• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.268-273
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• 2004

This study is conducted to clarify the effect of internal pressure on the deformation and collapse behaviors of wall thinned elbow under in-plane bending moment. Thus the nonlinear three-dmensional finite element analyses were performed to obtain the moment-rotation curve of elbow contatining various wall thinning defects located at intrados and extrados under in-plane bending (closing and opening modes) with internal pressure of $0{\sim}15MPa.$ From the results of analysis, the effect of internal of collapse moment of elbow on the global deformation behavior of wall thinned elbow was discussed, and the dependence of collapse moment of elbow on the magnitude of internal pressure was investigated under different loading mode, defect location, and defect shape.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2005

Objectives : We got a good effect in two patients not by subcutaneous but by subcutaneous but by intra-articular bee venom injection treatments at traumatic arthritis of elbow joint, so report it. Methods : We used only intra-articular bee venom injection treatments at acute traumatic arthritis of elbow joint. After measured the VAS(visual analogue) and ROM(range of motion) of elbow joint, we bee venom injection effect. Results and Conclusions : The symptoms(swelling, pain) and the functions of elbow joint were quickly improved through intra-articular bee venom injection treatments. One case was improved that Rt. elbow joint flexion was increased from $60^{\circ}$ to $150^{\circ}$, extension was increased from $20^{\circ}$ to $0^{\circ}$. The other case was improved that Lt. elbow joint flexion was increased from $90^{\circ}$ to $150^{\circ}$, extension was increased from $30^{\circ}$ to $0^{\circ}$, and both were decreased in VAS. The results suggest that bee venom intra-articular injection has acute pain reduction, anti-inflammation effect.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.402-409
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of local wall thinning on the collapse of elbow subjected to internal pressure and bending moment. Thus, the nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analyses were performed to obtain the collapse moment of elbow containing various wall thinning defects located at intrados and extrados under two loading modes (closing and opening modes) with internal pressure. From the results of analysis, the effect of wall thinning defect on the global moment-rotation behavior of elbow was discussed, and the dependence of collapse moment of elbow on wall thinning depth, length, and circumferential angle was investigated under different loading mode and defect location.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.55-61
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of circumferential location of local wall thinning defect on the collapse behavior of an elbow. Thus, the present study conducts three-dimensional finite element analysis on the 90-degree elbow containing a local wall thinning at intrados, crown and extrados of bend region and evaluates the collapse moment of wall thinned elbow under various thinning shapes and loading conditions. Combined internal pressure and bending moment are considered as an applied load. The internal pressure of $0\~20MPa$ and both closing and opening mode bending are employed. The results of analysis show that the reduction in collapse moment of the elbow by local wall thinning is more significant for a defect locating at crown than for a defect locating at intrados or at extrados. Also, the effect of internal pressure on the collapse moment of wall thinned elbow depends on the circumferential location of thinning defect and applied bending mode.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.3-7
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• 2001

Although elbows are commonly used in practice, many questions regarding the optimum arrangement still remain unanswered. The effect due to an elbow lasts for a considerable distance downstream of the elbow and is severe when two elbows are in the system. The goal of this study is to provide an effective guide for the optimum arrangement of elbows and the optimum design of the approach piping system.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1995

The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of testing posture and elbow position on grip strength. Two hundred college students 100 males and 100 females aged 18 to 28 years, participated in the study. A Grip-Strength Dynamometer was used to measure the grip strength in two testing posture(sitting and standin) and four elbow position$(0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;90^{\circ}\;and\;135^{\circ}\;flexion)$ correlations and t-test was used to determine any significant difference in grip strength between the testing posture and the elbow position. The results were as follows : 1. The grip strength was affected by testing pasture and flexion degree of elbow. 2. The grip strength was stronger in the standing than sitting in subjects 3. The grip strength decreased according to elbow flexion increase in subjects. 4. The higher grip strength gained in the standing with the elbow 0 flexion. 5. The grip strength by elbow flexion degree showed significant difference at sitting and standing posture. The grip strength was significant differenced by testing position at same elbow flexion degree.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.622-628
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of local wall thinning on the collapse of elbow subjected to internal pressure and bending moment. Thus, the nonlinear 3D finite element analyses were performed to obtained collapse moment of elbow containing various wall thinning defects under two loading; modes (closing and opening modes) and defect locations (intrados and extrados). From the results of analyses, the influence of wall thinning defect on the global moment-rotation behavior of elbow was discussed, and the dependance of collapse moment of elbow on wall thinning depth, length, and circumferential angle was investigated under different loading mode and defect location.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was investigated the effect on grasp and pinch strength according to degree of flexion in elbow joint. Methods : Thirty male and thirty female students, aged 20 to 31 years were tested for using opened positioning with their shoulder abduction at $55^{\circ}$ and shoulder horizontal adduction at $30^{\circ}$ in four elbow flexion($0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$). An electronic dynamometer(E-LINK V900s Evaluation System)and goniometer were used to measure grasp and pinch strength. Results : The average grasp strength of the dominant hand was strongest at elbow $45^{\circ}$ however, weakest at elbow $135^{\circ}$ flexion in both of male and female. The average pinch strength of the dominant hand was strongest at elbow $135^{\circ}$ flexion in both of male and female. The average pinch strength of dominant hand was weakest at elbow $45^{\circ}$ flexion in both of male and female. According to degree of elbow flexion in both of male and female, grasp and pinch strength was no significant statistically. In analyzing correlations, the grasp strength of male showed the most significant difference at elbow $45^{\circ}$ & $90^{\circ}$ flexion, and the pinch strength was most significant difference at elbow $0^{\circ}$ & $45^{\circ}$ flexion. Conclusion : In analyzing correlations, the grasp strength of female showed the most significant difference at elbow $90^{\circ}$ & $135^{\circ}$ flexion, and the pinch strength was most significant difference at elbow $45^{\circ}$ & $90^{\circ}$ flexion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.493-500
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• 2012

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of self-controlled feedback on proprioception in elbow flexion. METHODS: Thirty young adult volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to one of three groups (self-controlled, yoked, control). Power and velocity in elbow flexion was measured by PRIMUS RS (BTE Tech., Hanover, U.S.A). Statistical analysis was used multivariate ANOVA to know effect of self-controlled feedback on proprioception in elbow flexion. Post hoc was used Scheffe. RESULTS: In acquisition phase to practice effect, variable errors in self-controlled group was significantly low scored more than yoked and control group. In retention phase to learning effect, variable errors in self-controlled group was significantly low scored more than yoked and control group. CONCLUSION: Self-controlled feedback was more effective on movement control when the learner could make a decision about receiving feedback after the trial. This seems to support the view that self-controlled feedback benefits learning, because learners can make a decision about feedback based on their performance on a given trial.