• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2018

Nowadays, many tunnels have been commissioned for several decades, which require effective inspection methods to assess their health conditions. The ambient vibration test has been widely adopted for the damage identification of concrete structures. In this study, the vibration characters of tunnel lining shells built with forepoling method was analyzed based on the analytical solutions of the Donnell-Mushtari shell theory. The broken rock, foreploing, rock-concrete contacts between rock mass and concrete lining, was represented by elastic boundaries with normal and shear stiffness. The stiffness of weak contacts has significant effects on the natural frequency of tunnel lining. Numerical simulations were also carried out to compare with the results of the analytical methods, showing that even though the low nature frequency is difficult to distinguish, the presented approach is convenient, effective and accurate to estimate the natural frequency of tunnel linings. Influences of the void, the lining thickness and the concrete type on natural frequencies were evaluated.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.571-586
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• 2013

This paper focuses on the buckling capacity of a hybrid grid shell. The eigenvalue buckling, geometrical non-linear elastic buckling and elasto-plastic buckling analyses of the hybrid structure were carried out. Then the influences of the shape and scale of imperfections on the elasto-plastic buckling loads were discussed. Also, the effects of different structural parameters, such as the rise-to-span ratio, beam section, area and pre-stress of cables and boundary conditions, on the failure load were investigated. Based on the comparison between elastic and elasto-plastic buckling loads, the effect of material non-linearity on the stability of the hybrid barrel vault is found significant. Furthermore, the stability of a hybrid barrel vault is sensitive to the anti-symmetrical distribution of loads. It is also shown that the structures are highly imperfection sensitive which can greatly reduce their failure loads. The results also show that the support conditions pose significant effect on the elasto-plastic buckling load of a perfect hybrid structure.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2005

For assessing residual lift of the steam pipe in fossil power plants, inspections and analysis are usually focused on the critical locations such as butt welds, elbows, Y-piece and T-piece of the steam pipes. In predicting the residual life of T-piece, determination of local stress near welds considering system load as well as internal pressure is not a simple problem. In this study, stress analysis of a T-piece pipe was conducted using a three-dimensional model which represents the T-piece of a domestic fossil power station. Elastic and elastic-creep analysis showed the maximum stress level and its location. Residual creep rupture life was also calculated using the stress analysis results. It was argued that the calculated life is reasonably same as the measured one. The stress analysis results also support life prediction methodology based on in-field replication technique.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2010

Modified 9Cr-1Mo steels possess excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and are widely used in energy conversion industries. However, in-service materials degradation, such as softening, carbide-induced embrittlement, temper embrittlement, etc., can take place during long-term operation. Evolution of microstructure due to service exposure to high temperature has a strong effect on the performance of heat resistant steels. In case of modified 9Cr-1Mo steels, precipitation of $Fe_2Mo$-type laves phases and coarsening of $M_{23}C_6$-type carbides are the primary cause of degradation of mechanical properties such as toughness, hardness, tensile strength and creep resistance. This study was aimed at finding reliable parameter for assessing the integrity of modified 9Cr-1Mo steels. Characteristic parameters were attained between mechanical and ultrasonic properties.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.515-532
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• 2016

The elastoplastic response of functionally graded material (FGM) beams resting on a nonlinear elastic foundation to an eccentric axial load is investigated by using the finite element method. The FGM is assumed to be formed from ceramic and metal phases with their volume fraction vary in the thickness direction by a power-law function. A bilinear elastoplastic behavior is assumed for the metallic phase, and the effective elastoplastic properties of the FGM are evaluated by Tamura-Tomota-Ozawa (TTO) model. Based on the classical beam theory, a nonlinear finite beam element taking the shift in the neutral axis position into account is formulated and employed in the investigation. An incremental-iterative procedure in combination with the arc-length control method is employed in computing the equilibrium paths of the beams. The validation of the formulated element is confirmed by comparing the equilibrium paths obtained by using the present element and the one available in the literature. The numerical results show that the elastoplastic post-buckling of the FGM beams is unstable, and the post-buckling strength is higher for the beams associated with a higher ceramic content. Different from homogeneous beams, yielding in the FGM beam occurs in the layer near the ceramic layer before in the layer near metal surface. A parametric study is carried out to highlight the effect of the material distribution, foundation support and eccentric ratio on the elastoplastic response of the beams.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-53
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• 2012

터널 설계 시 사용되는 지반 물성치는 불확실성을 내포한다. 본 연구에서는 최적의 지반물성치를 찾기 위해 터널 계측자료를 활용하여 MATLAB 프로그램의 인공신경망 분석 기능을 이용한 역해석을 수행하였다. 터널 내공변위에 많은 영향을 주는 탄성계수와 측압계수를 변화시켜 총 81개의 학습자료를 구축하였다. 최적의 학습모델을 구축하기 위해 은닉층 수와 노드(node) 수 및 학습율과 관성항을 변화시켜가며 매개변수 연구를 수행하였다. 한편 최적의 학습모델은 평균제곱오차(MSE, Mean Squared Error)와 결정계수($R^2$)를 비교하여 선정되었고, 이를 이용하여 정확한 지층의 탄성계수와 측압계수를 찾았다. 향후 주어진 지반조건에서 최적의 터널 지보패턴을 결정하는 등의 목적으로 본 연구에서 제시된 방법이 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.631-637
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• 2005

This paper presents a stiffness analysis method for a low-DOF parallel manipulator, which takes into account of elastic deformations of joints and links. A low-DOF parallel manipulator is defined as a spatial parallel manipulator which has less than six degrees of freedom. Differently from the case of a 6-DOF parallel manipulator, the serial chains in a low-DOF parallel manipulator are subject to constraint forces as well as actuation forces. The reaction forces due to actuations and constraints in each limb can be determined by making use of the theory of reciprocal screws. It is shown that the stiffness model of an F-DOF parallel manipulator consists of F springs related to the reciprocal screws of actuations and 6-F springs related to the reciprocal screws of constraints, which connect the moving platform to the fixed base in parallel. The $6{times}6$ stiffness matrix is derived, which is the sum of the stiffness matrices of actuations and constraints. The six spring constants can be precisely determined by modeling the compliance of joints and links in a serial chain as follows; the link can be considered as an Euler beam and the stiffness matrix of rotational or prismatic joint can be modeled as a $6{times}6$ diagonal matrix, where one diagonal element about the rotation axis or along the sliding direction is zero. By summing the elastic deformations in joints and links, the compliance matrix of a serial chain is obtained. Finally, applying the reciprocal screws to the compliance matrix of a serial chain, the compliance values of springs can be determined. As an example of explaining the procedure, the stiffness of the Tricept parallel manipulator has been analyzed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.625-632
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• 2010

콘크리트의 탄성계수 결정을 위해 다양한 시험기법이 사용되고 있다. 충격공진시험(IR: impact resonance test)은 비파괴시험으로서 간편한 시험장치와 단순한 시험방법이며 반복성이 뛰어나다. 또한 충격공진시험은 탄성계수 뿐만 아니라 감쇠비 결정이 가능하다. 이 연구에서는 콘트리트 시편에 대한 충격공진시험의 다양한 영향요소(시편거치 방법, 충격하중원의 특성, 신호획득 속도 등)를 평가하고 최적의 시험조건을 제시하였다. 이 연구에서 적용한 모든 시험조건 범위에서 충격공진시험에서 측정된 결과의 변동량은 공진주파수 결정에 있어서 ${\pm}0.3%$, 감쇠비 결정에 있어서 ${\pm}10.0%$로 나타났다. 충격공진시험에서 결정된 탄성계수와 정적시험에서 결정된 탄성계수를 변형률 크기를 고려하여 비교하면 비교적 서로 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.689-697
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• 2018

This paper presents a model of the elastic curve for rectangular beams with straight haunches under uniformly distributed load and moments in the ends considering the bending and shear deformations (Timoshenko Theory) to obtain the deflections and rotations on the beam, which is the main part of this research. The traditional model of the elastic curve for rectangular beams under uniformly distributed load considers only the bending deformations (Euler-Bernoulli Theory). Also, a comparison is made between the proposed and traditional model of simply supported beams with respect to the rotations in two supports and the maximum deflection of the beam. Also, another comparison is made for beams fixed at both ends with respect to the moments and reactions in the support A, and the maximum deflection of the beam. Results show that the proposed model is greater for simply supported beams in the maximum deflection and the traditional model is greater for beams fixed at both ends in the maximum deflection. Then, the proposed model is more appropriate and safe with respect the traditional model for structural analysis, because the shear forces and bending moments are present in any type of structure and the bending and shear deformations appear.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examined the possibility of muscle strength and balance ability improvement through coordinative locomotor training by making a difference on the supporting plane using a resistance band for adolescent athlete of Taekwondo sparring athletes. Methods: A total of 22 students were selected as to the participants of the study, and 11 students each were randomly assigned to the control and experimental group for coordination locomotor training using a resistance band on stable and unstable supporting surface. The training period was 60 min, three times a week, for 8 weeks in total. To confirm changes on balance ability of each participant, balance assessment devices are used. Moreover, surface electromyography was used for muscle strength evaluation. Results: After coordinated locomotor training using a resistance band for 8 weeks, the difference bet ween groups was not significant; Also, the improvement in strength was no significant difference in other muscles in the between groups, but there was a significant in the muscle activity of the rectus muscle of the right thigh in the experimental group. Conclusion: The participants demonstrated that coordinative locomotor training using the elastic band on an unstable supporting surface was able to obtain junctional effects for the prevention of exercise injuries in youth taekwondo sparring athletes, and muscle activity exercise of the rectus muscle of the right thigh was particularly effective.