• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2004

치수 검사(pulp test)는 치아에 물리적 및 화학적 자극을 가하여 치수의 생활력(vitality) 여부를 판별하는 검사이다. 치과 임상에서 수행되는 검사 과정에서 피검자는 치아에 가해지는 역치 이상의 자극으로 인하여 큰 고통과 스트레스에 노출된다. 본 논문에서는 생활치수의 전기 치수 검사 시, 자극의 강도를 서서히 증가시켜 역치에 이르게 되면 나타나는 피검자의 동통반응으로 개구반사에 의한 악이복근의 근전도, 발성에 의한 음성 반응, 손가락의 움직임에 의한 반응을 각각 측정하였다. 또한 동통 반응이 발생하는 시점으로부터 자극이 차단될 때까지 피검자에게 필요이상으로 인가되는 과용 자극 시간을 측정하였으며, 과용자극 시간 측정 시 치수 검사기의 자극 차단 주체자에 따른 과용 자극 시간을 측정 분석하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 동통 반응에 의한 인체 반응 신호를 이용하여 치수검사기의 출력을 자동으로 차단하는 제어 스위치를 구성하였다. 피검자가 역치 자극을 느낀 후 나타나는 최초의 인체 반응의 10 ms 이내에 신속하게 검사기의 출력을 차단함으로써 과용자극 시간을 줄이고자 하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.388-411
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• 2003

The purpose of this study has been conducted to reduce the lower limbs' spasticity of the patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebral stroke of apoplexy and find differences about spasticity effects among each group. The objects of this study covered 24 patients with hemiplgia who are either in the oo hospital in Daegu or under treatment from home to hospital. The objects fall into three groups which are a group of neurological development treatment, a group of functional stimulus treatment and a group of neurological development treatment and functional stimulus treatment. The result of this study were as follows : 1) The neurological development treatment has been found to reduce the lower limbs' spasticity of patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebral stroke of apoplexy and compared to before-treatment, the MAS value of spasticity has been shown to be statistically meaningful ,and gradually over the period of between 4 weeks and 8 weeks(P <.05). 2) The functional electric stimulus treatment has been shown to reduce the lower limb's spasticity of patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebral stroke of apoplexy and compared to before-treatment, the MAS value of spasticity was statistically meaningful and compared to 4 weeks, even at the time of 8 weeks, the MAS value of spasticity have shown statistical meaningness. (P <.05) 3) When neurological development treatment and functional electric stimulus treatment was applied at the same time, the lower limbs' spasticity of patients with hemiplegia was reduced meaningfully(P <.05). Compared to before-treatment at the time of 4 weeks, the MAS value of spasticity was statistically meaningful and compared to 4 weeks at the time of 8 weeks the MAS value of spasticity was also statistically meaningful(P <.05) 4) In the case of time-based MAS value of each group, functional electric stimulus treatment reduced the spasticity more meaningfully than neurological development treatment, and the group of same application of functional electric stimulus treatment and neurological development treatment showed better statistical meaningness than functional electric stimulus treatment alone(P <.05) and finally the group of same application of neurological development treatment and functional electric stimulus treatment showed more meaningful difference than neurological development treatment alone(P <.05)

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 1994

Direct current (DC) applied to cotyledons during a 16 h inductive dark period inhibited the flowering in the short-day plant, Pharbitis nil Choisy cv. Violet. The inhibitory effect of DC was more profound when the current flowed from roots to cotyledons, showing its polarity-dependent action. The second half on the inductive dark period was more sensitive to DC stimulus. The flowering was significantly depressed only when DC stimuli were applied to the translocation path of the floral stimulus from the induced cotyledon to the apex, suggesting that the transport of floral stimulus was damaged by the DC treatment. The vegetative apex culture bioassay system showed that a significant level of the floral stimulus activity existed in the phloem exudate from the cotyledons which would fail to form their own floral buds. These results strongly support the hypothesis that DC partially impede, at least temporarily, the transmission path of the floral stimulus from florally-induced cotyledon to the apex, rather than depressing in situ synthesis of the floral stimulus.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.949-961
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• 1997

To date, various clinical procedures have been used to restore periodontal apparatus destroyed by periodontal disease. And then, many experimental approaches have been proceeded to develop treatment methods to promote periodontal regeneration. Mechanical, chemical treatments to enhance the attachment of periodontal tissue cells as changing the physical properties of root surfaces, bone graft procedure, and treatments for guided tissue regeneration have been used for periodontal regeneration. However, recent studies have revealed that biologic factors such as growth factors promote biologic mechanism associated with periodontal regeneration. This study was done to enucleate how ELF stimulus affect the periodontal regeneration. We can have following conclusions from this experimental results. The influence of low frequency(ELF) electric stimulus (30Hz at $lO{\mu}A$) known to promote bone formation in vivo, was evaluated for its ability to affect bone cell function in vitro. After 12 hour exposure of ELF stimulus at most appropriate densities ($5{\times}10^4\;cells/cm^2$) to increase osteoblastic cells normally, rat calvarial cells were incubated for 60 hours were used in this study. We have found ELF stimulus suppress calvarial cell proliferation and the ability of protein synthesis, enhance the alkaline phosphatase activity significantly.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2010

This study is vestibular electric stimulation applied between the mastoids during quiet standing elicits postural sway. The aim of this study was to characterize the postural sway response to continuous sinusoidal vestibular electric stimulation across various stimulus frequencies and amplitudes. Binaural bipolar sinusoidal vestibular electric stimulation was applied to the skin overlying the mastoid processes of 10 subjects while they stood on a force plate. The position of the center of pressure(COP) and signals at the feet are obtained on an force plate, while the head and whole body center of mass(COM) was measured with motion analysis system. The stimulus conditions included eight frequencies (1/64, 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, and 2Hz) and six peak amplitudes (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.7, 1 and 2mA). Each subject experienced one trial at each amplitude-frequency pair. The stimuli elicited sway in lateral plane in all subjects, as evidenced by changes in the stimulus frequency. Our results demonstrate that the vestibular system is sensitive to vestibular electric stimulation intensity changes and responds by altering the magnitude of the response accordingly.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.1625-1632
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• 2006

시술자로부터 침을 경유하여 유도되는 전위는 피시술자의 경락 경혈에서 전위변화의 원인으로 중요한 요소이다. 이에 대하여, 족양명위경상의 족삼리(ST36)에서 다양한 수기자극 방식에 따라 상거허혈(ST37)과 하거허혈(ST39)에서 유발되는 경락전위 패턴을 관찰하였다. 수기자극에 대한 임상실험결과, 침치료에 있어서 다양한 수기자극조건은 주로 톱니파(용량성 전류) 형태의 전위파형이 관찰되었다. 따라서 시술자와 피시술자간의 침치료 효과에 영향을 주는 주된 자극패턴은 용량성 전류자극 패턴임을 확인하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.748-754
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• 2007

Electroacupuncture is the combined treatment of mechanical and electric stimuli on the needle head, on which electricity runs after acupuncturing at the acupuncture points. It is reported that its treatment effect depends on the parameter of stimulus, which is wave of stimulus, frequency, voltage, and duration of electric current. To get the effective treatment, stimulus intensity over threshold is needed. We planned to experiment whether acupuncture effect is affected by sex, age, and weight. After we conducted electric stimulus at Zusanli(ST 36) which is known to increase small intestinal motility in normal rats, we observed the effects and got the following results. Though the increased effects of small intestinal motility of electro-acupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36) did not show the difference of sex, this effect was observed to have a tendency to decrease according to weight increase without distinction of sex. But the effect of electro-acupuncture shown in 4, 5, 7 weeks old without distinction of sex was observed to have a tendency to decrease with the growing of weeks-old in the male rat group. And the significant change without specific tendency was observed in the 4, 5 weeks old female rat group. This result suggested that sex, weight, and age should be considered to get the efficient electro-acupuncture. The more experimental study should be advanced to investigate the correlation between the factors that can affect the acupuncture treatment, and, afterward, the interconnection into the clinical use.

• 음성과학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2005

Electrodermal activity(EDA) is a bio-electric signal which occurs at the skin surface during the sweating. EDA reflects the activity of the sympathetic axis of the autonomic nervous system. EDA is associated with the eccrine sweat gland at the palmar and plamar surface. This study was aimed to characterize the relationship between EDA and auditory stimulus intensities. Acoustic stimulus used in this study were 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz of narrow band noise, which were representative of speech frequencies in audible range. Stimulus intensity between 90 and 30 dB in 10 dB within dynamic range. After deriving the minimum stimulus intensity(threshold of skin potential) which elicited skin potential, and then the latency and amplitude were derived from waveform of skin potential, each latency and amplitude were compared to stimulus intensity. The waveform of skin potential were recorded stably, and the threshold of skin potential appeared nearly the hearing threshold level of the participant. The latency was decreased and the amplitude was increased according to the increase of the stimulus intensity. These results suggest that auditory evoked skin potential can be applicable to auditory assessment and audiological diagnosis tool.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.3-8
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• 2000

1. Definition : Bee-venom therapy does not involve actual bee-stings: it is a treatment method with acquired bee-venom extract through the electric stimulus on the bee, It is injected subcutaneusly on the acupuncture point after refining, according to the diagnosis of constitution and disease. 2. History : Around 2000 B.C., records that Bee-venom was used for therapy were written in the medical book of Babylonia and Papirus of ancient Egypt. Hippocrates, who is called the father of Medicine, said that Bee-venom is Arcanum, which means mysteric medicine. In Oriental medicine, B.C. 200, there was a clinical record that the meat suspended in front of the bee house on the tree in order to get bee-venom, was attached on the lesion. 3. Mechanism of Action : There are two aspects: 1) The effect of stimulating acupunture point It is similar to the chemical moxa. I think that there are several methods of stimulating the acupuncture point： For example, a simple needle is a mechanical stimulus, Moxa is a heating stimulus and electric and Raser acupunture etc. And another stimulus: in the ancient orient, a chemical stimulus called Chungu(Tianjiu), is attached to the lesions by using grinded insects (ex. Mylaris phalerate PALL.) which have toxin. So Bee venom therapy is similar to this. 2) The effect of biochemical ingredients Bee venom consists of 40 kinds of ingredients. For example, me Iii tin, Apamin, Pospholipase A2, MCD peptide, Adolapin and so on. They have effects which have been proven through experimentation l) tonifying mechanism of the body through increasing hormon secretion 2) tonifying immune system through proliferation of WBC, lymphocytes, macrophage 3) anti-inflammatory reaction Therefore Bee venom therapy is the representative 3rd Medicine, which combined East & West medicine. 4. Application of disease : L.B.P and HIVD, O.A, R.A, degenerative arthritis, shoulder pain and other pain diseases. 5. Therapic methods : According to constitution and disease, proper concentration of bee venom is injected on acupunture point, 2 times a week. Generally one term is consisted of 15times. 6. Contraindication : Heart disease, TBc, DM, kidney disease(nephritis), pregnancy, woman in menstruation 3-4 persons per 100,000 persons may have severe allergic reaction.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2004

Use of electric pulp testing elicits painful response in vital teeth. In this study, we examined the excessive time from pain feeling to stimulation disconnection in clinical situation. D626D (Parkell Inc., USA.) scan type electric pulp tester was used in total of 23 young healthy individuals. Each of the right central incisors and first premolars were used as testing teeth. Stimulation disconnection was achieved by EMG in anterior belly of digastric muscle, finger span, and voice and the excessive stimulation time over the sensory thresh-old was recorded. As a result, we found that the short responses before the stimulation disconnection appeared following order：EMG, finger span, and voice. The EMG disconnection is suggested to be used to reduce the excessive stimulus time in electric pulp testing.