• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2019

New products and services, such as 5G and wireless power transmission equipment, have recently brought about changes in the field of electromagnetic technology. There is a need for the evaluation and measurement of the health effects of such technology. To address this need, the development of international standards related to human exposure to electromagnetic waves of these new technologies are currently being discussed. This article briefly introduces the International Standard Organization standards for human exposure to electromagnetic waves, and focuses on the major standard trends for SAR measurement techniques that employ vector probes, wireless power transfer, and 5G base station measurement.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2002

Low Electromagnetic Field (EMF) intensity in the range of $1{\mu}T\;to\;10{\mu}T$(Tesla) was found to enhance the growth of CHO cells and the production of tPA in batch and perfusion cultivations. At $1{\mu}T\;intensity,\;1.3{\times}10^7$ viable cells/ml of maximum cell density and 80 mg/l of maximum tPA production were obtained in batch cultivation, compared to $2.8{\times}10^6$ viable cells/ml and 59 mg tPA/1 in unexposed case (control). A similar trend was observed in the perfusion process, where it was possible to obtain $1.2{\times}10^7$ viable cells/ml of maximum cell density and 81 mg tPA/l of maximum tPA production by more than 80 days of cultivation. However, there was not much difference between $1{\mu}T\;and\;10{\mu}T$ in perfusion cultivation, possibly due to better environmental growth conditions being maintained by continuous feeding of fresh medium into the reactor. On the contrary, both cell growth and tPA production were severely inhibited at higher than 1 mT intensity, showing no growth at 10 mT exposure. Specific growth rate was linearly correlated to specific tPA production rate at $1{\mu}T$EMF intensity, which represents a partially growth-related relationship. It was also found that a large amount of $Ca^2+$ was released at low EMF intensity, even though the cell growth was not much affected. Low EMF intensity significantly improved both cell growth and tPA production, and tPA production seemed to be more affected than the cell growth, possibly due to the changes of cell membrane characteristics. It can be concluded that the elaboration of EMF intensity less than $10{\mu}T$ could improve cell growth and tPA production, but mainly tPA secretion through batch or perfusion process in a bioreactor.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2005

이동통신 기기로부터 복사되는 전자파가 인체에 흡수되는 에너지의 양은 모의 인체 내에서 전자파 비흡수율 [SAR(Specific Absorption Rate)]로 평가된다. RF 센싱 프로브의 Schottky 다이오드에 검출된 DC 전압은 높은 레벨에서 자승법칙(Square Law) 영역을 벗어나 선형성을 나타낸다. Square Law Region을 벗어난 직선 영역의 검파는 적절한 DCP(Diode Compression Point) 값으로 검 파된 전압을 보상하여야 한다. 적절한 보상에 의한 한 점에서의 SAR 값은 200 W/kg까지 측정할 수 있다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.744-750
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• 2019

A new type of auto-rotary PM mechanical flux-varying PM machine (ARPMMFVPMM) is proposed in this paper, which can overcome the problem where the air-gap magnetic field of a PM machine is difficult to freely adjust. The topology structures of the machine and the mechanical flux-adjusting device are given. In addition, the operation principle of flux-adjusting is analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the deformation of a spring with the speed variation is obtained by virtual prototype technology. Electromagnetic characteristics including the flux distribution, air gap flux density, flux linkage, electromagnetic-magnetic-force (EMF), and flux weakening ability are computed by 2D finite element method (FEM). Results show that the machine has some advantages such as the good field control ability.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1453-1463
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• 1999

An electromagnetic flowmeter, based on a magnetic induction principle; provides an obstructionless flowmeter that essentially averages the velocity distribution over the pipe cross-sectional area. To predict the installation effects, the flowmeter installed near $90^{\circ}$ elbow is simulated by using a commercial code FLUENT(ver. 4.48) for the laminar flow field and a code developed through this study for magnetic field. The installation effects of the flowmeter are estimated by varying a number of the dependent parameters such as the radius of the elbow(Rc=1D, 1.5D, 2D, 3D), the location, Reynolds number and the direction of electrodes plane(${\varphi}$). It was found that all these factors affect the performance of the electromagnetic flowmeter significantly. The longer installation distance from the elbow is not always optimal to minimize the error, and also there exists an optimal location to install the EMF for a minimum error. Especially the flow signal with the electrodes plane direction of ${\varphi}=45^{\circ}$ is shown to yield smallest measurement error regardless of the Reynolds number and the curvature of elbow.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2014

In this paper, a new and simple method is proposed to quickly estimate the induced electric field in the human child exposed to a 100 kHz-10 MHz magnetic field, for the sake of electromagnetic field (EMF) safety assessment. The quasi-static finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to calculate the induced electric fields in high resolution 3D human child models with various body size parameters, in order to derive the correction factor for the estimation equation. The calculations are repeated for various frequencies and incident angles of the magnetic field. Based on these calculation results, a new and simple estimation equation for the 99th percentile value of the body electric field is derived that depends on the body size parameters, and the incident magnetic field. The estimation errors were equal to or less than 5.1%, for all cases considered.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.929-934
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• 2015

최근 선박의 건조는 고속화, 대형화에 따른 전자장비의 탑재 비율이 높아짐에 따라 선박의 사용주파수 대역의 확산이 전 세계적인 추세이다. 이로 인하여 전자소자 및 회로에서의 전자파 상호간의 간섭이 커다란 문제가 되고 있으며, 전자파 환경에서 인체에 대한 전자파 유해도가 주요 이슈상황이 되고 있다. 육상에서의 전자파 환경에 대한 지속적인 투자와 연구가 이루어지는데 반해 선박에서의 전자파 환경에 관한 시험 및 분석은 연구되지 않는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 선내 추진 시스템에 대한 전자파 강도를 측정 분석 후 국내기준과 해외 기준에 측정 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 측정된 결과가 국내 기준에는 만족하였지만 이탈리아 기준과 비교 시 배전반에서 기준치 초과와 다른 장비에서 측정값이 기준치와 근접함을 확인하였다. 따라서 충분한 실험을 통하여 선박의 추진시스템에 대한 전자파 인체보호기준지정과 정부차원의 인프라 구축이 필요하다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2000

This paper presents a novel method for the transient of eddy currents in the dampers of a super-conducting synchronous generator(SCG). The method proposes a 2-D corrected model which takes into account the influence of leakage fluxes of the field winding ends by increasing the effective air gap in order to consider the high precision of the analysis for the conventional 2-D model. The electromagnetic fields for the corrected model are analyzed by the time-stepping finite element method, thus the eddy currents in the dampers and electro-motive forces(EMF) in the stator windings are calculated. As the results, it is proved the presented method is comparatively accurate by comparing measured phase EMF values and the simulation ones, where about 6.4% error at the maximum value of EMF is occurred between them.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2011

A capsular endoscope (CE) for inspection of the large intestine requires a motor for backward navigation against the autonomous travel in the intestine. This study proposes an HF power system for generating a magnetic field and for delivering wireless power to the internal or implanted medical devices. The magnetic field is generated by a wound coil (L) around a wooden frame, and the current is driven to the coil through a resonating capacitor (C). The characteristics of the resonance frequency shifting of the L-C series circuit are analyzed. A stable magnetic field intensity in the field coil is maintained by a specially designed frequency tracking system that automatically follows the L-C resonance frequency. Testing confirmed that the oscillation system tracks well the parameter changes of the electric components caused by the operating conditions or environmental variations.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.119-166
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• 2019

일상 공간을 가득 메우고 있는 다양한 종류의 전자파. 그중에서도 송전선에서 발생하는 전자파의 위험성은 고압 송전탑이 건설될 때마다 여러 차례 논란이 되었는데, 이때 대안으로 떠오른 것이 바로 송전선을 땅속에 묻는 송전선로 지중화(地中化)였다. 하지만 2014년 서울의 한 초등학교 과학 교사가 지중 송전선로 구간의 전자파 측정 결과를 환경보건 시민센터에 제보하면서, 송전선로 지중화에 대한 논의는 새로운 국면을 맞이하게 된다. 송전탑보다 지중 송전선로에서 발생하는 전자파가 더 세고, 따라서 더 유해할 수도 있다는 주장이 제기된 것이다. 이후 지중 송전선로 전자파의 위험성을 둘러싸고 벌어진 논쟁에서 환경보건시민센터와 국립환경과학원은 눈에 보이지 않는 전자파 위험의 지형을 서로 다르게 재현해냈다. 이에 본 논문은 양측이 전자파를 측정할 때 측정 지점, 측정기기, 측정 높이의 측면에서 어떤 차이를 보였으며, 나아가 측정값의 의미를 해석하고 그것을 지도나 표로 재현하는 과정에서 다양한 종류의 표준들(인체보호기준, 측정의 국제 가이드라인, 발암물질 그룹 분류)을 어떻게 동원했는지를 살펴본다. 서울의 지중 송전선로에서 발생하는 전자파를 두고 벌어진 이와 같은 위험 논쟁은 그동안 주목받지 못했던, 전자파 장기 노출의 비열적 영향에 대한 관심을 불러일으키는 것이었으며, 송전선로 지중화가 과연 전자파 문제의 해결책인지에 대해서도 의문을 갖게 하는 것이었다. 나아가 이는 송전선로 지중화율이 약 90%에 육박하는 서울이라는 공간이 안전하게 관리되는 일상 공간인지, 통제되지 않는 위험한 공간인지에 대해 상충되는 대답을 암시하는 것이기도 했다.