• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2013

This paper presents the results of finite element simulations of elastic wave propagation in an underwater steel plate and the verification of a proposed method utilizing elastic wave-based damage detection. For the simulation and verification, we carried out the following procedures. First, three-dimensional finite element models were constructed using a general purpose finite element program. Second, two types of damages (mechanical defects and deteriorations) were applied to the underwater steel plate and three parameters (defect location, defect width, and depth) were considered to adjust the severity of the applied damages. Third, elastic waves were generated using the oblique incident method with a Gaussian tone burst, and the response signals were obtained at the receiving point for each defect or deterioration case. In addition, the received time domain signals were analyzed, particularly by measuring the magnitudes of the maximum amplitudes. Finally, the presence and severity of each type of damage were identified by the decreasing ratios of the maximum amplitudes. The results showed that the received signals for the models had the same global pattern with minor changes in the amplitudes and phases, and the decreasing ratio generally increased as the damage area increased. In addition, we found that the defect depth was more critical than the width in the decrease of the amplitude. This mainly occurred because the layout of the depth interfered with the elastic wave propagation in a more severe manner than the layout of the width. An inverse analysis showed that the proposed method is applicable for detecting mechanical defects and quantifying their severity.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.1063-1075
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• 2013

극한지 지반의 설계정수 산정을 위해 동결토의 강도 특성은 매우 중요한 요인이며 이를 파악하기 위해서는 동결토의 기본적인 특성을 파악하는 것이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 동결토의 구성 성분 및 물리적 구조를 반영하는 탄성파에 대한 기초적인 정보를 제공하기 위해 포화도에 따른 동결토의 탄성파 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 시료를 동결시키기 위해 동결 용 셀을 제작하였으며 포화도가 각각 10%, 40%, 100%인 시료를 조성하였다. 시료가 동결되는 동안 탄성파를 측정하기 위해 전단파 트랜스듀서로서 벤더엘리먼트를 사용하였으며, 압축파 트랜스듀서로서 피에조 디스크 엘리먼트를 사용하였다. 포화도가 다른 세 가지 시료의 온도가 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $-10^{\circ}C$까지 변하는 동안 압축파 및 전단파 신호를 측정하였으며, 이를 토대로 탄성파 속도, 공진주파수 및 진폭의 변화를 파악하였다. 또한 탄성파 속도를 이용해 포화도가 다른 동결토의 포아송 비를 분석하였다. 시료가 동결된 이후에 포화도가 큰 시료의 탄성파 속도가 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한 탄성파 속도와 공진주파수의 변화는 매우 유사하게 나타났고 그 변화는 동시에 발생하였다. 압축파와 전단파의 진폭은 시료가 동결되는 $0^{\circ}C$에서 각기 다른 양상을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 동결토의 구조적 매커니즘에 대한 정보를 제공하는 탄성파 특성을 시료의 포화도에 따라 파악하고자 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Composites Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2007

이 논문에서는 섬유강화 복합재료에서의 초음파의 거동에 대해 파동의 모드, 방향, 자유표면에서의 반사파의 반사계수 등을 예측하는 해석적인 방법을 소개한다. 이 논문은 또한 복합재료의 자유표면에서 반사가 일어날 때의 특이한 현상을 새로이 고찰하였는데, 이는 완도면(slowness surface)만을 고려하면 존재할 것으로 예상되지만 실제로는 존재하지 않는 반사파에 대한 것이다. 이는 입사파가 유사횡파일 경우, 입사각이 이 논문에서 새로 정의된 제3임계각을 넘어설 경우 나타나는 현상이다. 본 논문의 내용은 초음파검사와 같은 해당 분야에 종사하는 연구자들에게 유용한 가이드라인을 제시할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.673-678
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• 1997

Stress wave propagations in an elastic half space to a normal point force of ramp type in time are analyzed. The governing equations are transformed by applying the Laplace and Hankel transforms with respect to time and radial distance. The inversion of Laplace transforms are performed by employing the Cagniard-de Hoop method, where the Rayleigh waves at surface are obtained by including the residue terms. The stress waves computed at the location very cose to the surface are shown to be almost identical to the surface waves obtained by the residue method except the Rayleigh wavefront. It is found that at the surface, the stresses are dominated by the Rayleigh waves, whose amplitudes increase linearly with time when time is very large. It is also found that in the interior part, the radial stress has a logarithmic singularity at the shear wavefront, while tangential stress shows no singularity.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

대기의 온도가 $0^{\circ}C$ 이하로 내려가면 지표면의 물이 얼기 시작한다. 체적팽창을 수반하는 지반의 동결현상은 흙의 거동에 영향을 미치며 지반구조물의 심각한 피해를 야기한다. 본 연구의 목적은 지표면에서 지반 내부로 진행되는 자연적인 동결현상을 반영할 수 있도록 제작된 동결용 셀을 이용하여 모래-실트 혼합토의 온도변화에 따른 탄성파의 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 나일론으로 제작된 동결용 셀에 모래와 실트로 구성된 시료를 조성한 후 시료의 깊이별로 상부, 중앙부 및 하부에 설치된 세 쌍의 벤더 엘리먼트와 피에조 디스크 엘리먼트를 이용하여 전단파와 압축파를 측정하였다. 시료의 온도가 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $-10^{\circ}C$로 변하는 동안 시료의 깊이에 따른 탄성파 속도, 공진주파수, 진폭을 연속적으로 측정하였다. 시료가 동결됨에 따라 전단파와 압축파의 속도 및 공진주파수는 $0^{\circ}C$에서 큰 변화를 보였으며, 전단파와 압축파의 진폭은 각기 다른 경향을 나타내었다. 상온에서 전단파 속도는 유효응력의 영향을 받지만 흙이 동결된 후에는 흙입자와 얼음의 결합력에 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 흙의 동결에 따른 탄성파 특성의 기초적인 정보를 제공한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.117-135
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• 2009

The reflection and transmission of micropolar thermoelastic plane waves at the interface between an elastic solid and micropolar generalized thermoelastic solid is discussed. The interface boundary conditions obtained contain interface stiffness (normal stiffness and transverse stiffness). The expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients which are the ratios of the amplitudes of reflected and transmitted waves to the amplitude of incident waves are obtained for normal force stiffness, transverse force stiffness and welded contact. Numerical calculations have been performed for amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves. The variations of amplitude ratios with angle of incident wave have been depicted graphically. It is found that the amplitude ratios of reflected and transmitted waves are affected by the stiffness, micropolarity and thermal distribution of the media.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

In this paper, we established the generalized thermoelasticity phenomenon in an isotropic elastic medium considering the electromagnetic field, rotation and two-temperature. Three theories of generalized thermoelasticity have been applied: Lord-Shulman (one relaxation time), Green-Lindsay (two relaxation times), as well as the coupled theory. We discussed some particular cases in the context of the wave propagation phenomenon in thermoelasticity. From solving the fundamental equations, we arrived that there are three waves: P-, T- and SV-waves that we calculated their velocities. The boundary conditions for mechanical stress and Maxwell's stress and thermal insulated or isothermal have been applied to determine the amplitudes ratios (reflection coefficients) for P-, T - and SV waves. Some utilitarian aspects are obtained from the reflection coefficients, presented graphically, and the new conclusions have been presented. Comparisons are made for the results predicted by different theories (CT, LS, GL) in the absence and presence of the electro-magnetic field, rotation, as well as two-temperature on the reflection of generalized thermoelastic waves. The results obtained concluded that the external parameters as the angle of incidence, electromagnetic field, rotation as well as the theories parameters have strong effect on the phenomenon.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1130-1147
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• 2014

Large size ships have a very flexible construction resulting in low resonance frequencies of the structural eigen-modes. This feature increases the dynamic response of the structure on short period waves (springing) and on impulsive wave loads (whipping). This dynamic response in its turn increases both the fatigue damage and the ultimate load on the structure; these aspects illustrate the importance of including the dynamic response into the design loads for these ship types. Experiments have been carried out using a segmented scaled model of a container ship in a Seakeeping Basin. This paper describes the development of the model for these experiments; the choice was made to divide the hull into six rigid segments connected with a flexible beam. In order to model the typical feature of the open structure of the containership that the shear center is well below the keel line of the vessel, the beam was built into the model as low as possible. The model was instrumented with accelerometers and rotation rate gyroscopes on each segment, relative wave height meters and pressure gauges in the bow area. The beam was instrumented with strain gauges to measure the internal loads at the position of each of the cuts. Experiments have been carried out in regular waves at different amplitudes for the same wave period and in long crested irregular waves for a matrix of wave heights and periods. The results of the experiments are compared to results of calculations with a linear model based on potential flow theory that includes the effects of the flexural modes. Some of the tests were repeated with additional links between the segments to increase the model rigidity by several orders of magnitude, in order to compare the loads between a rigid and a flexible model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권4호
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• pp.443-459
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• 2022

The paper studies the dispersion and attenuation of propagating waves in the "plate+compressible viscous fluid layer" system in the case where the fluid layer flow is restricted with a rigid wall, and in the case where the fluid layer has a free face. The motion of the plate is described by the exact equations of elastodynamics and the flow of the fluid by the linearized Navier-Stokes equations for compressible barotropic Newtonian viscous fluids. Analytical expressions are obtained for the amplitudes of the sought values, and the dispersion equation is derived using the corresponding boundary and compatibility conditions. To find the complex roots of the dispersion equation, an algorithm based on equating the modulus of the dispersion determinant to zero is developed. Numerical results on the dispersion and attenuation curves for various pairs of plate and fluid materials under different fluid layer face conditions are presented and discussed. Corresponding conclusions on the influence of the problem parameters on the dispersion and attenuation curves are made and, in particular, it is established that the change of the free face boundary condition with the impermeability condition can influence the dispersion and attenuation curves not only in the quantitative, but also in the qualitative sense.