• 한국어류학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

멸종위기어류 흰수마자의 난발생 및 초기생활사 연구는 생물학적 특성 및 복원을 위한 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 실시하였다. 성숙난은 암컷에 Ovaprim을 주사(0.5 mL/kg)하여 얻었으며 건식법으로 인공수정시켰다. 성숙란은 회색의 분리 침성난이었으며, 산란수는 $1,015{\pm}199$개, 난경은 $0.74{\pm}0.08mm$였다. 수정난은 수온 $23^{\circ}C$에서 수정 후 9시간 30분 동안 $2.94{\pm}0.10mm$까지 지속적으로 커졌고, 26시간 후에 부화하였으며, 부화직후 전기자어는 전장 $3.4{\pm}0.07mm$였다. 부화 후 3일에는 전장 $4.4{\pm}0.1mm$로 난황을 모두 흡수하였으며 먹이를 섭식하기 시작하였고, 부화 후 13일째에는 전장 $6.8{\pm}0.50mm$로 모든 지느러미 기조가 정수가 되어 치어기로 이행하였다. 부화 후 80일에는 전장 $27.7{\pm}2.32mm$로 체형과 체측반문이 비교적 성어와 유사하였다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.178-185
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• 1997

1996년 11월부터 부산, 통영, 거문도 및 완도 연안에서 낚시와 자망에 의해 채집한 어미들을 육상수조로 운반하여 체내에서 수정된 난을 인위적으로 채란하여 난의 형태, 난발생과정 및 자어의 성장에 따른 형 태 변화를 관찰하였다. 1. 쏨뱅이의 수정란은 구형으로 무색 투명하며, 난경은 0.76~0.82 mm (n=50)이고, 부화에 소요된 시간은 상실기 이후 $13.7^{\circ}C$에서 약33시간 30분이였다. 2. 부화 직후의 자어는 전장 1.62~1.68 mm로, 몸은 길고 입과 항문은 열려있지 않고, 근절은 7~8+16=23~24개로 아직 정수에 달하지 않았으며, 막상의 가슴지느러미가 약하게 존재한다. 3. 부화 14일째의 자어는 전장 3.52~3.80 mm로, 가슴지느러미가 막상으로 크게 분화하고, 처음으로 복강에 흑색소포가 출현하며 이 시기에 난황이 완전히 홉수되어 후기 자어로 이행한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.449-455
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• 1991

The water striders, gerris paludum insularis larvae which were fed with the drosophila melanogaster cultured on the appli diet and artificial diet, were reared in the growth cabinet controlled as the two constant temperature regimes of 25 c and 30 c under the condition of photoperiod 16l : 8d, light intensity 510 240 lux, relative humidity 65 3%, and in the natural state. The effects of temperature and diet on the devolopment of g. paludum insularis were analyzed and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The total developmental period of the water strider larvae fed with the d. melanogaster reared on the apple diet at the natural stste was the longest 40 days, and the total devopmental periods at 25 c and 30 c were 35 days and 27 days respectively. The tolal developmental period of larvae fed with d. melanogaster reared on the artifical diet at 25 c was the longest 42 dats, and the total developmental periods at natural stste and 30 c were 32 days and 27 days, respectively. 2. In the larval developmental stages, the fifth stage was longer than that of any stage. The duration of egg stage which was not influenced by diet at 25 c was the longest. 3. The water strider larvae fed which the d. melanogaster reared on the artificial diet at 25 c did not complete their devolopment. 4. No significant difference was odserved in the developmentperiod for diet at 30 c. but, there were significant differences in developmental periods for diet at 25 c and natural state. 5. The rate of adult emergence on the apple diet was higher than that of the artificial diet was higher than of the artificial diet. 6. The shapes of the survivorship curve were convex-curve. 7. The development periods of the larval stages of water striders might be affected to temperature and diet dependently.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.478-484
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• 2008

To elucidate the spawning behavior and early life history of Liobagrus mediadiposalis, mature male and female fish were collected from a branch of the Seomjin River. Spawning was induced by injecting hormones, and then the spawning process and development of fertilized eggs, larvae, and juveniles were observed. Observations of spawning behavior showed that the female established a territory and built a spawning nest, and frequently pressed on the upper ventral part of the male to release her eggs. When spawning was finished, the fish supplied fresh water to the egg mass using their pectoral and caudal fins. Hatching began 189 h 20 min after fertilization at $21.5-23.5^{\circ}C$ (mean $22.7^{\circ}C$). The mean total length (TL) of newly hatched larvae was 7.18-7.39 mm (mean 7.31 mm). Their mouth and anus were already open and they had 14+24=38 myotomes. Eighteen days after hatching, the larvae were 12.71-13.79 mm (mean 13.27 mm) in TL and the yolk sac was absorbed completely. At 35 days after hatching, when all the fin-rays had formed, the juveniles were 15.84-17.92 mm (mean 16.33 mm) in TL.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.471-478
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• 1993

Culicoides arakawae is a kind of the main blood sucking insects of domestic fowls and serves as a vector of Leukocytozoom caulleryi, the causative protozoon of chicken leukocytozoonosis. In this study, the complete life history of C arakawae was cycled by laboratory colonization. Adult midges were collected from various poultry farm by light trap. The laboratory colonization was performed under the conditions of constant temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 80% or above. The hatched larvae were cultured in larval medium consisted of rice field mud and activated charcoal powder. The surface of medium was continuously flowed with biologically conditioned water. The fine powder meal composed of pellet feed for mice and equal mount of yeast was supplied for feeding larvae at every 72 hours. The life cycle completed at $25^{\circ}C$ in 35~35 days ; the period of preoviposition, egg. larval and pupal stage was 2~3, 3~4, 28~30 and 3 days, respectively. The measurements of the eggs, the lst instar larvae, the 4th instar larvae and pupae was $36.28{\mu}m{\pm}1.95$, $13.58{\mu}m{\pm}0.72$, $4000{\mu}m{\pm}1.47$ and $219.95{\mu}m{\pm}6.25$ in $mean{\pm}S.D.$, respectively. In order to confirm experimental colonization of C arakawae in laboratory, the colonized adult midges were allowed to suck blood from chicken infected with L caulleryi. The oocysts and sporozoites could be identified in midguts and salivary grands of engorged midges at 72 hours after blood sucking.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 1984

전남지방의 밤 집단재배단지에서 피해가 확대되고 있는 밤바구미의 피해율, 발생시기, 토중의 월동부위, 월동후의 사충율의 변이에 대한 시험을 계획한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전남지방 밤 단지의 밤바구미 피해율은 담장 $26.4\%$, 광양 $21.1\%$, 승주 $12.9\%$였으며 이 지역은 참나무류가 많이 혼재되어 있었다. 2. 월동유충의 약 $3.33\%$가 1년차에 우화되었고, $22.78\%$가 2년차에, 그리고 $1.67\%$가 3년차로 계속 월동중이었다. 3. 밤바구미의 우화시기는 7월 중순부터 9월 중순까지였고 그 최성기는 8월 중순에서 9월 상순이었다. 4. 밤바구미 피해종실로부터의 유충 탈출시기는 10월 상순부터 11월 상순이었다. 5. 밤바구미의 난기는 5.95일, 용기는 17.17일, 성충의 수명은 암컷 9.10일, 숫컷 7.03일 이었으며 유충기간은 매우 다양하여 측정하기 어려웠다. 6. 밤바구미는 월동유충은 상중 $16\~26cm$에 많이 분포하였다. 7. 월동후 일수경과에 따른 사충율과는 고도의 유의상관관계$(r=0.970^{**})$가 인정되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2004

Early development and metamorphosis of the ascidian (Halocynthia hilgendorfi ritteri) were investigated from fertilized egg. The samples were collected in the coastal waters of Yongdam, northwest of Jeju Island in November 2002. H. hilgendorfi ritteri was solitary ascidian and produced spheral eggs with egg size ranging from $0.33\pm0.01\;mm.$ On the outer surface of the vitelline coat are attached many follicle cells. At $21.0\pm0.5^{\circ}C$ of water temperature, first cleavage took place in about 1.5 hrs after fertilization, and gastrulation followed in about 12.5 hrs. The formation of tailbud embryos and free swimming larvae were observed 13.3 hrs and 20.5 hrs after fertilization, respectively. The size of newly hatched tadpole larva was 1.30-1.45 mm, the larva swam for 2 hrs to 14 hrs. At 4 hrs after hatching, the palpi were lost and tail absorption began with an abrupt rupture of the anterior end of the notochord. At 17-18 hrs after hatching, tail completely absorption and remained trunk. The coniform adhesive papilla began protrusion at 30 hrs after hatching. The oral and atrial siphon formed at 6-7 days after settlement. At 17-18 days after settlement, metamorphosed the larvae developed into protoascidian of which the external morphology was similar to their adult.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.435-438
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• 1997

Twelve newborn goat kids born of philippine does (3.5 and 5 years old) were used in this study. Four mother (candidate) doe goats were randomly allocated to each group. The mother does were infected orally with three levels (0, 15,000 and 30,000 larvae) of infective Haemonchus contortus larvae. Before infection all animals were housed in individual pens with concrete floors. They were provided with a uniform management. Estrus of does were synchronized using PGF2 alpha. All the animals were bred naturally by the same buck. Baby goat born of infected mother goats were divided into three groups. $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$), respectively, from mother treatment groups. Birth weight and growth of goat kids born from H. contortus infected mother goats were determined. Birth weights of kids of $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ were 1.9, 1.5 and 1.2 kg, respectively. No significant (p > 0.05) differences in birth weight of kids for the 3 treatment groups were found. However, significant (p < 0.05) effects of stomach worm infection and duration of infection on liveweight gain of kids were observed. After second and third week of birth, respectively, the kids of groups 3 and 2 registered lover liveweight gains than the kids in control group. However, no significant (p > 0.05) difference in liveweight gain was found between the kids of infected mother does. Fecal egg counts of the infected mother does showed patent infections which also indicated by postmortem worm counts. However, no worm egg was found in the feces of the test kids.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2002

멸강나방의 발육과 생식에 먹이(옥수수잎, 벼잎, 배추잎,양배추잎, 콩잎 그리고 누에인공사료)가 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 알과 번데기기간은 먹이간에 유의성이 없었으나, 유충기간은 유의성이 있었다. 총발육기간(알에서 성충까지)은 옥수수잎에서 32.5일로 가장 짧았고 콩잎에서 46.6일로 가장 길었다. 부화 후 16일째의 유충 무게는 벼잎과 누에인공사료에서 무거웠던 반면, 고구마잎과 양배추잎에서는 가벼웠고 용화하지 못했다. 번데기 무게는 벼잎에서 가장 무거웠다. 부화유충에서 성충까지의 생존율은 옥수수잎에서 70.6%로 가장 높았고, 콩잎에서 39.8%로 가장 낮았다. 암컷 성충의 수명은 먹이간에 큰차이는 없었다. 암컷 한 마리당 평균 총산란수는 벼잎, 옥수수및, 누에인공사료에서 사육한 경우가 배추및, 콩잎보다 많았다. 1세대 순증가율(R$_{0}$)은 누에인공사료에서 1218.5로 가장 높았으며, 내적자연증가율(R$_{0}$)의 범위는 0.115-0.175로 옥수수잎에서 가장 높았다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제8권
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• pp.51-62
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• 1968

1. 수원지방에서 다화성잠저승의 세대회수는 5~6회이다. 2. 다화성잠저승의 란, 유충, 용, 기간은 대체적으로 2일, 8일, 18일 간이다. 3. 기상조건 특히 온도에 대하여 본충의 세대기간은 큰 영향을 받는다. 각세대중에서 가장 짧은 세대는 제3세대로서 21일 14시간이고 가장 긴 세대는 제5세대로서 약40일 간이다. 4. 가잠에 기생한 본충의 유충은 탈출후 3.5cm-10.5cm 토중으로 들어가 화용한다. 5. 다화성잠저승은 용태월동을 하지 않고 유충태월동을 한다고 생각된다. 6. 실외사육에 있어서 본충에 대한 피해는 27.9% 였다. 7. 견잠에 있어서 다화성잠저승의 피해를 받을지라도 영견가능하고 견질에 대하여 큰 영향이 없다. 8. 수견후 본충의 전국 피해조사에 있어서 춘잠기가 6.36%, 추잠기가 4.09%, 년간 5.25%였다.