• Title/Summary/Keyword: Effective range

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A Study on the Effective Method to Producing Data for The ROKA Live Fire Training Range Safety (한국군 실 사격 훈련간 효율적인 안전지대 데이터 구축 방안 연구)

  • Lee, June-Sik;Choi, Bong-Wan;Oh, Hyun-Seung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.64-77
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    • 2015
  • An effective method for produce munitions effectiveness data is to calculate weapon effectiveness indices in the US military's Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manuals (JMEM) and take advantage of the damage evaluation model (GFSM) and weapon Effectiveness Evaluation Model (Matrix Evaluator). However, a study about the Range Safety that can be applied in the live firing exercises is very insufficient in the case of ROK military. The Range Safety program is an element of the US Army Safety Program, and is the program responsible for developing policies and guidance to ensure the safe operation of live-fire ranges. The methodology of Weapon Danger Zone (WDZ) program is based on a combination of weapon modeling/simulation data and actual impact data. Also, each WDZ incorporates a probability distribution function which provides the information necessary to perform a quantitative risk assessment to evaluate the relative risk of an identified profile. A study of method to establish for K-Range Safety data is to develop manuals (pamphlet) will be a standard to ensure the effective and safe fire training at the ROK military education and training and environmental conditions. For example, WDZs are generated with the WDZ tool as part of the RMTK (Range Managers Tool Kit) package. The WDZ tool is a Geographic Information System-based application that is available to operational planners and range safety manager of Army and Marine Corps in both desktop and web-based versions. K-Range Safety Program based on US data is reflected in the Korean terrain by operating environments and training doctrine etc, and the range safety data are made. Thus, verification process on modified variables data is required. K-Range Safety rather than being produced by a single program, is an package safety activities and measures through weapon danger zone tool, SRP (The Sustainable Range Program), manuals, doctrine, terrain, climate, military defence M&S, weapon system development/operational test evaluation and analysis to continuously improving range safety zone. Distribution of this K-range safety pamphlet is available to Army users in electronic media only and is intended for the standing army and army reserve. Also publication and distribution to authorized users for marine corps commands are indicated in the table of allowances for publications. Therefore, this study proposes an efficient K-Range Safety Manual producing to calculate the danger zones that can be applied to the ROK military's live fire training by introducing of US Army weapons danger zone program and Range Safety Manual

Prediction of the Total Effective Moment (ME) Using Stroke Range in Lightweight Piezoelectric Composite Actuator(LIPCA) (경량압전 복합재료 작동기의 작동범위를 이용한 총유효 모멘트 (ME)의 예측)

  • Yoon Kwang-Joon;Kim Cheol-Woong
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.30 no.2 s.245
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    • pp.120-127
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    • 2006
  • The fatigue behavior of LIPCA was so sensitive to the manufacturing condition, the environmental factors and the change of the test apparatus. Therefore, we could be considering not only the relationship between the stroke range $({\Delta}h)$ and actuating frequency but also the relationship between the stroke range $({\Delta}h)$ and the total effective moment $(M^E)$. Thus, this study proposed the calculation method of the applying $M^E$ when the $({\Delta}h)$ of LIPCA was increased from 1.mm to 20mm. To estimate the relationship between the total effective moment $(M^E)$ and the Bernoulli-Euler bending moment (M) was reviewed. And the residual stress distribution of LIPCA and THUNDER using the CLT was evaluated. In conclusions, converting the $({\Delta}h)$ of LIPCA to the radius of curvature (p) and calculating the $(M^E)$, it was found that the p by the $M^E$ changed similarly as the $({\Delta}h)$. It was found that the $M^E$ was 2.2 times as the M. While CFRP and PZT of LIPCA, which had the superior compressive characteristic, had the compressive residual stress, GFRP was subject to the tensile residual stress. Since this reversed configuration between the compressive residuals stress and the tensile one was made, the requirement of the stroke range $({\Delta}h)$ increase was satisfied.

Effects on Frozen Shoulder as Seen in the Comparison Hold-Relax Technique and ROM Exercise (동결견 환자에 대한 정지-이완기법과 관절가동범위 운동의 비교)

  • Kim Soo-Min;Lee Hyun-Ock;Bae Sung-Soo
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.51-59
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    • 1995
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate pain and range of motion in the frozen shoulder and to compare Hold-Relax technique with ROM exercise. Twenty-eight frozen shoulder patients between 41 nod 76 years of age were selected and were divided equally by random distribution into a Hold-Relax technique group and a ROM exercise group. To analyze the therapeutic effect between the two groups, two measurements were taken. A measurement of pain was taken by visual analogue scale and a measurement of range of motion was taken by measuring flexion and abduction degrees with a goniometer. The results were as followings : 1. The Hold-Relax group is more effective in decreasing the pain than the ROM exercise group. 2. The Hold-Relax group is more effective in increasing the range of flexion at the shoulder than the ROM exercise group. 3. The Hold-Relax group is more effective in increasing the range of abduction at the shoulder than the ROM exercise group.

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An Analysis on GPS Jammer Operational Range Against GPS Receiver in Sea Environment (해상환경의 GPS 수신기에 대한 GPS 재머의 운용반경 분석)

  • Lee, Young-Joong;Park, Joo-Rae;Kim, Jong-Kyu
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.232-237
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    • 2011
  • This paper analyzed the J/S of the GPS receiver in sea environment from GPS satellite and GPS jammer. Through the analysis, the operational range and effective radiation power of the GPS jammer could be estimated. In the case of the jammer effective radiation power is higher than the specific value, jammer height mainly resolves the jammer operational range.

Significantly Low Effective Dose from 18FDG PET/CT Scans Using Dose Reducing Strategies: "Lesser is Better"

  • uz Zaman, Maseeh;Fatima, Nosheen;Zaman, Areeba;Zaman, Unaiza;Tahseen, Rabia
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.7
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    • pp.3465-3468
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    • 2016
  • Background: Fluorodeoxyglucose ($^{18}FDG$) PET/CT imaging has become an important component of the management paradigm in oncology. However, the significant imparted radiation exposure is a matter of growing concern especially in younger populations who have better odds of survival. The aim of this study was to estimate the effective dose received by patients having whole body $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scanning as per recent dose reducing guidelines at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective study covered 63 patients with different cancers who were referred for PET/CT study for various indications. Patients were prepared as per departmental protocol and 18FDG was injected at 3 MBq/Kg and a low dose, non-enhanced CT protocol (LD-NECT) was used. Diagnostic CT studies of specific regions were subsequently performed if required. Effective dose imparted by 18FDG (internal exposure) was calculated by using multiplying injected dose in MBq with coefficient $1.9{\times}10^{-2}mSv/MBq$ according to ICRP publication 106. Effective dose imparted by CT was calculated by multiplying DLP (mGy.cm) with ICRP conversion coefficient "k" 0.015 [mSv / (mG. cm)]. Results: Mean age of patients was $49{\pm}18$ years with a male to female ratio of 35:28 (56%:44%). Median dose of 18FDG given was 194 MBq (range: 139-293). Median CTDIvol was 3.25 (2.4-6.2) and median DLP was 334.95 (246.70 - 576.70). Estimated median effective dose imparted by $^{18}FDG$ was 3.69 mSv (range: 2.85-5.57). Similarly the estimated median effective dose by low dose (non-diagnostic) CT examination was 4.93 mSv (range: 2.14 -10.49). Median total effective dose by whole body 18FDG PET plus low dose non-diagnostic CT study was 8.85 mSv (range: 5.56-13.00). Conclusions: We conclude that the median effective dose from a whole body 18FDG PET/CT in our patients was significantly low. We suggest adhering to recently published dose reducing strategies, use of ToF scanner with CT dose reducing option to achieve the lower if not the lowest effective dose. This would certainly reduce the risk of second primary malignancy in younger patients with higher odds of cure from first primary cancer.

The Effectiveness of Joint Mobilization and Myofascial Release on the Neck (관절가동기법과 근막이완기법이 경부에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Youn-Ki;Hyun, Sang-Wook;Seo, Hyun-Kyu
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.69-79
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    • 2009
  • Purpose : to investigate the effectiveness of joint mobilization and myofascial release on the neck pain and to provide the effective treatment. Methods : Twenty-two subjects with neck pain participated in the experiment. All subjects were randomly assigned to a joint mobilization group(n=11) or a myofascial release group(n=11). Both groups received treatment for 15 minutes four times during 2 weeks. Cervical range of motion(CROM) instrument was used to measure range of neck motion, and Algometer was used to measure tenderness. All measurements of the subjects were measured at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results : 1. The range of neck right side-bending motion of the myofascial release group was significantly increased(P<0.05), and the range of neck extension, right side-bending, left side-bending, right rotation motion of the joint mobilization group was significantly increased(P<0.05). 2. There was no significant improvement of tenderness in both groups(p>0.05). Conclusion : These data suggest that joint mobilization is more effective against increasing the range of motion than myofascial release, but myofascial release is more beneficial to tenderness than joint mobilization although it does not have a significant difference in the tenderness because there was a little improvement.

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An Experimental on the Evalution of Fatigue Crack Propagation of Carbon Steel (탄소강의 피로균열 진전거동 평가에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 김희송;안병욱
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.938-946
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    • 1989
  • Using the CT specimen of carbon steel(SM45C), we estimated the fatigue crack propagation behavior in stable crack propagation range. Furthermore the fatigue crack propagation rate, Acoustic Emission(AE) count rate, and fractography characteristics were also compared among others. The following results were confirmed by experimental observation. Near-threshold stress intensity factor range(.DELTA. $K_{th}$) is influenced by stress ratio but not at the upper limit of stable crack propagation range. As stress intensity factor range(.DELTA.K) and(or) stress amplitude increase (s), both crack propagation rate(da/dN) and AE count rate(dn/dN) increase. Effective stress intensity factor range(.DELTA. $K_{off}$) determined from the crack closure point measurement by AE method is useful for the evaluation of fatigue crack propagation rate. Fractography in stable crack propagation range showed striation, and agreed with the crack propagation rate obtained either by experiment of by the results of microscopic measurements.s.

Analysis of ion-exchanged waveguides by using Prism-Coupling method (Prism-Coupling 방법에 의한 이온교환 도파로 해석)

  • 박정일;박태성;이현용;정홍배
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 1994.11a
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    • pp.37-39
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    • 1994
  • We have investigated the characteristics of planar optical waveguides formed by silver ion-exchange. Experimental values of the effective indices of guided modes were obtained by measuring the synchronous angles of strongest coupling. Definition of an effective diffusion constant leads to the mode-dispersion curves applicable over a wide range of fabrication conditions. In order to compare experimental and theoretical results, We have plotted each mode index of a wide range of fabrication conditions.

An analytical model for inversion layer electron mobility in MOSFET (MOS소자 반전층의 전자이동도에 대한 해석적 모델)

  • 신형순
    • Electrical & Electronic Materials
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.174-179
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    • 1996
  • We present a new physically based analytical equation for electron effective mobility in MOS inversion layers. The new semi-empirical model is accounting expicitly for surface roughness scattering and screened Coulomb scattering in addition to phonon scattering. This model shows excellent agreement with experimentally measured effective mobility data from three different published sources for a wide range of effective transverse field, channel doping and temperature. By accounting for screened Coulomb scattering due to doping impurities in the channel, our model describes very well the roll-off of effective mobility in the low field (threshold) region for a wide range of channel doping level (Na=3.0*10$^{14}$ - 2.8*10$^{18}$ cm$^{-3}$ ).

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A 1 GHz Tuning range VCO with a Sigma-Delta Modulator for UWB Frequency Synthesizer (UWB 주파수 합성기용 1 GHz 광 대역 시그마 델타 성긴 튜닝형 전압 제어 발진기)

  • Nam, Chul;Park, An-Su;Park, Joon-Sung;Pu, Young-Gun;Hur, Jeong;Lee, Kang-Yoon
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.47 no.8
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    • pp.64-72
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    • 2010
  • This paper presents a wide range VCO with fine coarse tuning step using a sigma-delta modulation technique for UWB frequency synthesizer. The proposed coarse tuning scheme provides the low effective frequency resolution without any degradation of phase noise performance. With three steps coarse tuning, the VCO has wide tuning range and fine tuning step simultaneously. The frequency synthesizer with VCO was implemented with 0.13 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The tuning range of the VCO is 5.8 GHz~6.8 GHz with the effective frequency resolution of 3.9 kHz. It achieves the measured phase noise of -108 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and a tuning range 16.8 % with 5.9 mW power. The figure-of-merit with the tuning range is -181.5 dBc/Hz.