• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to evaluate on the applicability of Load Duration Curve (LDC) method using Maintenance of Variance Extension types 2 method and sampling data for efficient total maximum daily loads at the Nakbon-A unit watershed in Korea. The LDC method allows for characterizing water quality data such as BOD, TOC, T-N and T-P in this study at different flow regimes(or quarters). BOD usually exceeded the standard value (exceedance probability 50%) at low flow zone. On the other hand, TOC, T-N, T-P usually exceeded the standard value at dry and low flow zone. Seasonally all water quality variables usually exceeded the standard value at Q1(Jan-Mar) and Q2(Apr-Jun) zones. Improvement of effluent control from wastewater treatment plants are effective to improve BOD and T-P.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.797-818
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• 2022

Steel-precast ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams with demountable high-strength friction-grip bolt (HSFGB) shear connectors can be used for accelerated bridge construction (ABC) and achieve excellent structural performance, which is expected to be dismantled and recycled at the end of the service life. However, no investigation focuses on the demountability and reusability of such composite beams, as well as the installation difficulties during construction. To address this issue, this study conducted twelve push-out tests to investigate the effects of assembly condition, bolt grade, bolt-hole clearance, infilling grout and pretension on the crack pattern, failure mode, load-slip/uplift relationship, and the structural performance in terms of ultimate shear strength, friction resistance, shear stiffness and slip capacity. The experimental results demonstrated that the presented composite beams exhibited favorable demountability and reusability, in which no significant reduction in strength (less than 3%) and stiffness (less than 5%), but a slight improvement in ductility was observed for the reassembled specimens. Employing oversized preformed holes could ease the fabrication and installation process, yet led to a considerable degradation in both strength and stiffness. With filling the oversized holes with grout, an effective enhancement of the strength and stiffness can be achieved, while causing a difficulty in the demounting of shear connectors. On the basis of the experimental results, more accurate formulations, which considered the effect of bolt-hole clearance, were proposed to predict the shear strength as well as the load-slip relationship of HSFGBs in steel-precast UHPC composite beams.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2015

This study has two goals. The first goal is to investigate whether worked examples are effective in the ill-defined domain with on-line learning and the second goal is to find out which components (conceptual or procedural knowledge) of worked examples are effective factor at the given learning environment. We carried out three experiments in which Korean undergraduate or graduate students were working in three or four conditions of worked examples (CWE, PWE, CPWE, or the control group). While experiment 1 conducted in on-line learning environment did not find any effect and difference among groups and also any logical reason for those results, experiment 2 conducted in completely controlled laboratory setting with less knowledgeable students showed the clear difference among groups by the order CPWE, PWE, and CWE. Experiment 3 in which highly knowledgeable and motivated students were presented the same materials in more controlled on-line learning environment indicated the difference among groups by the order CWE, CPWE, and PWE. The results were discussed within the framework of cognitive load theory.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.389-408
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• 2022

Residual capacity is defined as the load carrying capacity of an RC column after undergoing severe damage. Evaluation of residual capacity of RC columns is necessary to avoid damage initiation in RC structures. The central aspect of the current research is to propose an empirical formula to estimate the residual capacity of RC columns after undergoing severe damage. This formula facilitates decision making of whether a replacement or a repair of the damaged column is adequate for further use. Available literature mainly focused on the simulation of explosion loads by using simplified pressure time histories to develop residual capacity of RC columns and rarely simulated the actual explosive. Therefore, there is a gap in the literature concerning general relation between blast damage of columns with different explosive loading conditions for a reliable and quick evaluation of column behavior subjected to blast loading. In this paper, the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) technique is implemented to simulate high fidelity blast pressure propagations. LS-DYNA software is utilized to solve the finite element (FE) model. The FE model is validated against the practical blast tests, and outcomes are in good agreement with test results. Multivariate linear regression (MLR) method is utilized to derive an analytical formula. The analytical formula predicts the residual capacity of RC columns as functions of structural element parameters. Based on intensive numerical simulation data, it is found that column depth, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, concrete strength and column width have significant effects on the residual axial load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete column under blast loads. Increasing column depth and longitudinal reinforcement ratio that provides better confinement to concrete are very effective in the residual capacity of RC column subjected to blast loads. Data obtained with this study can broaden the knowledge of structural response to blast and improve FE models to simulate the blast performance of concrete structures.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2001

This paper presents a process and operation planning system and an NC code post-processor for effective machining of press dies for production of cars. Based on the machining feature, major parts of press dies are categorized into 15 groups and a standard process plan is defined for each group. The standard process plan consists of a series of processes where a process is defined as a group of operations that can be done with one setup. Details such as cutting tools, cutting conditions, and tool paths are decided at the operation planning stage. At the final stage of process and operation planning, the NC code post-processor adjusts feedrates along the tool path to reduce machining time while maintaining the quality. The adjustment rule is selected based on the machining load estimated by virtual machining.

• 한국신뢰성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신뢰성학회 2004년도 정기학술대회
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• pp.227-232
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• 2004

The failure of geogrids can be defined as an excessive creep strain which causes the collapse of slopes and embankments. In this study, the accelerated creep tests were applied to two different types of polyester geogrids, at 75, 80, 85$^{\circ}C$ by applying 50% load of ultimate tensile strengths using a newly designed test equipment which is allowed the creep testing at higher temperatures. And then the creep curves were shifted and superposed in the time axis by applying time-temperature supposition principles. In predicting the lifetimes of geogrids, the underlying distribution for failure times were determined based on identification of the failure mechanism. The results indicate that the conventional procedures with the newly designed test equipment are shown to be effective in prediction of the lifetimes of geogrids with shorter test times. In addition, the predicted lifetimes of geogrids having different structures at various creep strains give guidelines for users to select the proper geogrids in the fields.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.227-241
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• 2016

A circular plate with constant thickness, finite radius and stiff edge lying on an elastic halfspace is considered. The half-space consists of a soft functionally graded (FGM) layer with arbitrary varying elastic properties and a homogeneous elastic substrate. The plate bends under the action of arbitrary axisymmetric distributed load and response from the elastic half-space. A semi-analytical solution for the problem effective in whole range of geometric (relative layer thickness) and mechanical (elastic properties of coating and substrate, stiffness of the plate) properties is constructed using the bilateral asymptotic method (Aizikovich et al. 2009). Approximated analytical expressions for the contact stresses and deflections of the plate are provided. Numerical results showing the qualitative dependence of the solution from the initial parameters of the problem are obtained with high precision.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1993년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.99-101
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• 1993

This paper presents an approach to feeder reconfiguration in order to achieve an efficient operation of distribution systems utilizing knowledge base. The optimal feeder reconfiguration in this study eliminates various abnormal states which will create feeder overloads and feeder constraint problems. and will also accomplish minimum power loss of the distribution systems under normal operating condition by means of branch exchanges to change the status of sectionalizing switches with experiences of the experts. For an effective implementation of feeder reconfiguration, a best-first tree searching strategy based on heuristics is employed to evaluate the various alternatives of load transfer. The heuristic exchange of branches results in reduction of the search space as a means of implementing the best-first searching strategy.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.291-295
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• 2017

The behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) CFRP prestressed prisms was experimentally investigated. Five RC beams were tested under four point bending. All beams were made with dimensions of 300 mm in width, 2000 mm in length and 150 in depth. The effects of presstress level of CFRP prestressed prisms and prism material type were studied. The failure mode, load capacity, deflection, CFRP strain, steel strain and ductility of the tested beams were all analyzed. The results showed that the behavior of the reinforced concrete beams strengthened with NSM CFRP prestressed prisms showed a significant increase in the load-carrying capacity and the deformation capacity. The NSM CFRP prestressed prisms strengthening technique could be considered as an effective method for repairing RC structures.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 1983

Plastic plane stress solutions are given for a center cracked strip, characterized by the Ramberg-Osgood plastic index, under bi-axial tension. Using a power law hardening stress-strain relation, an incremental plasticity finite element formulation is developed, and simple formulation is given for computing J-integral with nodal displacements. The near tip angular distribution of von Mises effective stress doesn't differ significantly in magnitude according to the change of loading stress and bi-axial load combination factor. But, for smaller plastic index, the location of its maximum value moves vertically at a head of crack. J-integral value, in the plastic zone near crack tip, decreases with load combination factor for large and small plastic index.