• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.109-121
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• 2022

The study empirically examines the horizontal spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of Indian pharmaceutical firms. Robust least squares and the Generalized Method of Moments estimators are applied for the firm-level panel data of Indian pharmaceutical companies whose shares were traded on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The information was collected from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Prowess database from 2015 to 2019. Based on the regularity in data availability, the sample firms are limited to 112 companies, 100 of which are domestic firms and 12 international firms. Firms with more than 10 percent foreign equity are classified as FDI firms, while those with less than that are classified as domestic firms. Estimation results show that foreign ownership does not contribute to the productivity of domestic firms. Due to increased competition, the Indian pharmaceutical companies with foreign equity participation are not more productive than local ones. Moreover, the findings reveal a negative and insignificant horizontal spillover effect from FDI on the productivity of domestic enterprises. The absence of horizontal spillovers may be attributable to foreign enterprises' ability to prevent technological outflow to competitors in the same industry.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.146-154
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• 2019

An improved principal component analysis (PCA) method is applied for sensor fault detection and isolation (FDI) in a nuclear power plant (NPP) in this paper. Data pre-processing and false alarm reducing methods are combined with general PCA method to improve the model performance in practice. In data pre-processing, singular points and random fluctuations in the original data are eliminated with various techniques respectively. In fault detecting, a statistics-based method is proposed to reduce the false alarms of $T^2$ and Q statistics. Finally, the effects of the proposed data pre-processing and false alarm reducing techniques are evaluated with sensor measurements from a real NPP. They are proved to be greatly beneficial to the improvement on the reliability and stability of PCA model. Meanwhile various sensor faults are imposed to normal measurements to test the FDI ability of the PCA model. Simulation results show that the proposed PCA model presents favorable performance on the FDI of sensors no matter with major or small failures.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.114-136
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• 2015

Manufacturing FDI is mainly conducted by establishing production firms in the host country. The foreign branch facilities which are closely connected to headquarters in the home countries through the global supply chain have decisive effects on the integration of global production system and on the pattern changes in international logistics. Therefore, the study on the development process of manufacturing supply chain through FDI can be the key factor to understand the global production and international logistics system. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal patterns of direct investments in China by Korean companies in the manufacturing sectors. The results show a great deal of differential in periods and regions in investment. At the early period of Korean manufacturing FDI, the coast provinces in China which are adjacent to Korean peninsula were main investment target regions. However recently, coastal and inland provinces far away from Korea have been important for attracting Korean manufacturing capital. If further affiliated studies are done, the results of this study would be more beneficial to understand the logistics flows of regional supply chain based on the manufacturing FDI.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.385-408
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to find the determinants of Korean FDI(1996~2012) in China using the spatial autoregressive model and four regions of China is analyzed respectively. Most previous studies ignored spatial interdependence to analyze the determinants of Korean outward FDI in China. Empirical results of total Chinese area shows per RGDP and spatial effects are positive and significant variables. Results of region A reveal that per RGDP is positive and spatial effects are negative and significant. Results of region B shows that both per GDP and spatial effects are positive. All variables of region C are insignificant but those of region D are significant and positive. This means that Korean companies to invest in region D should consider spatial characteristics of surrounding areas of D.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.53-60
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• 2021

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is especially important for developing countries. This study investigates the determinants of FDI in the case of Indonesia. Most empirical researches in this field used time series data of a single country or panel data of several countries. Although panel data analysis is more comprehensive, however results taken from cross-country analysis cannot be directly applied to any specific country in the dataset and therefore lacks practicality. In this research, panel data analysis of a single country is performed to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings. Five determinants of FDI are tested using panel data of 33 Indonesian provinces over 10-year period of time. Two methodologies are adopted, random/fixed effects model and Granger Causality. The results show that only market size significantly affects FDI when tested using both methodologies. Human capital and financial market development show significant result in one of the two methodologies. While, economic growth and infrastructure did not show any significant results at all. This research stresses the importance of comprehensive single country analysis since only one out of five commonly discussed determinants is applicable in the case of Indonesia. Governments should therefore carefully reconsider the use of cross-country analysis as a basis of their policy formulations.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.325-332
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• 2021

Foreign capital inflows play an essential role in each country's socio-economic growth, particularly for undeveloped and developing countries where capital accumulation is limited in the early stages of development, and Vietnam is no exception. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of foreign capital inflows on economic growth in Vietnam. The empirical method employed secondary time-series data set during the period 1995-2018 to determine the impact of FDI, foreign aid, foreign loans, and exports on economic growth in Vietnam by using a linear approach. For this study, data was collected from the World Bank and relevant agencies in Vietnam. The results show that FDI (net inflows), foreign aid, foreign loans, exports, and GDP (current), have a positive effect at a 1% significance level on economic growth. Rather, an increase in FDI (net inflows), foreign aid, foreign loans, exports has beneficial effects on the Vietnamese economy in the study period. Based on the findings of this study, the article proposes several important policy implications for Vietnam in maintaining a high rate of economic growth via the contribution of FDI inflows, foreign aid, foreign loans, and exports.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.883-890
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• 2003

Two GOS (Generalized Observer Scheme) type Fault Detection Isolation Schemes (FDIS), employing the bank of unknown input functional observers (UIFO) as a residual generator, are proposed to make the practical use of the multiple observer based FDIS. The one is IFD (Instrument Fault Detection) scheme and the other is PFD (Process Fault Detection) scheme. A design method of UIFO is suggested for robust residual generation and reducing the size of the observer bank. Several design objectives that can be achieved by the FDI schemes and the design methods to meet the objectives are described. An IFD system is constructed for the Boeing 929 Jetfoil boat system to show the effectiveness of the propositions. Major contributions of this paper are two folds. Firstly, the proposed UIFO approaches considerably reduce the size of residual generator in the GOS type FDI systems. Secondly, the FDI schemes, in addition to the basic functions of the conventional observer-based FDI schemes, can reconstruct the failed signal or give the estimates of fault magnitude that can be used for compensating fault effects. The schemes are directly applicable to the design of a fault tolerant control systems.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.163-172
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• 2022

The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of several factors on employees' job commitment in ten FDI manufacturing businesses in Vietnam's Nghi Son Economic Zone during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The researchers used reliability tests, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling to confirm the relationships between factors when analyzing the effect of variables on job commitment in FDI enterprises. Based on a poll of 481 respondents, the test findings showed that 07 parameters have positive effects on job satisfaction. Professional assurance, compensation, fringe benefits, supervisor, promotion, coworkers, and working conditions all have varying levels of impact. Job satisfaction, in particular, has a significant and positive impact on employees' commitment to their jobs. According to research findings, the COVID-19 pandemic has been and continues to be a unique burden for Vietnamese firms in general and FDI manufacturing enterprises in Nghi Son EZ in particular. As a result, businesses must have appropriate HRM strategies to incentivize employees to recover, stabilize, and develop in the new normal, ensuring employee loyalty to the company.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Purpose: This article focuses on exploring the associations between job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Specifically, this study estimates the impacts of Vietnamese employees' job satisfaction on their organizational commitment and turnover intention in FDI enterprises. Research design, data and methodology: The measures are adapted from previous studies to develop a questionnaire with a seven-point Likert scale. The dataset is directly collected from 227 respondents who are employees at FDI enterprises situated in the North of Vietnam. The dataset is analyzed by quantitative approaches using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0. Results: The results show that while turnover intention is positively correlated with monthly income, it is negatively correlated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Also, organizational commitment is positively associated with job satisfaction among employees at FDI enterprises in Vietnam. Conclusions: The findings of this study will serve as useful references for administrators of FDI enterprises and policymakers to promote employees' job satisfaction and retain skilled employees.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.23-46
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• 2014

Applying the dynamic shift-share analysis, this paper decomposes inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) of Korea for the period of 2003-2012 into three components: world growth effect, industry-mix effect and competitive effect. Taking the group of developed countries as population for comparison, this paper finds that Korea has been lagging behind the group of developed countries in attracting FDIs, thereby having recorded negative aggregate industry-mix effects and negative aggregate competitive effects as well. However, the following industries have recorded positive competitive effects: textiles, chemicals, electrical and electronic equipment, motor vehicles and other transport equipment, hotels and restaurants and business services. Moreover, in the sub-period of 2008-2012, positive competitive effects have been recorded for most manufacturing industries. This reflects the fact that inward FDI into Korea has not been affected much by the financial crisis of 2009.