• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.83-90
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to set desirable directions for Korea's egg industry by comparing and analyzing the egg distribution structure and policies between Korea and other countries. Research design, data and methodology: We analyzed the current state of egg distribution in Korea, and based on this analysis, we derived problems. In addition, by comprehensively analyzing the egg distribution structure and policy issues in the US, EU, and Japan. Results: As a result of the analysis of the egg distribution status and policy in the country to be analyzed, it was found that for the development of the egg industry in Korea, it is necessary to unify the distribution system for transparent and stable management of the egg distribution process. It was found that detailed and clear information creation and management of egg production and distribution processes were required. Conclusions: We need to establish a regional egg distribution facility base and stipulate that eggs produced in Korea must be compulsorily traded through the regional facility base. Seemingly, scaling-up of the industry is the priority, but the government is promoting various policies to expand small and medium-sized egg joint markets, with limitations in improving the problems of the existing egg distribution structure.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

The present study intended to analyze and detect any possible shortcomings in the current egg distribution system in Korea through a questionnaire. The institutional system and cases of operation thereof in advanced countries such as the USA, Japan, and Germany for the development of the egg distribution industry in Korea. The results revealed the following issues: absent pricing system, ineffective egg distribution, and difficulty in balancing supply and demand. Suggestions for addressing these issues and the subsequent improvement were based on cases found in the instated systems of advanced countries, and were given as follows: (i) The existing GP Center needs to be separated from the farms of laying hens, and the current institutional system and its operations need to be improved and should be approved by the government. Parallel to the institutional improvement, establishing a distribution system centered on the GP Center would be desirable. (ii) Egg pricing regulations are needed as a standard to determine the price of eggs. (iii) The reinforcing control standards and securing means for egg preservation are pertinent to each stage of egg distribution and should take into account environmental factors such as egg preservation temperature to guarantee high hygiene standards and egg safety.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.957-965
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• 2013

This study simulated the egg vertical distribution of mackerel Scomber japonicus in Korean waters using general numerical models. All eggs were spawned naturally by raising broodfishes (May-June 2013), and the egg specific gravity was measured by a density-gradient column. CTD surveys provided environmental data (e.g., temperature and salinity) in May near Jeju Island, Korea. The egg specific gravity during the early stages ranged from 1.0203-1.0211. In general, the fertilized eggs showed a gradual decline in egg specific gravity until full development of the main organs, with a sudden increase just before hatching. Modeled egg vertical distributions were influenced more by wind speed than by egg buoyancy and vertical structure of the sea water. During calm and normal wind speeds, the eggs were distributed from the surface to 25-m depths. Under strong wind conditions (three times higher than the normal speed), the egg concentration on the surface decreased, and the egg distributional depth was deeper (~50 m).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 2000

We investigated the distribution of the marine cladoceran resting eggs in the intertidal sediments of Gomso Bay, Korea and compared the data with those in the subtidal sediments. The abundance of the eggs in the top 6cm of the sediments was higher than that in the other depths. The abundances of the eggs in seaward intertidal sediments below mean sea level (MSL) were higher than those in the sediments over MSL, but were not significantly different from those in the subtidal sediments. The distribution of the resting eggs of cladocerans in the intertidal sediments was affected by the grain-size and moisture content of sediments. The results of the present study suggest that the intertidal sediments as well as the subtidal sediments are a potential egg bank which plays important roles in population dynamics of zooplankton in coastal waters, in particular, recruitment of eggs into plankton.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2011

Background: To evaluate the changes in the radiation dose and temperature distribution on irradiated egg albumin and nanoparticle ($Fe_3O_4$) powder mixed egg albumin. Methods: A new type of phantom was designed by fabricating a $30{\times}30{\times}30cm$ acryl square inside a $3{\times}3{\times}3cm$ small square and dividing it into two parts. In the control group, only egg albumin was irradiated, and in the test group, 25 nm 20 mg/cc, 25 nm 40 mg/cc, and 1 um 40mg/cc nanoparticles with egg albumin were irradiated. The radiation isodose distributions and temperature changes were then observed. Results: No significant changes were observed in the radiation dose and temperature distribution. Conclusion: The nanoparticles were considered not to have had any effect on the radiation dose and temperature distribution under the experimental conditions. Further studies can be conducted based on the changes in the mixture material.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.107-116
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• 2013

Purpose - Eggs are nutritionally complete and one of the most popular natural foods. Moreover, the poultry industry is one of the important food industries. However, early industrialization of the poultry industry on its own did not lead to further development compared to other livestock industries. In this study, we investigate what factors influence consumers' behavior and how consumers' understanding of retail business affects their propensity to consume. This study is different from other studies as it analyzes how the brand names of manufacturers and distribution companies affect the purchasing characteristics or actual purchase behavior of consumers in order to suggest how these manufacturers and distribution companies can increase their competitiveness. Research design, data, methodology - This study conducted a survey of 250 randomly selected egg purchasers in discount stores from January to April 2013. Consumers' purchase tendencies were calculated through frequency analysis. This result was then utilized using cluster analysis to draw a conclusion about which purchase tendency influenced consumers buying three different brands of eggs or whether this tendency really affected consumers. As a result, the outcomes of Hypotheses 2 and 3 were not clear so we drew a conclusion with our analysis of Hypothesis 1. Results - While the outcomes of Hypotheses 2 and 3 did not clearly indicate whether purchasing tendencies affected consumers when buying eggs, our analysis of Hypothesis 1 indicated that consumers were affected by the quality of the eggs rather than exterior factors such as the brand name. Thus, we concluded that it is important to promote the excellence of the quality of the eggs. Usually firms buy eggs from farms and repackage them in order to sell them. In this sense, if consumers were aware of this egg production process, and eggs were fairly distributed to retailers, large retail PB businesses would also be able to enhance their competitiveness. Conclusions - The brand, packaging, retail outlet, and other external features influenced the purchase of eggs to a certain degree, while shelf life, grade of the eggs, cleanliness, and other intrinsic characteristics had more influence. In particular, shelf life was the most important factor influencing purchase. Consumers were influenced not only by intrinsic characteristics of the eggs but also by large-scale producers' brands. Consumers relied upon the brand despite reduced competition because they found it difficult to identify shelf life and/or cleanliness. Small businesses and/or large-scale retailers can remain competitive by maintaining the freshness and cleanliness of the eggs. Further studies need to investigate areas in which consumers' cognition of the product is poor and/or the purchase inclination with regard to less developed industries such as eggs. In this study, the greatest problem was that consumers did not consume in accordance with the current situation as consumers have preferred fresh and clean eggs for a long time compared to purchase decisions based on external brands and/or packaging.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1992

Field investigations were made in 1991 and 1992 in Kwangju and the western and central Chonnam area to determine the distribution of Lymnaea viridis, the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica, and to study their life history during the different seasons. It had a wide distribution, existing all over the places, and the principal habitats of the snail were rice paddies. The life cycle was determined by making frequent visits to a series of habitats. The snsils began to produce egg masses in April, and egg production was the highest in May and June. Egg laying was continued but decreased in summer. There was sudden decrease in egg production in October when the temperature was below 2$0^{\circ}C$. The number of snails in July. Under the unfavourble conditions the snail either crawle up on the snail to aestivation. At low temperature below 8$^{\circ}C$ the snails hibernated inthe mud of the habitat. It was found in some habitats thao the snails were loving together with L. auricularia and Physa s pp. which indicates the neccessity of differentiation among them.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1997

This study was carried out to quantify 11 trace minerals including Ca in wild duck egg, focused on health-aid-food, with Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICAPS). It showed the highest levels of P, Fe, Zn and Cu in egg yolk compared with those of another constituents in wild duck egg. In egg white, the trace mineral levels were demonstrated K 1096 ppm, Na 1666 ppm, respectively. Therefore the levels of K, Na are considerably high. The contents of Ca and Mg are conspicuously high in egg shell respectively. The essential minerals such as Co, Cr and Mn were trace in all constituent of wild duck egg, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.19.1-19.14
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• 2020

Three generalized additive models were applied to the distribution of anchovy eggs and oceanographic factors to determine the occurrence of anchovy spawning grounds in Korean waters and to identify the indicators of their occurrence using survey data from the spring and summer of 1985, 1995, and 2002. Binomial and Gaussian types of generalized additive models (GAM) and quantile generalized additive models (QGAM) revealed that egg density was influenced mostly by ocean temperature and salinity in spring, and the vertical structure of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and zooplankton biomass during summer in the upper quantiles of egg density. The GAM and QGAM model deviance explained 18.5-63.2% of the egg distribution in summer in the East and West Sea. For the principle component analysis-based GAMs, the variance explained by the final regression model was 27.3-67.0%, higher than the regular models and QGAMs for egg density in the East and West Sea. By analyzing the distribution of anchovy eggs off the Korean coast, our results revealed the optimal temperature and salinity conditions, in addition to high production and high vertical mixing, as the key indicators of the major spawning grounds of anchovies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.82-83
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• 2005

Recently, layer industry shows the decrease in the number of farm and increase in rearing scale in both Korea and Japan. Seventy percent of layer farms in Japan feed more than 50,000 birds per each farm but in Korea, only 19.3% of layer farms are feeding more than 30,000 birds which covers 59% of total chicken number. This tendeney will be more accellerated from now on. Brand egg Production in Japan is developed with the involvement of farmers, sailers feed companies and also the marketing structure of brand egg is well organised in between farmers and consumers. However in Korea, the marketing structure of brand egg is not well settled for this reason the egg price is often decided lower much price than regrnlar price by the intermediate dealers. Under this kind of tough situation, Korean layer farmers are stressed to develop new brand products such as functional egg, settle the sales and distribution network with the good cooperation of farmers, and distributers.