• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of massage and muscle reeducation training with conventional treatment in patients with facial paralysis. Methods: Twenty-five patients with facial nerve paralysis were randomly allocated to 3 groups: massage, muscle reeducation training, and control groups. Therapeutic intervention for the massage (n=8) and muscle reeducation training (n=8) groups consisted of conventional therapy such as application of hot pack and electrical stimulation plus massage therapy and muscle reeducation training, respectively. The control group (n=9) received only conventional therapy. Therapeutic intervention for each group was performed 6 times per week for 4 weeks. The patients were assessed by using the House-Brackmann Grading System (H-B grade) and Yanagihara Unweighted Grading System (Y grade) once every week. Results: The H-B and Y grades improved significantly in all 3 groups after a 4-week intervention (p<.01). At 3 and 4 weeks, the H-B and Y grades of the massage group improved significantly when compared with those of the control group (p<.01). Muscle reeducation training group showed significant improvements in the scores of the two grades with time when compared with the massage and control groups (p<.01). The rate of change in the H-B grade was significantly different between the control and muscle reeducation training groups (p<.01), and that of change in the Y grade was significantly different between the control and muscle reeducation training groups (p<.01) and between the control and massage groups (p<.01). Conclusion: These findings suggest that massage and muscle reeducation training are more effective in improving the condition of patients with facial nerve paralysis than conventional therapy. In particular, the results of this study indicate that muscle reeducation training can be recommended by clinicians since it provides more benefits.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.241-249
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the patients with compressive neuropathy of the radial nerve(Saturday Night Palsy), who was improved by acupuncture and Sweet Bee Venom(SBV) treatment. Methods & Results : The patients were hospitalized or outpatient in Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, traditional korean medical hospital, Sangji University from 1st, Dec. 2008 to 30th June 2009, and treated with acupuncture, SBV, electrical stimulation therapy and herbal medication therapy. To evaluate the wrist drop and numbness of fingers, coding result(Arbitrary values used to evaluate result) and digital infrared thermal image, which was well defined diagnostic tool estimating skin surface temperature difference, were used. As a result, patient symptoms were improved remarkably. Conclusions : Patients were treated during 6 weeks in average. 2 cases were excellent and 1 case was evaluated good result by the acupuncture, Sweet Bee Venom, electrical stimulation therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2003

The purpose of this study investigated the anesthetic effects of lidocaine gel by phonophoretic transdermal delivery. The anesthetic effects were evaluated by two aspects as quantitative sensory testing and sensory nerve conduction study. Twelve healthy males(aged $23.25{\pm}2.09$ years) were studied. Exclusion criteria were ; pain, history of sensory disturbances and skin conditions in the areas to be examined. The subjects were divided into two groups; group I(lidocaine gel without ultrasound) and group II(lidocaine gel with ultrasound). The following results were obtained; 1. In changes of tactile threshold and electrical pain threshold, all groups were significantly increased(p<0.05). 2. In changes of electrical pain threshold, it was significantly differenced between the groups(p<0.05). We conclude that the transdermal delivery of lidocaine gel by phonophoresis has a possibility to use for surface anesthesia and the pain control of the superficial tissue.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.226-229
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• 2010

Many methods exist that promote wound healing, including light therapy, which consists of light beams that assist the human body in treating and sterilizing wounds, as well as regenerating cells. Irradiation with specific wavelengths of either laser or LED light has been shown to induce beneficial proliferation of fibroblasts that, depending on the size of the wound, can be effective in promoting wound healing. The experiments in this study utilized 8 week old 250~300 g Male Sprague Dawley Rats (ILAR Code: NTacSam:SD) and included a non-irradiation group and a 525 nm green LED irradiation group (n of each group = 7). In experiments animals were allowed to rest for 24 hours after wounds had been excised, which was followed by non- irradiation or 525 nm green LED irradiation therapy one hour per day for 9 days. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted for cytokeratin in order to precisely measure the defect size. In addition, Masson's trichrome staining was utilized in order to compare levels of collagen between the 525 nm green LED irradiation group and the non-irradiation group. Animals exposed to 525 nm green LED irradiation (p<0.05) healed at a faster rate and had increased collagenosis compared with the non-irradiated control group. Thus, treatment with 525 nm green LED irradiation had a beneficial effect on wound healing and should be considered as a possible alternative to low power laser treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.397-398
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• 2008

This paper performed the basic study for fabricating the low level laser therapy apparatus, and one of the goals of this paper was to make this apparatus used handily. The apparatus has been fabricated using the 655nm laser diode and microprocessor unit. The apparatus used a 655 nm laser diode for laser medical therapy and was designed for a pulse width modulation type to increase stimulation effects. And then, each experiment was performed to irradiation group and non-irradiation group for cells. MTT assay method was chosen to verify the cell increase of two groups and the effect of irradiation on cell proliferation was examined by measuring 590nm transmittance of ELISA reader. As a result, the cell increase of cells was verified in irradiation group as compared to non-irradiation group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of muscle power by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TBNS), low frequency-low intensity(20pps, invisible muscle contraction intensity), low frequency-high intensity(20pps, visible muscle contraction), high frequency-low intensity(100pps, invisible muscle contraction intensity) and high frequency-high intensity(100pps, visible muscle contraction). The results were as follows. 1. Increased muscle power after 30 minutes of treatment by low frequency-low intensity TENS, and post-treatment 30 minutes muscle power were increased more than pre-treatment power(p<0.05). 2. Decreased muscle power after a 30 minute treatment by low frequency-high intensity TENS, and after the 30 minute treatment was terminated muscle power didn't recover to pre-treatment levels. 3. Decreased muscle power after 30 minute treatment by high frequency-low intensity TENS, but post-treatment 30 minute, muscle power didn't recover to pre-treatment levels. 4. The muscle power was remarkably decreased by high frequency-high intensity TENS after 30 minute treatment, in addition treatment terminated after 30minutes didn,t recover to pre-treatment power(p<0.05). 5. Lower frequency-low intensity TENS are good methods for preventing muscle fatigue, buty high intensity (TENS) are increased muscle fatigue. 6. Traditional TENS by high frequency-low intensity is a good method for preventing muscle fatigue.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.301-313
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• 1999

구강안면동통 환자의 치료법으로 널리 쓰이는 전기요법은 연조직과 신경계 구조물에 대한 치료 시 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 저자는 현재 구강안면동통의 치료법으로 널리 쓰이고 있는 전기요법들 중 경피성 신경자극(Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation)과 전기침자극요법(Electroacupuncture stimulation therapy)이 각각의 신경섬유에 미치는 효과를 평가하고자 정상 성인 남녀 29명에게 경피성 신경자극 및 전기침자극을 시행하고 시행 전 및 시행 후 삼차신경 영역의 3가지 종류($A{\beta}$, $A{\delta}$, C fiber)의 신경섬유의 전류인지역치(CPT) 변화를 측정하여 그 차이점을 분석하였으며 이를 대조군과 비교하였다. 경피성 신경자극 및 전기침자극 모두에서 대조군에 비해 삼차신경 영역의 모든 신경섬유에 걸쳐 고른 전류인지역치의 증가를 나타내었으며, 경피성 신경자극과 전기침자극 후의 전류인지역치 변화량은 서로 유의할만한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이는 경피성 신경자극 과 전기침자극 모두 3가지 종류($A{\beta}$, $A{\delta}$, C fiber)의 감각신경섬유의 전류인지역치에 영향을 미치며, 구강안면동통의 감소에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect and $\beta-endorphin$ level as conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) application on acupuncture paints. Twelve healthy adult male volunteers were participated in this study. The subjects were assigned to TENS group (n=6) and naloxone group (n=6). The LI 3 and M 10 meridian points of dominant arm were stimulated comfortably with 100 pps, $75{\mu}s$ conventional TENS for 30 minutes. Experimental pain threshold measurement and plasma $\beta-endorphin$ level were detected before and after conventional TENS application. Experimental pain threshold increased significantly (p<.01) but plasma $\beta-endorphin$ level was not change in TENS group. Experimental pain threshold increased significantly (p<.01) but plasma $\beta-endorphin$ level was not change in naloxone group. In this study, the conventional TENS induced analgesic effect, and plama $\beta-endorphin$ level was not increase concomitantly with analgesia. These results suggest that the $\beta-endorphin$ did not involved in conventional TENS analgesia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.731-735
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• 2007

We developed the 4channel Light Medical Therapy Apparatus for External Injury Cure using a high brightness LED. This equipment was fabricated using a micro-controller and a high brightness LED, and designed to enable us to control light irradiation time, intensity, frequency and so on, Especially, to control the light irradiation frequency, FPGA was used, and to control the change of output value, TLC5941 was used. Control stage is divided into 4 levels by program. Consequently, the current value could be controlled by the change of level in Continue Wave(CW) and the output of a high brightness LED could be controlled stage by stage. Compared with one LED irradiation, several LEDs irradiation could increase optical power.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.539-548
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of FES on the clinical test patients who had disturbance gait due to cereberal vascular accident. The subjects for study were 16 hemiplegic patients (9 Male and 7 Female) who can gait with or without device. Their average age was 55 and they received average of 20.19 month of treatment collected data analysis was completed by using one-way analysis variable(ANOVA), Pearson ($-1{\leq}r{\geq}1$). The results were as follows : 1) There was difference in four variable (stride length,gait speed,gait cadence) between at the biginning and at the end of the treatment of FES (p<0.01). 2) There was relationship in capacity of activity between MAS and stride length (r = 0.751), gait speed (r = 0.689) but no relationship gait cadence (r = 0.236). 3) Age revealed relationship of stride length (r = -0.727), gait speed (r = -0.725), gait cadenc (r = -0.362). 4) There was no relationship in months post-CVA with MAS (r = 0.171), stride length (r = -0.110), gait speed (r = -0.096), gait cacedce (r = -0.154).