• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1998

To clarify the effects of acid precipitates on histological damage, water status, and growth of Pinus densiflora green house experiment applyin simulated acid rain was carried out. Contact angle of water droplet on needles of P. densiflora seedlings treated with simulated acid rain of different pHs simulated acid rain was, the more rapid transpiration was. Leaf water potential after water withdrawal was also reduced rapidly in proportion to acidity of simulated acid rain. Height growth of P. densiflora seedlings treated with simulated acid rain of pH 2 decreased, while growth of seedlings treated with that of pH 3 and 4 increased comparing with that treated with normal rain of pH 5.6. pH of cultivated soil in pH 2 plot was acidified with the amount of simulated acid rain applied but that in pH 3 and 4 plots did not show any directional change. From those results, it could be interpreted that decrease of height growth in pH 2 plot was originated from multiple effects of water deficit from rapid transpiration and soil acidification. On the other hand, increased of height growth in pH 3 and 4 plots would be originated from the supply of N and S included in simulated acid rain.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.659-664
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• 2003

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of sulfuric acid and nitric acid among the main components of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the growth of vegetative organs and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis treated with SAR supplemented with sulfuric and nitric acids, respectively, showed 28% and 30% decrease of shoot and root growth compared to the control plants, and also many necrotic spots on leaf surfaces after SAR treatment were observed. The shoot and root length for plants grown with nitric acid rain was 14% and 17% lower, respectively, compared to the control, whereas those grown with sulfuric acid rain was 24% and 25% lower than control plants. When Arabidopsis seeds were sown in distilled water, germination rate was 100% after 7 days. However, 80% in SAR medium supplemented with sulfuric and nitric acids, 88% in sulfuric acid rain medium and 93% in nitric acid rain medium. The germination abilities of seeds harvested from SAR supplemented with sulfuric and nitric acids, sulfuric acid rain, and nitric acid rain were 73%, 73% and 94%, respectively. Consequently, sulfuric acids showed more inhibitory effects than nitric acids on the growth of vegetative organs as well as germination rates in Arabidopsis.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 1997

To identify the long-term influence of acid rain treatment on tree growth, acid rain of various composition (pH 2.0, pH 4.0 and pH 5.6 as control) was applied to several landscape trees for five months (April through August, 1991). Tree height, pH values and $Al^{3+}$ concentration in soil were investigated. Acid rain treatments seemed to promote height growth in the first year (1991), but have become an inhibiting factor over five years. All of coniferous species and most broad-leaved species, except Acer ginnala, showed opposite trends in height responses to acid rain treatments between the first (1991) and last (1996) year. In contrast, Acer ginnala showed similar trends to acid rain treatments in the height growth between 1991 and 1996. This result suggested that Acer ginnala has a characteristic adapability to acid rain stress. pH values of surface soil were lower than those of 30 cm soil depth. This fact suggested that acid rain treatments made surface soil acidic condition. In addition, physiological characteristics (photosynthesis, stomatal condition and biomass) have to be investigated to identify the relationship between long-term effects of $AL^{3+}$ concentration and growth.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2003

The focus of this study was to identify and describe environmental preconceptions held by pre-service elementary teachers about three issues : greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion and acid rain. Two hundred and twenty nine pre-service elementary teachers participated in this study. A 36 question survey was created by one of the authors. The questions focused on the cause, effects, and interactions of three environmental issues greenhouse effect of one layer depletion and acid rain. Pre-service elementary teachers answered the questions on a Likert scale. An analysis of the survey data indicated that the majority of pre-service elementary teachers possess an array of incorrect conceptions about the causes and effects of the greenhouse effect ozone layer depletion, and acid rain. and also many pre-service elementary teachers thought that there were causal relationships among the increase in greenhouse effect, the destruction of ozone layer, and the increase of acid rain.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 1993

소나무, 곰솔, 젓나무 및 독일가문비를 대상으로 인위적으로 산도를 조절한 인공산성우(PH 3.0, 4.0 및 5.0)와 지하수(pH 6.5)를 1991년 4월부터 1993년 8월까지, 생육기간 중에는 주 2~3회, 겨울철은 주 1회 1회 5mm의 강도로 처리하였다. 인공산성우를 처리하면서 수종별 발아 및 득묘율, 토양산도, 유묘의 생장 및 접촉각(contact angle)을 조사.비교하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 묘목의 생장관련 형질(묘고, 지하부, 엽량 및 개체당 건중량)의 경우에는 산성우처리 초기에는 산성우 처리가 양료로서의 효과를 가지는 것으로 판단되며, 수종별로 상이한 반응을 보였다. 그러나 처리가 2년 이상 지속된 3차년도에서는 처리산성우의 산도수준이 높을수록 모든 수종에서 생장관련 형질들이 감소되는 경향을 보였으며, 이는 토양완충력의 한계 이상으로 투하되는 산집적에 의한 결과로 판단된다. 엽피해율이나 엽량(낙엽율)등의 자료는 처리산성우의 산도수준과 관련지어져 있는 것으로 나타나 산성우 피해의 조기판단 기준으로 사용가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다. 토양산도는 처리간 고도의 통계적 유의차가 인정되었다. 침엽의 표면과 물방울이 이루는 접촉각을 측정한 결과, 처리산성우의 산도수준이 높을수록 엽령이 높을수록 접촉각의 크기는 낮아졌다. 접촉각을 측정비교하는 방법은 야외에서 침엽수류에 대한 산성우 피해의 조기판단을 위한 알맞고 훌륭한 기준이라 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.811-821
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• 2013

A purpose of this study was to provide the helpful information about operation of revised science curriculum by analyzing many contents about acid rain with various aspects, which was written in science textbook of 10 year according to the 7th national curriculum. The results show that there was the lack of educational systemicity among elementary school, middle school, and high school science curriculum and the lack of explanation for occurrence and standard level of acid rain, pH 5.6. And It could be categorized the effect of acid rain into four groups and experiment or experiment activities into three groups.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2000

The effects of the simulated acid rain on the growth response and water status of Glycine soja was observed in 2 months-old seedlings. The seedlings were treated with acid rain(pH 3.5), three times per week. Glycine soja showed significant reduction in the total length, total weight, dry weight, water contents and top/root ratio after treatment of simulated acid rain(pH 3.5) for 56 days. The growth of shoot was more susceptible to acid rain than that of roots. On the contray, Number of lateral roots, water saturation deficit and epidermis transpiration was higher than that of control(pH 5.6) after 56 days treatment of simulated acid rain.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 1988

For the purpose of examining the effects of simulated acid rain on the chemical properties of the experimental soil in Pinus densiflora seedlings and Forsythia koreana rooted cuttings, the experimental design of randomized block arrangement with three replications was implemented in the experimental field of Yesan National Agricultural Junior College. One-year-old Pinus densiflora seedlings and Forsythia koreana cuttings were planted in the pots filled the mixed soils (nursery soil: forest soil of siliceous sandy loam = 1 : V/V)in the early spring of 1985. The regime of artificil acid rain, in terms of spray frequency per monthly and spray amount at single treatment per plot, was simulated on the basis of climatological data averaged from 30 years records. Simulated acid rain (pH 2.0, pH4.0, and pH 5.5 as control) containing sulfuric and nitric acid in the ratio of 3:2 (chemical equivalant basis) diluted ground water, were treated on the experimental plants under condition of cutting off the natural precipitation with vinyl tunnel, during the growing season (May 1 to August 31) in 1985. THe results obtained in this study were as follows; 1. Soil acidity was dropped, and exchangeable aluminum contents in the soil was dramatically increased in both species, with decreasing pH levels of acid rain. 2. Exchangeable potassium, clacium, magnesium contents, and base saturation degree of the soil were highly drcreased in two species as the pH levels of acid rain decreased. 3. In two species, sulfate concentrations in the soil were decreased of pH 4.0 treatment, and remarkably increased at pH 2.0 treatment of acid rain in comparison with control. 4. Total nitrogen and available phosphate contents of the soil were not affected by acid rain treatment in the both species, and Fe contents at pH 2.0 treatment were highest among three acid rain treatments.

• 환경생물
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2000

은행나무 줄기와 뿌리의 해부학적 관찰에서 횡단면의 가도관의 접선직경, 세포면적, 세포벽 두께 및 방사열에서 세포층수는 산성비의 pH가 낮아짐에 따라 감소되었다. 은행나무의 절선면에서 관찰한 줄기와 뿌리의 방추형 시원세포의 길이와 방사조직 시원세포의 길이는 산성비 처리에 의해 짧아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 곰솔의 줄기와 뿌리의 횡단면에서 가도관의 접선직경, 세포면적, 세포벽 두께 및 방사열에서 세포층수 역시 산성비 처리에 의해 pH가 낮아짐에 따라 감소되었다. 곰솔의 피층, 수와 목부의 면적은 산성비 처리에 의해 감소되었다. 따라서 산성비는 은행나무와 곰솔의 길이생장은 물론 형성층의 활동력을 감소시켜 2기목부의 분화를 둔화시키는 것으로 보인다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.299-304
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• 1998

In order to clarify the effects of acid rain on soil microorganisms, the inpact of acid to soil microorganisms was survyed for 14 weeks using soil microcosms from industrial site A and B, Gaejok mountain, and Daechong lake in Taejeon area. The acid tolerant-microorganisms in natural soil, using culturing method were counted to be 5.8 - $8.0{\times}10^6$CFU/g soil. The number of microorganisms using ATP-biomass analysis for natural soil samples were also analyzed and 2.2 - $2.6{\times}10^9$ cell/g soil in industrial site A and B, Gaejok mountain, and Daechong lake were determined. In soil samples, which were treated with artificial acid rain, the number of acid tolerant microorganisms were counted 2.9 - $5.8{\times}10^5$ and 2.8 - $7.5{\times}10^8$, respectively. Therefore, we conformed that the numver of soil microorganisms were influenced by acid rain. Also, long term acid tolerant microorganisms were identified as Rhodotorula sp. and Pseudomonas sp.