• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2000

An increase in senile dementia population has caused social concerns in Korea. The Korean-Boston Naming Test(K-BNT) has been used in assessing naming ability of patients with diffuse brain damage as well as senile dementia. This study was conducted to develop a short from of the K-BNT. to present normative data, and to demonstrate clinical utility of the shortform K-BNT. The participants were 142 healthy elderly adults, ages between 55 and 84, who were sampled in the Seoul-Kyungki area. Twenty patients with mild probable DAT participated in the study. We developed four norms based on education(0∼6 years and more than 6 years) and age(55∼64 and 65∼84 years). The study showed high internal consistency among the items. Further. DAT patients and normal controls showed significant difference in the K-BNT short form scores(F(1, 158) = 23,216, p < .0001). Normative data presented in this study will be useful in evaluating the naming ability of elderly patients in clinical setting.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2011

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among a group of community-dwelling elderly and to determine if there were differences in general characteristics, activities of daily living (ADL), perceived health status (PHS) between the MCI group and group of elderly with normal cognitive function. Methods: This study utilized a descriptive survey design. Six hundred and five subjects over the age 65 were recruited from an S public health center, Seoul. Data were gathered through a variety of instruments: MoCA-K, K-MMSE, K-MBI, S-IADL, and PHS scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 18.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square test and t-test. Results: The prevalence of MCI among the subjects was 46.0%. Differences in IADL, PHS, age, education, sex, and residing with a spouse were statistically significant between groups. The MCI group had lower IADL, lower PHS, were older, and had lower educational levels than the group with normal cognitive function. Further, the MCI group was less likely to live with a spouse. Conclusion: It is suggested that MCI group should be targeted in developing and implementing nursing strategies to prevent dementia and improve the elderly cognitive function.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate correlation between degree of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and neurocognitive function along with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Korean patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods : Participants were 115 elderly subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment in this retrospective study. WMH in brain MRI were rated with standardized visual rating scales (Fazekas scales) and the subjects were divided into two groups according to Fazekas scale. Cognitive function was evaluated with Korean version of the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K), and BPSD was evaluated with Korean neuropsychiatric inventory (K-NPI). Independent t-test was performed to analyze the relationship between the degree of WMH and neurocognitive functions & BPSD. Results : Especially, the group with high severity of WMH showed significantly lower language fluency (p<0.05). In addition, the group with high severity of WMH showed significantly higher score in K-NPI. Conclusions : There was a significant association between WMH and neurocognitive test related with executive function. Moreover, WMH seems to affect BPSD severity. Evaluation of WMH would provide useful information in clinical settings.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2019

Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare severity, neurocognitive functions, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) according to the degree of temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) in Korean patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. Methods : Participants were 114 elderly subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment in this cross-sectional study. MTA in brain MRI was rated with standardized visual rating scales (Scheltens scale) and the subjects were divided into two groups according to Scheltens scale. Severity was evaluated with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Neurocognitive functions was evaluated with the Korean version of Short Blessed Test (SBT-K) and the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease assessment packet (CERAD-K). BPSD was evaluated with the Korean version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI). Independent t-test was performed to compare severity, neurocognitive functions, and BPSD between two groups. Results : The group with high severity of MTA showed significantly lower scores in CDR, SBT-K, MMSE-KC, modified Boston naming test, word list recognition, and word list memory (p<0.05). There were no differences in K-NPI scores between two groups. Conclusions : Severity and neurocognitive functions of dementia had significant positive association with MTA, but BPSD had no association with MTA. Evaluating MTA seems to have potential benefit in diagnosing and treating neurocognitive impairments in the elderly. Further evaluation is needed to confirm the association between certain brain structures and BPSD.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.322-331
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational therapy with physical exercise on executive function with dementia. For eight elderly persons with mild or moderate dementia, we executed physical exercise with group activity for 10 weeks from April to June, 2012, one times per week, and 50 minutes each time. Before and after the physical activities, the old adults were tested with Verbal Fluency Test(VFT), Trail Making Test A/B(TMT A/B), Clock Drawing Test(CDT). After the physical exercise, the subjects showed significant changes in the score of CDT(p<0.1). In contrast, there was no significant effect in VFT, TMT A. The results of this study show that occupational therapy with physical exercise program for demented elderly people is a useful therapeutic approach by enhancing the their quality of life through improving and maintaining their executive function.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cognitive function and upper extremity function in the elderly. The articles were analyzed based on patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome using the P.I.C.O. principle. Methods: We systematically examined papers from January, 2000 to November, 2015 published papers through the foreign journals which were Medline & Pubmed for three months. mainly used key words were elderly, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Mild cognitive impairment, age-related, aging, cognitive, upper extremity function, hand function, hand-grip strength, grip force, complex motor function, bimanual, dexterity, UE performance, and coordination. Results: The number of discovered outcomes for association between cognitive function and upper extremity function in the elderly was 7; grip strength & sex are impact on manipulation object, 1. The results show that cognitive function is associated with upper extremity function in the elderly. Conclusion: This study is expected to help selecting intervention, assessment tools according to the individual's degree of cognitive level and upper extremity function. In future domestic research, variety assessment tools need to be used and more qualitative level experiment will be carried out.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.231-248
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to implement a cognitive stimulation activity program and examine its effects elderly people who is capable of daily life and community activities but suffering from per sistent cognitive decline on the elderly's cognitive function, self-efficacy, and depression. The purpose of this study was to help elderly people who is capable of daily life and community activities but suffering from persistent cognitive decline improve their ability to perform and adapt to activity-based tasks incorporating a variety of actions of different subdomains and difficulty levels, ac cording to their characteristics and cognitive levels. The aim of the program created was to systemati cally improve the subdomains of cognitive functions and eventually preventing these conditions develo ping into dementia in those affected. This study also enabled the subjects to improve their self-effica cy through newly gained positive perceptions and attitudes toward their own abilities by successfully expressing their experience or thoughts about circumstantially and relationally meaningful events and memories, and performing activities that promote sensory stimulations. The group activities conducted as part of the study helped the subjects reduce their symptoms of depression not only by expressing their thoughts and emotions, but also by encouraging empathy with, understanding of, and caring for others. Given that this study confirmed the potential of the cognitive stimulation program designed fo r it as a clinical intervention for elderly people with cognitive impairment, it is suggested as a useful preventive program for early stage dementia.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.143-154
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aims to investigate the effect of instrument-activities daily living training through client-centered home visitation on the cognitive functions, occupational performance, and instrument-activities daily living of elderly at the cognitive support grade(Grade6). Methods : The subject of this study was a 66-year-old woman living in G Metropolitan City, who has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's and mild dementia. The study period was from March 17, 2020 through June 12, 2020, and the A-B-A' design, among the individual case experiments, was adopted as the study design. For the data analysis, descriptive statistic and visual analysis using graph were used for the change of cognitive functions, occupational performance, and instrument-activities daily living. Results : The instrument-activities daily living provided through client-centered home visitation improved the subject's cognitive functions, occupational performance(performance, satisfaction) and instrument-activities daily living. Conclusion : This study showed that daily life training through client-centered home visitation can help elderly people at the cognitive support grade select for themselves the problems of daily life caused by cognitive decline and practice specific action plans, thereby enabling them to maintain and improve the cognitive functions necessary for the performance of activities, such as comprehension, memory, and thinking skills. In addition, it is thought that the activities based on the subject's preferences, performance, and sense of importance assured the subject of feelings of motivation and the possibility of participation, and had a positive effect on the subject's performance speed and rate. With the above in mind, Instrument-activities daily living client-centered home visitation is proposed as a potential practical intervention program for individuals. It can help elderly people at cognitive support grade to maintain and improve their functions, thereby delaying the progress of their condition to severe dementia.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1600-1606
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• 2022

Objective: This study was to compares and analyzes programs applied to improve cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia in the community to find out their effectiveness. Methods: In this study, 12 papers were finalized by searching for "elderly", "cognitive", "community", and "program" using the database of the Research Information System (RISS), National Assembly Library, and Korean Studies Information (KISS). Results: Programs for cognitive function were in the order of cognitive stimulation program, arts and crafts, and exercise program. In the program, rather than applying the cognitive stimulation program alone, the program was operated by combining leisure or exercise, music, art, and handicraft. The time was shown to be 30 minutes. The most frequently used evaluation tool was MMSE, followed by GDS and BBS. By cognitive domain, cognitive stimulation program and memory, satisfaction in psychology, and balance ability in exercise were evaluated the most. In the cognitive area, various cognitive stimulation areas were included, and in the exercise area, basic exercise, muscle strength exercise, joint exercise, and balance exercise were applied. Conclusion: Therefore, developing a program to improve cognitive function for mild cognitive impairment, it will be possible to prepare guidelines to establish and development.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2011

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the severity of white matter changes (WMC), risk factors and cognitive domains, including executive function profiles. Method Forty nine subjects over 55 years with subjective memory complaints were assessed with MRI and neuropsychological tests. The WMC were assessed by MRI T2-FLAIR images and divided into 3 groups of mild vs. moderate vs. severe and 2 groups of mild-moderate vs. severe by using Mantyla's criteria and Fazeka's criteria. The risk factors were examined in hypertension, heart disease history and chemistry Lab. Medical conditions which affect to cognitive dysfunction and definite dementia were also excluded. Results Comparing 3 groups, hypertension was identified as a risk factor of the WMC. Comparing 2 groups, total cholesterol and LDL were identified for as the risk factor of WMC. The severity of WMC was significantly associated with cognitive disturbances and their main effect on cognition was working memory and inhibition. Conclusion The risk factors of the WMC in the elderly were hypertension, hyperlipidemia. The severity of WMC appears to be associated with executive dysfunction in the elderly.