• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.89-90
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• 2002

Ball reducer (HERB Drive: High Efficient Wave Rolling Ball Drive) with waved grooves has many advantages over other types of reducers for high-reduction ratio, low noise and low energy loss, etc. The mechanism of force transmission is very similar to that of cam and follower in automobile valve train system especially in contact behaviors. In this study, we have investigated the traces of contact between ball and outer ring, and the dynamic contact behaviors of elastohydodynamic lubrication(EHL) with a certain reduction ratio. In order to verify the contact behaviors between ball and outer ring for the critical endurance lift, the contact velocity and load are computed for a cycle. During some intervals of a cycle, the contact velocity reverses its direction very suddenly. It is expected that changing the contact direction causes undesirable endurance performance because EHL film frequently col lapse at the moment of velocity reversal. From the computational investigation in this work, we hope to predict similar contact damages in other machinery due to this kind of contact behaviors, which is very typical in many contact phenomena.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.343-353
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• 1999

The role of viscosity index improver's(Ⅶ) additives for modem engine lubrication is complex. Under the condition of atmosphere or low shear rate, the characteristics of Ⅶ added lubricant is verified and quoted frequently for mathematical model of lubricant behavior. However, recent research shows that added lubricant has the characteristics of shear thinning at high shear rate condition although it performs well enough over the whole range of working temperature. At high shear rate, they show significant decrease of apparent viscosity irrespective of temperature. Many experimental researches verify that Ⅶ added lubricant shows boundary film layer formation on the solid surface as well as shear thinning effect by its polymeric molecular characteristics. The intend of our research is to verify the effects of Ⅶ from the viewpoint of continuum mechanics, because conventional Reynolds'equation with only pressure-viscosity relation cannot fully predict the lubricant behavior under the Ⅶ added condition. In these aspects, Reynolds'equation of Newtonian fluid model lacks the reflection of real fluid behavior and there is no way to explain the non-linear characteristics of Ⅶ added lubricant. In this research, we mathematically modeled the Ⅶ added lubricant behaviors which are the characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid behavior at high shear rate and boundary film formation on the solid surface. The consideration of elastic deformation in the contact region is also included in our computation and finally the converged film pressure and the film thickness with elastic deformation are obtained. The results are compared with those of Newtonian fluid model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1996.04b
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• pp.133-141
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• 1996

The rolling piston type rotary compressor has become one of the most successful types because of its compactness and high-speed operation. The analysis described here is part of a research program directed toward maximising these advantages in refrigerant compressors. The study of lubrication characteristics in the critical sliding component is essential for the design of refrigerant compressors. Therefore, theoretical investigation of the lubrication characteristics of rotary compressor for refrigeration & air-conditioning system is studied. And the Newton-Raphson method is used for the EHI. analysis between vane and rolling piston in the rotary compressor. The results show that the rotational speed of shaft and the discharge pressure have an important effect upon the friction force and the energy loss between vane and rolling piston. This results give important basic data for the further lubrication analysis and design of the rotary compressor.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 1996

In this paper, a finite difference method and the Newton-Raphson method are used to evaluate the Hamrock and Dowson's EHL film thickness formulas in elliptical contact problems. The minimum and central film thicknesses are compared with the Hamrock and Dowson's numerical results for various dimensionless parameters and with their film thickness formulas. The results of present analysis are more accurate and physically reasonable. The minimum film thickness formula is similar with the Hamrock and Dowson's results, however, the central film thickness formula shows large differences. Therefore, the Hamrock and Dowson's central film thickness formula should be replaced by following equation. $H_{c} = 4.88U^{0.68}G^{0.44}W^{0.096}(1-0.58e^{-0.60k})$ More accurate film thickness formula for general elliptical contact problems can be expected using present numerical methods and further research should be required.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.132-139
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• 2004

Many researches about the contacts between cam and follower have investigated EHL film thickness either without dynamic loading effect or only with curve fitting formula such as Dowson-Hamrock's, because including squeeze film effect makes it hard to obtain convergence and stability of computation. Therefore, inaccurate information about minimum film thickness without dynamic loading condition causes inappropriate design of cam profiles and wrong selection of cam and follower materials. In this work, computation tools both for kinematics and dynamics of valve train system of push-rod type and for fluid film thickness with elastic deformation on the basis of dynamic loading condition with multigrid multi-level method is developed. The computational results of minimum film thickness with the respects of both static and dynamic loading conditions are compared for the contact of flat follower over the entire cycle.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.255-259
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• 2002

The tribological properties of eight different liquid crystals were investigated in a concentrated point contact device and a ball-on-flat contact. For comparison, the same tests were also performed with commercial greases and the corresponding base oils. Under the fully flooded conditions studied, liquid crystals in a concentrated point contact showed lower friction than commercial greases and greater film thickness dependence on rolling speed than grease base oils or greases. Test results also showed that the film thickness and friction were little influenced by the composition of the examined liquid crystals.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 1998

In many practical lubricated contacts such as a rough concentrated contact on the sliding of nominally flat surfaces, the fluid may be of molecular (nanometer) scale owing to the asperity interactions on the surfaces. Under this condition, there is insufficient lubricant on the concentrated contact spot to maintain a realistic continuum. Rheological behavior for this kind of concentrated contact has been studied extensively to know whether the application of viscous fluid model is appropriate. The interaction of two rough surfaces is simplified as perfectly flat-rough surfaces contact under certain conditions by "composite topography" and for a nanometer scale fluid film, three kinds of rheological fluid behavior are analyzed in elastohydrodynamic asperity point contact.t contact.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2012

Tapered roller bearings are widely used in high axial-load and radial-load applications. In this study, a numerical analysis is performed to study a finite line contacts EHL problem between a tapered roller and raceway in tapered roller bearings. Converged solutions are obtained for moderate load and material parameters using a finite difference method with non-uniform grids and the Newton-Raphson method. The contours and sectional plots of pressure distribution and film shape are compared. The pressure distribution and film shapes near both ends of the roller are very different from those in the central part and are transversely asymmetric. The maximum pressure and absolute minimum film thickness always occur at the small end of the roller.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 1996

The connecting rod bearing, which is subjected to periodical dynamic loading, is an impoRant component of the reciprocating engine. In the operation of this bearing, significant parameters are the oil film thickness and the film pressure. Peak film pressures of 20-30 MPa are not uncommon. So the elastic deformation of the bearing housing can have a significant effect on the bearing performance. In this study, a numerical analysis of connecting rod bearing is investigated. Elastic deformation of the bearing housing is considered in the analysis. Separate hydrodynamic and structural analysis are coupled through a direct iterative process. It is shown that as the result of the elastic deformation of the bearing housing, the eccentricity ratio is increased, and the minimum value of the minimum film thickness and the maximum value of the maximum film pressure are decreased. The variations of rotational speed and cylinder pressure affect the minimum film thickness and the maximum film pressure variations of the connecting rod bearing.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2009

The numerical analysis of elastohydrodynamic lubrication for the ball and roller bearings is performed in order to study the effect of the number of rolling elements and the shaft load on the minimum film thickness. A finite difference method and the Newton-Raphson method are used in the analysis. For a given shaft load, the maximum load of rolling element is determined along with the number of rolling elements. And then the minimum film thickness is calculated for several rolling bearings. The shape of film thickness and the pressure distribution are also studied.