• Architectural research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2024

The use of clay bricks dates back to ancient Egypt. From the stamped clay tablets to the works of contemporary buildings, clay was significant building material for both cultural and pragmatic reasons. In the making of modern architecture in Egypt, Hassan Fathy employed clay as primary substance for building. This study demonstrates the use of clay bricks in ancient Egypt and in the works of Hassan Fathy. This study further exemplifies that the use of clay bricks is still valid in contemporary architecture in Upper Egypt and Siwa Oasis. The use of clay bricks provides structural durability and efficient insulation in the arid regions, and it also adheres to the vernacular building traditions. This paper proves that the use of clay bricks plays a crucial role in the making of modern architecture in Egypt for its pertinence in the historic continuity and practicality.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1194-1198
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• 2010

Recent mobile devices have multiple wireless network interfaces. Therefore, we can use a more 'energy efficient network interface for reducing energy consumption' according to the network environment without depending on a specific network interface. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient wireless network interface selection scheme for mobile devices with multiple wireless network interfaces. The proposed scheme selects a more energy efficient network interface for data communication by using polling. Also, we show that our scheme is more efficient in terms of energy consumption.

• IE interfaces
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.119-134
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• 1997

The management of blood inventory is very important within the medical care system. The efficient management of blood supplies and demands for transfusions is of great economic and social importance to both hospitals and patients. For any blood type, there is a complex interaction among the optimal inventory level, daily demand level, daily supply level, transfusion to crossmatch ratio, crossmatch release period, issuing policy and the age of arriving units that determine the shortage and outdate rate. In this paper, we develop an efficient decision rule for blood inventory management in a hospital blood bank which can support efficient hospital blood inventory management using simulation. The primary use of the efficient decision rule will be to establish minimum cost function which consists of inventory levels, period in inventory, outdate and shortage rate for whole blood and various component inventories for a hospital blood bank or a transfusion service. If the administrator compute the mean daily demand for each blood type, the mean daily supply for each blood type, the length of the crossmatch release period and the average transfusion to crossmatch ratio, then it is possible to apply the efficient decision rule to compute the optimal inventory level, inventory period, outdate and shortage rate. This rule can also be used as a decision support system that allows the blood bank administrator to do sensitivity analysis related to controllable blood inventory parameters.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.1181-1194
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• 2019

A new moving-mesh Finite Volume Method (FVM) for the efficient solution of the two-dimensional neutron diffusion equation is introduced. Many other moving-mesh methods developed to solve the neutron diffusion problems use a relatively large number of sophisticated mathematical equations, and so suffer from a significant complexity of mathematical calculations. In this study, the proposed method is formulated based on simple mathematical algebraic equations that enable an efficient mesh movement and CV deformation for using in practical nuclear reactor applications. Accordingly, a computational framework relying on a new moving-mesh FVM is introduced to efficiently distribute the meshes and deform the CVs in regions with high gradient variations of reactor power. These regions of interest are very important in the neutronic assessment of the nuclear reactors and accordingly, a higher accuracy of the power densities is required to be obtained. The accuracy, execution time and finally visual comparison of the proposed method comprehensively investigated and discussed for three different benchmark problems. The results all indicated a higher accuracy of the proposed method in comparison with the conventional fixed-mesh FVM.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2009

To estimate the status and volume of artificial reefs(ARs) deployed at the sea bottom in fishing grounds, this study assessed the initial volume of ARs, the cubic volume of AR groups, and the porosity of each AR using image data collected during a survey using a multi-beam echo sounder(MBES) and a side scan sonar(SSS). These results were compared with data collected during diver surveys and used to develop a new method and prediction formulas for countermeasures, facility volume, and efficient use of volume for deployed ARs(cubic concrete). The field survey results for nine ARs deployed in the Busan Sea region were calculated, and the average value of coefficient k(indicating the efficient use of volume ratio) among ARs was 0.753, and the correlation between coefficient k and year(Yr) of deployment was calculated as k=0.0023Yr+0.725. The relationship between these two factors was poor. In years following the deployment of artificial reefs, coefficient k and year of deployment were not correlated, in spite of the hardening ground due to subsidence and the reduced distance between ARs. Consequently, it is reasonable to suppose that coefficient k was defined by bottom surface conditions and initial deployment conditions.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1559-1570
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• 2013

The family of ISO/IEEE11073 standards is the basis of the e-health system and provides interoperability for personal health devices. In the early stage of e-health business, it was expected that people would use a health device individually. In this case, a measurement datum was episodically acquired and generally transmitted for one person at a time. Recently, a health device is expected to be used by multiple people, and large amounts of measurement data are gathered in a short time interval. In addition, mobile health devices have become more popular, so that energy efficient measurement data transmission is required, to prolong the use of a device. In IEEE11073 PHD standards, data transmission is classified into three different types: immediate individual transfer, small block transfer, and large block transfer. The large block transfer using PM-store concept provides efficient transmission. However, an existing PM-store has problem when a device is used by multiple people. To address the defined problem, a modified PM-segment that is in compliance with 11073 standards is proposed in this paper. In particular, the proposed PM-segment is designed to minimize the additional complexity of an agent instead of a manager and it is interoperable with the existing manager. The proposed PM-segment shows better performance than the existing PM-segment, in terms of memory requirements and expected queue time. Also, performance comparison among the three transfers is performed in regard to the delay time and communication power consumption points of view.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.975-981
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a method for efficient use of energy when using flash device in WSN environment. Typical Flash devices have a drawback to be an energy efficient storage media in the energy-constrained WSNs due to the high standby energy. An energy efficient approach to deploy Flash devices into WSNs is simply turning the Flash device off whenever idle. In this regard, we make the simple but ideal approach realistic by removing these two obstacles by exploiting nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM), which is an emerging memory technology that provides both non-volatility and byte-addressability. Specifically, we make use of NVRAM as an extension of metadata storage to remove the FTL metadata scanning process that mainly incurs the two obstacles. Through the implementation and evaluation in a real system environment, we verify that significant energy savings without sacrificing I/O performance are feasible in WSNs by turning off the Flash device exploiting NVRAM whenever it becomes idle. Experimental results show that the proposed method consumes only about 1.087% energy compared to the conventional storage device.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2016

Background: Since the use of opioid analgesics is frequent in operation rooms (OR), the risk of medication error is high; however the use of medication in the OR has been operating independently with the hospital pharmacy. Therefore, the assessment on management of medication use in operation and the pharmacist's role is needed. Methods: We conducted the literature review and survey from anesthesiologists, operating nurses at Chung-Ang Hospital on management of medication for operation use, awareness on need for medication management efficiency, need for satellite pharmacy in the operating room and its effect. Results: 56% of medical staffs responded that management of medication in the operating room is efficient; however, 82.6% responded that they felt the inconvenience in medication delivery to the OR when additional prescription was ordered. 51.5% also responded that extra time was required for management of narcotics and inventory/record keeping. 80% agreed that there could be lost costs due to prescription missed. Medical staffs responded improving the drug management system could increase the OR efficiency (87%), and eventually bring the increase in hospital revenue (80.4%). Those who responded that implementation of OR satellite pharmacy was needed include physicians (84.6%), nurses (63.6%), and also responded that it'd bring more profit to the hospital by increasing the efficiency in OR (60.9%). Conclusion: For efficient management of medications, implementation of OR satellite pharmacy would lead to improved drug management and increased efficiency in OR and reduced cost and improved patient care.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-116
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• 2005

When people contact the government they can use a variety of channels. That is, they go in person to an office, use a telephone service, access information via the Internet, send a letter, or use a third party. Since the Australian Government first recognised the potential of online technology to improve service delivery in its 1997 Investing for Growth statement, it has articulated its policies and strategies for e-government in a number of papers. E-government involves government agencies delivering better programs and services online through the use of new information and communication technologies. The policy papers included Government Online-The Commonwealth's Strategy, launched in April 2000, and a new framework for e-government, Better Services. Better Government, launched in November 2002. Most recently, the Government released Australia's Strategic Framework for the Information Economy in July 2004. These papers outlined the broad directions and priorities for the future of e-government in Australia, and sought to maintain the momentum of agencies' actions under Government Online. One of its key objectives was for agencies to achieve greater efficiency in providing services and a return on their investments in ICT (Information and Communication Technology)-based service delivery. They also stated that investing in e-government should deliver tangible returns, whether they take the form of cost reductions, increased efficiency and productivity, or improved services to business and the broader community Implementation of the Government policy has led to considerable agency investment in ICT-based service delivery. However government policy also requires managers to ensure that program and service delivery is efficient and effective. Efficient and effective use of ICT has the potential to improve service delivery and to make financial savings. This paper outlines how people are using the channels to contact the government in Australia. It also examines the level of satisfaction they have with those services and their preferences and expectations. In addition, this paper aims at identifying the methods used by Australian Government to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of their delivery of services, and at assessing the adequacy of these methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

While agricultural water has been declared free in Korea to ensure access to these limited resource since the year 2000, farmers have however developed lackadaisical behavior towards water saving leading to its scarcity. To overcome this problem, a variety of experience-oriented education model was developed for farmers to promote the adoption of water conservation, and preventive measure against the drought impacts. In this study, farmers' awareness and their attitudinal behavior of agricultural water savings were investigated. The monitoring of water supply structure and the repair facilities in Pohang and Yeongdeok areas were conducted. The field visits and behavioral surveys showed a high degree of over-use and illegal water withdrawals by the farmers due to poor water-saving and management practices. We found that most of the KRC employees strongly admitted the necessity of water-saving education. On the other hand, the farmers showed good interest in the implementation of water-saving awareness through education. Besides this, most farmers agreed to adopt water-saving practices in the fields. Farmers also acknowledged the recklessness of water use was due to the aging of waterways, poor water management, and illegal water consumption. The majority of the farmers responded against imposing the water-use tariffs. However, there was a low response to paying the water-use charge. Aging agricultural facilities and the lack of institutional penalties or incentives were the major obstacles in achieving efficient water-saving. Considering the current drought frequency, urgent water-saving education of farmers was deemed necessary to prepare the farming community against the water shortages. Based on the results of this study, we have to identify the irrigation practices of farmers and provide water-saving education to enforce more efficient use and management of agricultural water.