• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.181-184
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• 1987

우리나라의 아동에서 요충감염의 양성을 알아보기 위하여 서울지역의 국민학교 학동 936명과 전북 옥구군에 위치한 농촌지역의 국민학교 학동 308명 그리고 서울 난지도에 거주하고 있는 92명의 아동에 대하여 Graham 씨법으로 검사하였다. 서울지역의 국민학교 학동에서는 936명중 114명에 요충란이 검출되어 12.2%의 양성율을 나타내었고, 농촌지역의 국민학교 학동에서는 308명 중 77명이 충란 양성자로 25.0%의 양성율을 나타내었다. 난지도에 거주하고 있는 92명의 아동에서는 요충란 양성자가 26명으로 28.3%의 양성율을 나타내었다. 서울지역 국민학교 학동의 충란양성율은 농촌지역 국민학교 학동의 양성율보다 낮았으며 같은 서울지역에서는 난지도 아동에서 충란양성율이 높았다. 남자 아동의 충란양성율은 여자 아동에서의 충란양성율보다 낮았으며, 국민학교 학동의 경우 고학년이 될수록 양성율이 저하되는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1998

A nondestructive quality inspection technique using acoustic impulse response method was developed for eggshell inspection. An experimental system was built to generate the impact force, to measure the response signal and to analyze the frequency spectrum. This system includes an impulse generating unit, an egg holding seal a microphone with preamplifier, and a DSP board installed on Personal Computer. A simple algorithm .was developed for crack detection. Using the developed system with algorithm, crack detection ability was evaluated and the error rate to estimate the normal egg as cracked was found to be 4% and the error rate to estimate the cracked egg as normal was also found to be 4%. This system could be adopted in industry with some modification.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.368-375
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• 1995

A computer vision system was built to generate images of a stationary egg. This system includes a. CCD camera, a frame grabber, and an incandescent back lighting system An image processing algorithm was developed to accurately detect surface holes and surface cracks on eggs. With 20W of incandescent back light, the detection rate was shown to be the highest. The Sobel operator was found to be the best among various enhancing filters examined. The threshold value to distinguish between the crack and the translucent spots was found to be linear with the average gray level of a whole egg image. Those values of both gray level and area were used as criteria to detect holes in egg and those values of both area and roundness were used to detect cracks in egg. For a sample of 300 eggs, this system was able to correctly analyze an egg for the presence of a defect 97.5% of the time. On the average, it took 59.5 seconds to analyze an egg image and determine whether or not it was defected.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 1999

This study was conducted to develop an automatic egg inspection system for detecting creaked eggs based on acoustic impulse response. This system includes a sound generator, a sound sensor with signal conditioner, and a computer. The sound generator that hit the sharp of the dull edges of an egg was constructed with a ceramic ball pendulum attached to a rotary type solenoid. The signal conditioner included a pre-amplifier and a digital signal processing (DSP) board. The parameters for distinguishing cracked and normal eggs were the area, the geometric centroid and the resonance frequency of power spectrum of the acoustic signal generated. An algorithm for on-line detection of the continuous transferring eggs was developed. The performance tests resulted with 91% success rate to separate cracked and normal eggs at the rate of 1 second per an egg.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.243-252
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• 1974

The experiment was performed in order to investigate the applicability of the rapid detection of salmonellae in various animal-origin foods by means of the direct fluorescent antibody technique. Egg, sausage and chicken were inoculated with various concentrations of Sal.paratuphi A, Sal. paratyhi B and Sal. thompson, and the fluorescent antibody technique was applied and compared with the conventional cultura method for the sensitivity of detection of the organisms. Two methods were employed in the fluorescent antibody technique; the direct smear method in which the smear being made directly from the specimens, and the enrichment smear method in which the smear being made from the enrichment broth. The effect of various enrichment time (1,5,8,11 and 13 hours) in tetrathionate broth on the detection of salmonellae in the fluoresent antibody technique was also studied. The results obtained were summarized as followings; 1. Of the three methods, the enrichment smear method of fluorescedt antibody technique was highly effective as cultural method for the detection of salmonella organisms. 2. Direct smear method of fluorescent antibody technique was effective as two other methods $5{\times}10^4$ organisms presented in 50 g(ml) of specimens. This method may not be applicable when the specimens contained $5{\times}10^2$ or less organisms. 3. Of the three specimens, the recovery rate of Salmonella organisms from egg was slightly higher than that of sausage and chicken. 4. In fluorescent antibody technique and cultural method, the specimens inoculated with Sal. thompson were found to be higher detection rate than the specimens inoculated with Sal. paratyphi A, 5. The optimum enrichment time of Salmonella organisms in tetrathionate broth on the detection by fluorscent antibody technique was found to be 11 hours or longer when the specimens of egg, sausage and chicken were inoculated with approximately 500 organisms. The longer enrichment time was the higher detection rate up to 11 hours tested.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.279-281
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• 2000

Pre-school children were examined for the presence of Enterobius vermicularis egg by perianal swab method. We visited 67 nurseries and 25 kindergartens between January, 1999 and April, 1999 in Chunchon, Korea. Of the 4,711 children examined, 434 (9.2%) were found to be positive for E. vermicularis egg. The egg positive rates of boys and girls were 10.1% and 8.1%, respectively. The rates were 7.8% in kindergartens and 9.7% in nurseries. Positive rate of 50 institutions was less than 10%. Rate in 35 institutions was from 10% to less than 20%. Rate in 7 institutions was equal to or over 20%. Out of 1,113 children examined twice, 28 (2.5%) children were positive consecutively, 53 (4.8%) were positive with negative conversion, 47 (4.2%) were negative with positive conversion, and 985 (88.5%) were consecutively negative. It means that in the low endemic area of enterobiasis with around 10% positive rate, the two consecutive examinations may increase the egg detection rate of 4.2-4.8%. The small number of consecutive egg positive children also suggests that the worm burden of the positive children might be low. Since the egg positive rate of that a9e group in this City increased from 1.85% (1997), and 3.0% (1998), the more intensive regular control should be executed.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1999

목 적 : 최근에 생활 환경과 식생활의 수준 등이 향상되고 농경작의 현대화가 이루어지면 서 토양 매개성 기생충 질환(회충, 편충, 구충 등)은 크게 감소되었으나 사람이 유일한 숙주 인 요충의 감염은 쉽게 전파될 뿐만 아니라 재감염이 잘 되고 특히 소아에서 많이 감염된다 고 알려져 있다. 국내에서의 요충 감염율은 검사 시기, 대상, 지역에 따라서 차이는 있으나 1960~1980년대나 최근에 있어서나 높은 감염율을 나타내고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 마산, 창원과 인근 농촌지역에서 요충 감염율을 조사하고 치료에 대한 효과를 보기 위하여 실시하였다. 방 법 : 97년 11월 4째주와 12월 1번째 주에 마산시에 소재한 초등학교 1곳, 어린이집 2곳, 창원시에 소재 개인 소아과 의원1곳, 창녕군 남지읍에 소재한 초등학교 1곳을 선정하여 보호자들에게 설문지와 안내문, 검체 채취용 슬라이드를 나누어 주어 이른 아침, 첫 대변을 보기 전에 항문주위도말법(adhesive cellotape anal swab)으로 검체를 채취하도록 하였다. 수집한 검체는 경북대학교 의과대학 기생충학교실로 보내져 광학 현미경으로 충란의 유무를 확인하였다. 결 과 : 1) 전체 대상 아동 644명 중 17.7%인 114명에서 요충란이 발견되었으며 남녀의 비는 1:1.1로 나타났다. 2) 연령별 분포에서는 학동기전 아동이 145명중 29.0%인 42명, 학동기 아동은 499명중 14.4%인 72명에서 요충란이 발견되었으며 학동기전 아동들의 충란 검출율이 학동기 아동들 보다 통계적으로 의미 있게 높았다(p<0.05). 3) 도시와 농촌의 초등학교에서 감염율은 각각 15.2%, 13.7%로 나타나 차이가 없는 것으 로 나타났으며(p>0.05) 3학년 이하의 저학년일수록 감염율은 높았다(p<0.05). 4) 충란 검출율이 높았던 마산시 소재 한 어린이집에 수용되어 있는 아동과 가족, 종사자들에게 flubendazole 100mg을 3주 간격으로 2회 먹인 후 검사한 결과 치료전 41.0%의 검출 율을 보이다가 치료 후 6.0%로 떨어졌다. 결 론 : 요충의 감염 경로 및 전염력을 감안하면 어린이 집단에서 요충의 감염율은 상당히 높을 것이라고 사료되며 따라서 조속한 시일내에 요충 감염의 조사와 집단 치료가 필요할 것이라고 생각된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.205-208
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• 1986

국민학교 학동에 있어서 요충감염율을 조사하기 위해 1985년 9월부터 11월까지 도시지역 국민학교 학동 326명, 농촌지역 학동 243명, 어촌지역 학동 291명을 대상으로 Graham 씨법으로 요충 충란 양성율을 조사하였다. 첫째 도시지역 학동의 요충 충란 양성율은 13.8%로써 농촌지역 학동에서의 55.6%, 어촌지역 학동 46.7%에 비해 월등히 낮았다. 둘째 남자학동의 요충 충란양성율 31.2%는 여자 학동에서의 43.5%에 비해 현저히 낮았다. 세째 국민학교 학동의 학년이 높아질수록 요충충란 양성율이 낮아졌으며, 이같은 성적은 남자와 여자학동 모두에서 공통적이었다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.94-101
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• 1987

Enterobiasis is common helminthic infections found in man. But control of this disease is still troublesome because of its difficulty in the d diagnosis and prevention of infection. Considering the difficulty of accurate diagnosis of pinworm infection, which is very common and somewhat pathogenic, reevaluation of cellotape anal swab method for the diagnosis of enterobiasis was performed. A total of 147 children ranging the ages of 1-12 years in 3 orphanages in the suburbs of Seoul, Korea was subjected for this study. Repeated cellotape anal swabs were carried out against 70 children, 7 times for 3 days interval, in the morning 6am. Finally 10 mg/kg body weight pyrantel pamoates were given to all children including egg negative cases and whole stools of 3 following successive days were collected for the confirmation of residual worm ourden at the time of treatment. Cellotape anal swabs were also performed to another 77 children at 6am, 3pm, 9pm, twice for 3 days interval. The resultant findings were summarized as follows; 1) While the each time average detection rate of Enterobius egg was 28.8% in this study group, the accumulative detection rate up to 7th examination was 62.8%. The accumulative detection rate rose continuously up to 6th examination. 2) After administration of pyrantel pamoate 10 mg/kg body weight, final infection rate was increased to 72.9% by adding worm positive cases who didn't show any evidence of infection in the cellotape anal swabs. 3) Although pinworms were detected in 35 among 70 children treated, 7 cases (20%) of them were egg negative cases in 7 consecutive cellotape anal swabs. 4) Pinworms were expelleded in 14 (87.5%) among 16 children whose swab result was positive in the last examination which was done concurrently with drug administration. 5) Estimated infection rate calculated by best asymptotically normal estimate of Neuman from Moriya's modification revealed 71.5% similar to 72.9% of present results. 6) The result of anal swab performed at 6am was higher than that of 3pm or 8pm. In conclusion, cellotape anal swab method for Enterobius vermicularis infection was considered as method having relatively high positive accuracy. However to gain the reliable infection rate, at least 6 examination is required in the group with 25-30% infection rate by single swab. Moriya's modification of Neuman could be used efficiently in the mass control of this diease for the estimation of true infection rate of E. vermicularis in the sampled population.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1983

The soil-transmitted helminthes, such as ascaris, whipworm, hookworm and trichostrongylus, have been considered as the most prevalent parasitic diseases in a matter of several decades ago in Korea. In facts, the attached eggs and/or larvae to the vegetables have been played a great role on the transmission to human because of raw eating the vegetables without the proper recipe. The aims of this study is to outline the attached helminthes egg in vegetables and to define whether the detection rates on them show a decreasing pattern or not in present. The subjected vegetables were collected from the three markets which are located at Goo-Pa Bal, Soo-Yoo Dong, Cheon-Ho Dong in suburban area, Seoul from April to May 1983. A total of 180 samples including such as 60 Korean cabbages, 60 young radishes and 60 Korean onions were examined. For the detection of helminthes eggs, the both methods of formalin-ether sedimentation and zinc-sulfate floatation were applied. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The detected eggs of ascaris, whipworm, hookworm, trichostrongylus and either filariform larvae or rhabditoidform larvae of hookworm, as well as unknown ones were found in vegetables subjected. 2) Out of 180 subjects, the overall detection rate showed 48 (26.7%). And in case of Korean onion, the rate revealed 22 heads (36.7%) among 60, 17 heads (28.3%) out of 60 Korean cabbages, 9 roots (15.0%) out of 60 young radishes respectively. 3) The ascaris eggs were detected 6 heads (10%) out of 60 Korean cabbages, while the filariform larvae of hookworm appeared in 7 heads (11.7%) among 60 Korean onions. 4) In the results of present study, the detection rates in vegetables were appeared to be the marked decreasing tendency as like 28.3%, 36.7%, 15% compared with 96%, 100%, 88% of previous investigators (Choi et al. 1967)each on Korean cabbage, Korean onion, young radish.