• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.1531-1535
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• 2008

In the past vertically integrated power system, the power utility forecasted power demand and invested new power plants to keep a system adequacy. However, in the competitive electricity markets, a principle part of the capacity investment is market participants who decided the investment to maximize their profit. Especially, one of the main factors in their long-term decision making is the retrieval of fixed costs (construction costs). This paper presents the capacity payment in electricity power markets. The capacity payment (CP) in Cost Based Pool (CBP) is needed to recover fixed costs. However, CP in CBP was applied not only recovering fixed costs but also ensuring supply reliability. In order to operate harmonious power markets, pool needs reasonable CP mechanism. This paper analysis CP using capacity proportion and Reliability Pricing Model (RPM).

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.409-434
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• 2014

본고는 가구별 전력요금 지출액 자료를 이용해 가정용 전력의 수요함수를 추정하되, 전력요금이 구간별로 달라지는 구조를 명시적으로 반영한다. 기존의 도구변수를 이용한 추정법이나 2변량 이산-연속선택모형 모두 적용에 한계가 있어 본고는 2단계 분석법을 사용하되, 가구특성에 따라 소비구간이 선택되는 과정을 이산선택모형으로 먼저 추정하고, 이어서 각 구간이 선택될 확률의 예측치를 가중치로 이용해 구축된 가격예측치를 사용하여 조건부 전력수요함수를 추정하고 탄력성을 제시한다. 현재의 전력요금제에서는 구간의 수가 너무 많고 구간간 적용요금의 차이도 크다는 비판을 감안하여 구간의 수를 3개로 줄이고 구간 간 요금차이를 조정하되, 전체적으로 전력판매수입은 현재와 달라지지 않도록 하는 모의정책실험을 추정결과를 이용해 실행하면, 전력 다소비 가구의 전력요금이 갑자기 급증하는 현상은 크게 완화할 수 있지만, 대신 낮은 구간의 요금인상이 어느 정도 발생하고 전력 저소비층의 후생감소는 불가피하므로 이에 대한 대책도 필요하다는 결론을 도출한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2015

A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. In the operation of a smart grid, demand side management (DSM) plays an important role in allowing customers to make informed decisions regarding their energy consumption. In addition, it helps energy providers reduce peak load demand and reshapes the load profile. In this paper, we propose a new DSM scheduling scheme that makes use of the day-ahead pricing strategy. Based on the Rubinstein-Stahl bargaining model, our pricing strategy allows consumers to make informed decisions regarding their power consumption, while reducing the peak-to-average ratio. With a simulation study, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can increase the sustainability of a smart grid and reduce overall operational costs.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2016

Smart grid (SG) technology is now elevating the conventional power grid system to one that functions more cooperatively, responsively, and economically. When applied in an SG the demand side management (DSM) technique can improve its reliability by dynamically changing electricity consumption or rescheduling it. In this paper, we propose a new SG scheduling scheme that uses the DSM technique. To achieve effective SG management, we adopt a mixed pricing strategy based on the Rubinstein-Stahl bargaining game and a repeated game model. The proposed game-based pricing strategy provides energy routing for effective energy sharing and allows consumers to make informed decisions regarding their power consumption. Our approach can encourage consumers to schedule their power consumption profiles independently while minimizing their payment and the peak-to-average ratio (PAR). Through a simulation study, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can obtain a better performance than other existing schemes in terms of power consumption, price, average payment, etc.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.225-249
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• 2015

우리나라 전력시장에서도 보다 선진화된 요금체계가 도입되어야 한다는 관점에서 가정부문에서의 선택적 전력요금제 도입이 논의되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고정요금제, 실시간 요금제(RTP), 계시별 요금제(TOU)를 도입하였을 때의 효과를 분석하기 위해 행위자기반모형을 구축하였다. 시간대별 전력소비 유형이 다른 행위자를 설정하였으며, 전력수요와 전력가격을 연동시키기 위해 발전부문도 모형에 도입하였다. 분석 결과, 소비자 유형이 피크부하 때 덜 사용하는 경우에는 실시간 요금제인 RTP나 TOU를 택했을 때의 비용절감 효과가 컸으며, 특히 스마트 계량기 등을 이용하여 전력사용 시간을 최적화할 수 있는 경우에는 그 편익이 더욱 증가한 것으로 나타나 향후 스마트 전력소비를 위한 인프라 구축이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.804-809
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• 2012

This paper presents the economic impact of consumer participation in Real-Time Pricing (RTP). A computer model was developed to analyze the impact of real-time pricing on the average price, electricity sales, and the social welfare. Four revenue reconciliation alternative were introduced to illustrate the effect of RTP. Finally a case study was done to analyze the consequent impact of the dynamic load profile on the long-term fuel mix, and the results were compared with those of $5^{th}$ national power development plan.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.820-831
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• 2015

In a deregulated electricity market, congestion of the transmission lines is a major problem the independent system operator (ISO) would face. Rescheduling of generators is one of the most practiced techniques to alleviate the congestion. However, not all generators in the system operate deterministically and independently, especially wind power generators (WTGs). Therefore, a novel optimal rescheduling model for congestion management that accounts for the uncertain and correlated power sources and loads is proposed. A probabilistic power flow (PPF) model based on 2m+1 point estimate method (PEM) is used to simulate the performance of uncertain and correlated input random variables. In addition, the impact of direct electricity purchase contracts on the congestion management has also been studied. This paper uses artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to solve the complex optimization problem. The proposed algorithm is tested on modified IEEE 30-bus system and IEEE 57-bus system to demonstrate the impacts of the uncertainties and correlations of the input random variables and the direct electricity purchase contracts on the congestion management. Both pool and nodal pricing model are also discussed.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2009

Marginal Loss Factor(MLF) is represented as the sensitivity of transmission loss, which is computed from the change of the generation at slack bus by the change of the load at the arbitrary bus. The MLF dependent on the selection of slack bus is one of the key factors affecting nodal pricing, Genco's profits, social welfare(SW) and Nash Equilibrium in a competitive electricity market. This paper addresses the methodology of slack bus selection by using Cournot model of Cost Based Pool market. Numerical results from sample cases show that the slack bus of MLF of the highest average is beneficial from the view points of SW.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.76.1-76.1
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• 2011

With the growing penetration of distributed generation including from renewable sources, smart grid power system is needed to address the reliability problem. One important feature of smart grid is demand response. In order to design a demand response program, it is indispensable to understand how consumer reacts upon the change of electricity price. In this paper, we construct an econometrics model to estimate the hourly price elasticity of demand. This panel model utilizes the hourly load data obtained from KEPCO for the period from year 2005 to 2009. The hourly price elasticity of demand is found to be statistically significant for all the sample under investigation. The samples used for this analysis is from the past historical data under the price structure of three different time zones for each season. The result of the analysis of this time of use pricing structure would allow the policy maker design an appropriate incentive program. This study is important in the sense that it provides a basic research information for designing future demand response programs.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2196-2207
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• 2017

This paper presents a two-stage market auction model in a pool-based electricity market, which explicitly takes into account the system network security. The security network-constrained market auction model considers the use of corrective control to yield economically efficient actions in the post-contingency state, while ensuring a certain security level. Under this framework, the proposed model shows not only for quantifying the correlation between secure system operation and efficient market operation, but also for providing transparent information on the pricing system security for market participants. The two-stage market auction procedure is formulated using Benders decomposition (BD). In the first stage, the market participants bid in the market for maximizing their profit, and the independent system operator (ISO) clears the market based on social welfare maximization. System network constraints incorporating post-contingency control actions are described in the second stage of the market auction procedure. The market solutions, along with the BD, yield nodal spot prices (NSPs) and nodal congestion prices (NCPs) as byproducts of the proposed two-stage market auction model. Two benchmark systems are used to test and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.