across the 3 electronic databases (Pubmed, CAJ and Oasis) to find all of randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs) that used Chuna manual therapy as a treatment for functional dyspepsia. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results : Thirteen RCTs met our inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed positive results for the use of Chuna manual therapy combined with medication treatments in terms of the efficacy rate when compared to medication treatments alone. Positive results were also obtained, in terms of the efficacy rate, when comparing Chuna manual therapy combined with medication plus specific electromagnetic therapy to medication treatments alone. Conclusions : Our systematic review found encouraging but limited evidence of Chuna manual therapy for functional dyspepsia. However, to obtain stronger evidence without the drawbacks of trial design and the quality of studies, we recommend sham-controlled RCTs or comparative effectiveness research to test the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 2000

The purpose of this study w8s to evaluate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic energy(Diapulse) and microcurrent on the wound healing in rabbits. 15 domestic rabbits were randomly assigned to the PRME(n=5). MC(n=5) and CON(n=91 group. Each rabbits were anesthetized with lidocaine HCL $2\%$. Skin wounds were created laterally on the back of IS domestic rabbits(33cm). From 24 hours after being injured, the rabbits of the PEME group were irradiated with an intensity of 3 at a 300 pulses per second, which were applied for 15 minutes every day during the 12 days. The MC group were stimulated with an intensity of $50{\mu}A$ at frequency of40 pulses per second, which were applied for 15 minutes every day during the 12 days. The CON group were not stimulated. The rabbits were sacrificed and the incised wound pans were processed appropriately for the light microscopic examination on the 3rd day, 6th day and 12th day before the beginning of wound treatment. The areas of wound were measured with metric graph paper. The results were as tallows. 1 The PRME and MC group compared with control group showed that wound closure rate increased on 6th, 12th day. 2. It was found that the CON group did not show a complete maturation and had a chronic inflammatory response. Judging from the irregularity of intercellular space and the loose alignment of connective tissue. these findings showed that wound healing was delayed. 3. It showed that inflammatory cells. fibroblasts and epithelial cells activity rapidly processed in the PEME group compared with the CON group. It was found that the PEMI; group showed a advanced remodeling of epithelial layer and a positive repair of connective tissue. 4. It showed that fibroblasts, epithelial cells and inflammatory cells activity rapidly processed in the MC group compared with the CON group. It was found that the MC group showed a improved remodeling of epithelial layer and a dense connective tissue.