• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.329-333
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• 2011

Objective : As medical advances have increased life expectancy, it has become imperative to develop specific treatment strategies for intracranial aneurysms in the elderly. We therefore analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in patients older than 70 years. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and results of neuroimaging modalities on 54 aneurysms of 48 consecutive patients with un ruptured intracranial aneurysms. ($mean{\pm}SD$ age, $72.11{\pm}1.96$ years; range, 70-78 years) who underwent surgical clipping over 10 years (May 1999 to June 2010). Results : Of the 54 aneurysms, 22 were located in the internal carotid artery, 19 in the middle cerebral artery, 12 in the anterior cerebral artery, and 1 in the superior cerebellar artery. Six patients had multiple aneurysms. Aneurysm size ranged from 3 mm to 17 mm ($mean{\pm}SD$, $6.82{\pm}3.07$ mm). Fifty of the 54 aneurysms (92.6%) were completely clipped. Three-month outcomes were excellent in 50 (92.6%) aneurysms and good and poor in 2 each (3.7%), with 1 death (2.0%). Procedure-related complications occurred in 7 aneurysms (13.0%), with 2 (3.7%) resulting in permanent neurological deficits, including death. No postoperative subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred during follow-up. The cumulative rates of stroke- or death-free survival at 5 and 10 years were 100% and 78%, respectively. Conclusion : Surgical clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in elderly group could get it as a favorable outcome in well selected cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.139-148
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of indoor and outdoor environmental changes on the activity of the major lower limb muscles and walking factors in people 40-50 years and those aged older than 70 years. METHODS: Ten middle-aged people in their forties (age:$44.2{\pm}2.7$, BMI:$21.8{\pm}1.8$) and 10 elderly aged more than 70 years (age:$76.4{\pm}5.9$, BMI:$22.2{\pm}1.9$) with a normal walking ability were included. The participants walked 100 m both indoors and outdoors at their own speed. Using a 3D motion analyzer and EMG, the walking speed, angle of the ankle and activity changes of the lower limb muscles were compared. RESULTS: Significant differences in walking speed and peak-plantar flexion angle were observed between the two groups (p<.05). The muscular activity of the gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) was significantly different outdoors in the swing phase between the two groups (p<.05). In the people aged in their forties, the muscular activity of the rectus femoris (RF) was significantly higher outdoors than indoors (p<.05). In the elderly, however, the muscular activity of the RF was lower outdoors than indoors (p<.05). When compared to those in there forties, the muscular activity of the outdoor RF significantly decreased in the elderly group (P<.05). The muscular activity of the biceps femoris (BF) in the elderly decreased significantly outdoors compared to indoors (p<.05). CONCLUSION: For the elderly, increasing the exposure to the new environments or focusing on the performance of repeated movements for gradual speed control and precise movements is required to maintain normal gaits and movements that are less affected by environmental changes.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 2008

Multiple physical changes of the larynx and its components occur with age. Vocal pitch, commonly expressed through measures of fundamental frequency (Fo) relate to physical conditions of the larynx. Available data is lacking for the senescent voice, and should be applied to the of changes of elderly speakers' Fo characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Fo of normal elderly speaker's voice. A total of 406 normal elderly speakers (207 males and 199 females) participated in this experiment. Age ranged from 60 years to 89 years. The subjects were asked to produce sustained corner vowels (/a/ /i/ /u/) three times each and the data were analyzed using the MDVP of CSL. According to the results of this study, the mean Fo from the ages of 60's to 80's shows 143.95Hz(SD 13.94) for men and 185.42Hz (SD 15.29) for women. For men, a significant change is found as a function of age in the Fo (F=16.181, p<.05). A post-hoc Scheffe test revealed significant differences between the Fo data of subjects aged 60's and 70's, 60's and 80's. For women, a significant change is found as a function of age in the Fo (F=49.013, p<.05). A post-hoc $Scheff'{e}$ test revealed significant differences between the Fo data of subjects in their 60's and 70's, 70's and 80's, 60's and 80's. The Fo of men goes up from their 60's to 80's gradually, whereas the Fo of women goes down gradually until their 70's, and after their 70's it again increases. It has been known that diminishing estrogen levels in women in old age may be a factor in lowering Fo, whereas diminishing testosterone levels in men may contribute to a rising Fo. This result may be used as some meaningful guideline and lead the basic data to differentiate between normal aged voice and aged voice disorders.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1183-1191
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the repeatability of nutrient values estimated from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire(SFFQ) for elderly Korean, a sample of 100 participants(45 men, 55 women) were interviewed to complete a SFFQ developed by this study twice at an approximately 3 month interval. The mean age of subjects was 70.4 years. Males(mein=8.75 years) had more education thu females(1.4 years). In males, Nutrient values calculated from the repeat questionnaire were not significantly different from the baseline results by paired t test. Correlation coefficients of most nutrients ranged from 0.4-0.6. For most nutrients,60-73% males classified into the lowest tertile in baseline data belonged to the same tertile in a repeat questionnaire, but these values appeared to be less than 50% for females. These results were comparable to previously published results and confirm that repeatability of nutrient intakes estimated using SFFQs was acceptable. The repeatability of SFFQ was higher for males than females, which implies that years of schooling should be considered in the development of SFFQ for the elderly. Only f3r males, Mean Adequacy Ratio(MAR) of nutrient intake was higher for those who were less nutritionally at risk and less depressed, and physically functioned better. Considering the educational level of the Korean elderly overall, more studies on the development of simpler dietary assessment methods f3r this population are needed.(Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1183-1191, 1998)

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.25-38
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• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to establish an analytic methodology that can objectively evaluate the proverb comprehension levels that vary based on the aging process. Method : This study recruited 70 normal elderly aged ≥ 65 years and performed proverb comprehension tasks using an explanation method. A scoring estimation method was designed on 3 and 5-point scales. The difficulty and discrimination levels were calculated based on the two scales, thereby selecting the final questions and evaluation scale. Results : First, the item discrimination index on the 5-point scale was relatively higher than that on the 3-point scale, and 10 items were finally selected. Second, in terms of proverb comprehension ability, the elderly group aged 70 ~ 84 years showed significantly lower performance than those aged 65 ~ 69 years. Additionally, subjects with ≥ 10 years of education showed significantly higher performance than those with 9 ≤ years of education. Third, the performance of the proverbs comprehension task negatively correlated with the reaction time of the executive function task. Conclusion : Proverb comprehension is a task that can distinctively show a deterioration of brain functions in line with the aging process even among the normal elderly group and therefore, can estimate the difference more effectively with an increase in the score of the evaluation scale.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.311-324
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• 2011

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status of low income elderly women aged ${\geq}$65 years residing in Gyeongnam Masan (n=124). Nutrition intakes, food intake frequency, and health-related behaviors including smoking, drinking, and exercise were investigated. Nutrition intake was calculated by the 24-hour recall method using CAN-pro (ver. 3.0). Average daily intakes of energy were $1,142.3{\pm}39$ kcal (71.4% of EER) in subjects aged 65~74 years and $1,071.0{\pm}41.7$ kcal (66.9% of EER) in subjects aged ${\geq}$75 years and the subjects consumed energy less than both 75% of estimated energy requirement (EER). The proportions of energy derived from protein, fat, and carbohydrate were 15.4:15.5:70.6 (aged 65~74 years), and 15.3:13.4:70.8 (aged ${\geq}$75). Nutrients consumed at less than estimated average requirements (EARs) were Ca (60.4%), P (98.4%), Zn (91%), vitamin E (48% of adequate intake, AI), vitamin $B_1$ (63.3%), vitamin $B_2$ (54%), niacin (87.7%), vitamin C (62.5%), and folate (50.5%). Especially, the intakes of Ca (58%), vitamin E (41% of AI), vitamin $B_1$ (60%), vitamin $B_2$ (50%), folate (46.5%), and vitamin C (54%) were 75% less than the EAR for people aged ${\geq}$75 years. According to the food intake frequency survey, the intakes of calcium, milk, fruits, and vegetables were very poor. In conclusion, this study suggests that a nutritional support program for elderly women of low socioeconomic class must be provided by the government to improve the quality of remaining life.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.124-131
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the perception of dental implant insurance supply and demand for the elderly living in Hongseong-gun and Chungcheongnam-do, as well as the selection criteria regarding dental clinics for dental implant treatment to collect basic data for improving the oral health of the elderly population. Methods: Participants living in Hongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do who were at least 55 years old from November 2020 to March 2021 were included in this study. The chi-square test was performed to examine the age-specific perception of insurance-covered dental implants (p<0.05). Results: The age group that was the most interested in implants was the 70s age group, and the difference between this age group and the other age groups was statistically significant. Those in their 70's, 80's, and 90's or older paid about 600,000 won including dental implants covered by insurance, and there was a significant difference (p<0.05). Those in their 60s, 70s, and 80s estimated the highest value of implants covered by insurance as two and showed a significant difference (p<0.05). The awareness of the dental implant insurance by age showed that all age groups, except for the ≥90 years age group, considered the insurance to be mediocre mostly due to the large co-payment (p<0.05). Conclusion: There were differences by age in the awareness of dental implant insurance, co-payments, number of applications, and insurance coverage. The perceptions on dental implant insurance by age showed that all age groups except for those over 90 years and older, they considered the insurance was just mediocre the most.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.388-393
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• 2021

At present, in Korea, due to developments in medicine and technology and an increasing mean lifespan, the expected lifetime for elderly people is increasing (at 70 years, the expected additional lifespan is 14.8 years for males and 18.3 years for females). However, among all causes of death, malignant neoplasm is ranked first for all ages. Further, the incidence rate of oral cancer tends to increase with age. Thus, oral and maxillofacial surgeons have increased opportunity to experience the 'oldest old' patients with oral cancer. Elderly patients commonly have several comorbidities, poor general condition, limited socioeconomic support, fear of various postoperative complications, and perception of short for the rest of their life. In this situation, the patient, caregiver, and surgeon often choose undergraded treatment rather than standard treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma owing to patient age. In elderly patients with oral cancer, ablation of tumor or reconstructive surgery is challenging for surgeons. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons must evaluate carefully the patient's medical condition and make a decision regarding treatment plans after sufficient discussion with patient and caregivers. We review the literature to consider the factors involved for deciding on a treatment plan regarding surgery in elderly patients with oral cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.152-157
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• 2019

Objectives: The number of elderly patients with systemic basal disease requiring invasive dental treatment has increased. Appropriate prediction of surgical invasiveness and combined use of psychosedation are thought to contribute to safe whole-body management. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) exhibits analgesic and anti-anxiolytic properties and causes mild respiratory depression. Studies regarding DEX use in elderly non-intubated patients are scarce. We aimed to use retrospective data to determine an effective dose of DEX to induce adequate sedation in elderly patients undergoing invasive dental surgery under local anesthesia. Materials and Methods: One hundred two patients aged 70 to 96 years were presumably appropriately controlled with sedation. DEX was administered at an initial loading dose of 2.0 to $3.1{\mu}g/kg/hr$ for 10 minutes. We divided the patients into five groups by age and compared their blood pressures and heart rates. Results: In all five groups, blood pressure decreased suddenly at approximately 15 and 20 minutes after DEX administration. A marked decrease in blood pressure was noted in patients aged 75 to 79 years. Conclusion: For elderly patients aged 75 years and above, the initial loading dose of DEX needs to be reduced to lower than half that required for young and middle-age adults.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.584-592
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between warfarin-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and medication adherence among patients who underwent heart valve replacement surgery. The patients who underwent heart valve surgery and warfarin therapy were included in this study. The data was collected by administering questionnaires, and the data was then analyzed using the SPSS WIN 22.0 program. There was a positive relationship between warfarin-related knowledge and the adherence to medication (r=.285, p=004). Medication adherence was also positively correlated with warfarin-related knowledge (r=.250, p=.046) and self-efficacy (r=.292, p=.019) for elderly patients under 70 years of age. Further, medication adherence of elderly patients over 70 years of age was correlated with only warfarin-related knowledge (r=.358, p=.032). The results of this study show that in order to improve medication adherence, elderly people should be provided with warfarin-related knowledge through individually tailored education and nursing interventions that strengthen self-efficacy, as well as the knowledge that is needed in the elderly group under 70 years old.