• 한국가금학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2011

본 시험은 밀기울 위주의 환우용 사료로 유도환우한 경우 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 공시계는 65주령 White Leghorn 산란계 200수를 이용하였다. 처리구는 환우를 하지 않는 비환우 대조구(CO), 절식 환우구(FW), 기존 환우 사료 급이구(UM), 옥수수-밀기울 위주의 환우 사료 급이구(CW), 밀기울 위주의 환우 사료 급이구(WM)의 총 5처리구, 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 10수씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 환우 개시 전에는 모든 처리구에서 섭취량이 유사하였으나(P>0.05), 1주째 환우용 사료 급이구에서는 섭취량이 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 3주째 이후로는 모든 처리구에서 사료 섭취량에 유의적 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). FW구의 시험계들은 1주째 1,337 g으로 초기 체중에서 18.6%의 체중 손실이 있었으며, UM, CW, WM구에서는 체중 손실이 11.4, 14.2, 17.4%로 나타났다(P<0.05). 1주령에 환우 처리구에서 산란율이 급격히 감소하였으며, FW구에서는 1주째, UM, CW, WM구에서는 2주째에 산란이 급격하게 감소하였으며, FW구에서는 2주째에 산란이 정지되었다. 산란 회복 기간을 보면 FW구는 3주째 산란이 재개되었으며, UM, CW, WM구에서는 4주째 이후로 산란이 회복되었다. 난질(난각 두께, 난각 강도, 호우유니트)은 8주째 환우 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 결과적으로, 밀기울 위주의 환우용 사료는 체중 감소에 효과적이었으며, 난각 강도, 난각 두께 및 Haugh Unit가 크게 향상됨을 보여 주었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2021

본 연구는 토종닭 종계의 산란능력 검증을 위해 국립축산과학원 가금연구소의 토종닭 순계로 생산한 종계 9개 조합의 생산능력을 비교 및 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 16주 체중은 CY조합이 1,604.9 g으로 가장 높았고 DK 조합이 1,424.4 g으로 가장 낮았다. 종계 9개 조합의 시산일령은 118.6일로 나타났고 YD 조합이 111.6일로 가장 빠르고 DK 조합이 126일로 가장 느린 시산을 보였다. 일계 산란율은 CF, CK 및 DK 조합이 74% 이상으로 높게 나타났다. DK 조합은 시산일령이 느려 일계산란수가 114.4개로 낮았으나 높은 일계 산란율을 보여 다른 조합에 비해 산란지속성이 우수할 것으로 사료된다. 난중은 DK 조합이 20주령 43.9 g, 36주령 58.1 g으로 모든 주령에서 월등히 무겁게 나타났다. 난질에서 난각색은 F와 K가 사용된 조합이 밝은 난각색을 보였고, 계란무게 형질은 DK와 CF 조합이 무겁게 나타났다. 난각 강도와 난각 두께는 DK 조합이 각각 3.8 kg/cm², 0.38 mm로 우수하였다. 종합하면, CF와 DK 조합이 산란능력 및 계란품질이 우수하게 나타났으며 부계로 Y 계통을 사용한 YC, YD 및 YK 조합은 대부분 형질의 성적이 저조하게 나타났다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2006

본 시험은 남은 음식물을 산란계 사료에 1, 3, 5, 10 및 20% 첨가하여, 산란계의 사료 섭취량, 산란율 및 계란 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 시험축은 50주령 산란계(White Leghorn종) 162수를 이용하였으며, 처리구는 남은 음식물을 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20% 첨가하여 4주간 급여하였다. 시험기간 중 사료 섭취량, 난중은 첨가수준별과 주령별 처리구 사이에 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 그러나 산란율은 FW 20% 처리구에서 1, 2, 3 주째 산란율의 감소가 있었으나, 4주째 회복하였다(p<0.05). 난각 두께와 난황 계수는 전 처리구에서 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), 난각 강도는 3주째와 4주째에 10% FW 처리구에서 각각 $4.13kg/cm^2$와 $4.04kg/cm^2$로 나타나 첨가 수준에 따른 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 호우 유니트와 난황색은 20% FW 처리구에서 4주째에 각각 92.3과 9.4로 남은 음식물 사료의 첨가 수준에 따라 주령별 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과 FW를 20% 이상 첨가시에 산란율이 감소했지만, 5% 첨가시에 산란율이 유지되었으며, 난질이 개선되어 남은 음식물 사료의 영양소 요구량 수준 개선으로 사료 자원으로서 가치가 증진될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2000

The effect of supplemental microbial phytase and non - phytate phosphorus(NPP) levels on layer productivity and nutrient digestibility were conducted in 640 21 weeks - old HyLine brown layer for 12 weeks. Supplemented phytase levels were 0, 300, 500 and 1,000 DPU/kg diet. NPP levels were adjusted with tricalcium phosphate(TCP), which were 0(0.11% NPP), 0.5(0.20), 1.0(0.29) and 1.5%(0.38). ME, CP and Ca levels were maintained at 2,800㎉/kg diet, 16% and 3.5%, respectively. Egg production was increased with phytase compared to without phytase(P〈0.05). Increasement of egg production was higher latter of experimental period. Egg production was not different to phytase levels. Egg production in TCP levels were increased in above 0.5% compared to 0% TCP. Difference of egg production by TCP was higher after 6 week. Especially, egg production to supplemental phytase was higher in 0% TCP. Egg weight was not different to phytase and TCP levels. Egg mass was increased with phytase compared to without phytase, but not difference significantly. There was similar to phytase levels. Egg mass in TCP group was increased in TCP supplementation(P〈0.05). Feed intake was not different in phytase levels, and greater with increasing TCP levels(P〈0.05). Feed conversion was improved with phytase(P〈0.05), and not difference in TCP levels. All of nutrients digestibility tended to improve with phytase, P(P〈0.05), especially. There were not different among phytase levels. The effect of adding phytase was higher in low phosphorus diets compared normal levels. Eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness also improved in added phytase(P〈0.05). Tibial ash and P content were slightly increased with phytase, and Ca content also was higher(P〈0.05) compared without phytase. We concluded that supplemental phytase in low phosphorus diet was showed to increase laying performance, feed efficiency, nutrients digestibility, egg quality, and bone development. Phytase supplementation was able to compensate for low NPP diet. We also thought optimum phytase level is 300 DPU, and can decrease NPP supplementation adding phytase in later diet.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of adding phytase on nutrient availability and serum Ca and P level and to determine the effects of phytase on laying performance and egg quality in laying hens. In Exp. 1, twenty four laying hens(1.9kg average body weight and 78.4% egg production) were allotted to four treatments. Treatments included 1) corn-soybean meal based-control diet and 2), 3) and 4) control diet with phytase 200, 400 and 600 unit/kg, respectively. There were no significant effects of treatments on dry matter and nitrogen digestibility(P〉0.05). Ash, Ca and P digestibility in layer fed diet with phytase were greater than those in layer fed control diet(P〈0.05). Laying hens fed diets with phytase 200 and 400 unit retained more Ca than those fed other treatments (P〈0.05). No statistical difference was found for Ca exsretion(P〉0.05). P retention was greater for laying hens fed diet phytase 600 unit than other treaments(P〈0.05). P level in serum was higher for laying hens fed diets with phytase 400 and 600 unit than for laying hens fed other treatments. In Exp. 2, three hundred, IAS Brown layer, 40-week-old, divided into two treatment groups(control vs phytase supplementation without inorganic phosphate in the diets) with five replications per treatment and 30 layers per replication were fed the diets for 6 weeks. Egg production, egg weight and eggshell breaking strength and thickness were not different significantly(P〉0.05). In conclusion, phytase supplementation can be used to increase P utilization and retention in laying hens. Also, phytase supplementation was effective to spare inorganic phosphate in laying hen diets without any adverse effects on production performances.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 1999

The objects of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary several supplemental probiotics on performance and intestinal microflora of Lohmann brown laying hens from 68 to 80 weeks. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 18.0% CP and 2,720㎉/kg ME. Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus salvarius isolated from piglet(LSP) were fed at the level of 0.1 and 0.2% in a one way design. There were four replicates of 40 hens each per treatment. Egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio(FCR), eggshell quality were measured at every four weeks and intestinal microflora were examined at the end of experiment. Egg production of bird fed 0.2% individual probiotics was significantly higher than that of control(P 0.05). Birds fed the diet containing 0.2% LSC and LSP had significantly lower FCR than other treatments(P 0.05). However, egg weight of birds fed control and 0.2% BS diet showed higher than other treatments. Feed intake of 0.2% BS and 0.1% LSP treatment was significantly higher than other treatments, but was not consistency of all treatments(P 0.05). Eggshell breaking strength and thickness of hens fed probiotics tended to increase compared to that of control, but was not significantly different. Intestinal anaerobes, Lactobacillus spp. and yeast of hens fed all tested probiotics were significantly increased compared to those of control. The number of intestinal E. coli of all probiotics treatments except 0.1% LSP tended to decrease. Intestinal Lactobacillus spp. was increased significantly by 0.1% dietary LSC, whereas intestinal yeast showed significant increase in LSP treatments(P〈0.05). The results of this experiment indicated that feeding probiotics to laying hens improved the egg production, FCR and increased beneficial microflora.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2016

This study aimed to determine the effect of different dietary level of rice bran extract (RBO) on the laying performance, egg quality, blood parameter, cholesterol, and fatty acids in yolk of Hy-Line Laying hens. In all, 144 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (29 weeks old) were randomly allocated to one of 4 dietary treatments, with 4 replicates per treatment. A commercial basal diet was used and three additional diets were prepared by supplementing 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 g/kg of RBO to the basal diet. The experimental diets were fed on an ad libitum basis to the bird during 8 weeks. Hen-day egg production increased (quadratic, p<0.05) with inclusion level of RBO, but feed intake, egg weight, and egg mass were not influenced by inclusion of level of RBO in diet. However, the supplementation of RBO did not have an effect on eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg yolk color, and HU during the feeding trial. There were no significant differences in the level of leukocyte. However, heterophil and lymphocytes decreased (quadratic, p<0.01) with inclusion level of RBO. H:L ratio tended to decrease (linear p=0.08) with inclusion level of RBO. As expected, increasing inclusion level of RBO in diets decreased (linear, p<0.01) the concentrations of total cholesterol in plasma. AST, ALT, glucose, and albumin were not affected by inclusion of RBO in diets. Egg yolk cholesterol increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with inclusion level of RBO in diet. The results of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of RBO improves laying performance and decreased total cholesterol and egg yolk cholesterol levels in laying hens. Therefore, dietary RBO is considered a valuable functional ingredient to improve the performance of birds.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2018

본 실험은 산란계의 주령이 계란의 품질에 미치는 효과를 조사하고자 국내 집하장 15개소에서 주령별 원료란 50개를 5주간 채취하여 난중과 계란 내 외부 품질을 평가하였다. 총 8,300개의 계란을 집하장에서 세척 등 등급판정 생산 공정전 무작위로 채취하였다. 산란계의 주령은 20~65주령으로 5단계의 주령으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 주령이 증가할수록 난중은 증가하였으며, 호우유닛은 감소하였다. 난황색은 25~35주령에서 가장 높게 조사되었다. 오염란의 발생비율은 18~25주령에서 가장 높았으며, 26주령 이상에서는 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 계란의 외관평가에서 점란과 사포란의 발생비율은 주령이 증가할수록 증가하였지만, 칼슘스프레싱과 misshapen egg는 18~25주령에 가장 높게 조사되었다. 파각 발생율은 주령과 함께 증가하였으며, 파각의 유형에서는 별과 머리카락 모양이 높은 수준으로 발견되었다. 구멍 모양은 전 구간에 걸쳐 1% 미만으로 조사되었다. 혈반은 전 구간에 낮게 발견되었지만, 56~65주령에서 가장 높았다. 육반은 혈반과 비교하여 높은 수준으로 발생하였으며, 56~65주령에서는 10%이상 발견되었다. 본 연구에서는 청결상태를 나타내는 오염란의 비율이 높은 수준으로 조사되어 세척 공정이 필요할 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 주령이 증가할수록 파각이 많이 발생하고, 육반이 상대적으로 높은 수준으로 조사되었다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 계란의 내 외부 품질을 향상 시킬 수 있는 전략과 더불어 육안으로 확인이 불가능한 파각란에 대한 관리 대책이 필요하겠다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.689-703
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• 2019

The term quality or freshness of eggs in industrial production still poses concerns regarding whether washing is necessary. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the effects of different storage times and temperatures and to perform a comparison between washed and unwashed eggs. A total of 1000 washed and 1000 unwashed egg samples were stored at three different temperatures (5, 10, and $25^{\circ}C$) for 0 - 8 weeks and were used for the data collection. On the designated day, the eggs were processed to evaluate their internal and external quality traits, such as the Haugh unit, airspace volume, eggshell strength, pH, and microbiological profile. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the washed and unwashed eggs for each quality trait. The results indicate that storage between 5 and $10^{\circ}C$ better preserved the quality of eggs compared with the storage at $25^{\circ}C$ throughout the days of the storage. Overall, this study suggests that the storage time and temperature have a vital role in maintaining the quality of eggs which were significantly affected during storage. In addition, all the quality parameters differed between the washed and unwashed samples which is further responsible for deteriorating the quality of the eggs.