• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2005

Older adults in the hospice care experience difficulties in expressing their emotional and psychological issues, which has detrimental effect in their well-being. The purpose of this study is to examine how music can be used to facilitate self-expression both verbally and nonverbally in order to decrease negative influences of self-concealment. Four cases were referred from hospice personnel at the hospital, and received music therapy sessions for four month. The total number of session varied from 9 to 11 depending on the conditions of each case. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from pre and post test of Self-Concealment Scale and Personal Descriptive Essays. The results indicated that the use of music, especially programed songs were effective in evoking emotional responses with various life-related issues and themes. The posttest indicated that the level of self-concealment has decreased, and also the Personal Descriptive Essays involved increased statements of emotional content after music therapy implementation. The study indicates that music can be used as an significant communicative and expressive medium when working with older adults in the hospice or palliative care, since they experience many difficulties to be engaged in the active expression. Music provide both passive and active experience through listening and participating, and programed music therapy intervention will increase the quality of life through expressive music activities.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.72-84
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of bladder training on self voiding after removal of catheter in female patients with craniotomy, finally to develop a bladder rehabilitation program for cognitive impaired patients. Nonequivalent control group posttest design was used. The population of this study consisted of 34 hospitalized neurosurgical patients, all patients have been received craniotomy. 17 patients were assigned to the experimental group and another 17 patients to the control group. The homogeneity of general characteristics of the subjects was no significant difference. Bladder training program consisted of pre-training education, the bladder training, positive verbal reinforcement. The experimental group has been received bladder training and the control group has been received gravity drainage. The dependent variable, the frequency of voiding trial untill self voiding achieves, the frequency of urinary retention, the amount of residual urine, the occurrence, of urinary incontinence, were measured during 3 days after catheter removed. The data analyzed with SPSSWIN ; frequency, percentage, t-test and $X^2$-test were used to analyze homogeneity of general characteristics of subjects between the experimental and the control group. T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and $X^2$-test were used to determine the effect of bladder training. The result of the study were as follows : There was significant difference in the frequency of voiding trial untill self voiding achieves between the experimental group and the control group. There was no significant difference in the frequency of urinary retention between the experimental group and the control group. There was no significant difference in the amount of residual urine between the experimental group and the control group. However, there was significant difference in the amount of residual urine in urinary retention patients. There was significant difference in the occurrence of urinary incontinence between the experimental group and the control group. In conclusion, bladder training program as a nursing intervention was effective in conclusion, bladder self voiding ability after removal of catheter for craniotomy patients. Therefore, it is recommended to use the bladder training program clinically for the bladder management of cognitive impaired patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility and fracture risk, is a major public health problem. The diagnostic methods for osteoporosis include simple radiography, bone scan, DXA (Dual energy X-ray Absortiometry) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Optimal treatment and prevention of osteoporosis require modification of risk factors, particularly smoking cessation, adequate physical activity, and attention to diet, in addition to pharmacologic intervention. The estrogens and raloxifene both prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women, and the estrogens probably also decrease the risk of first fracture. There is good evidence that raloxifene prevents further fractures in postmenopausal women who already have had fractures and some evidence that estrogen does as well. Bisphosphonate prevents bone loss and reduces fractures in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women and in osteoporotic men as well. Risedronate is more potent and has fewer side effects than alendronate and reduces the incidence of fractures in osteoporotic women. Calcitonin increases bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women and men with idiopathic osteoporosis, and also reduces the risk of new fractures in osteoporotic women. All of the agents discussed above prevent bone resorption, whereas teriparatide and strontium increase bone formation and are effective in the treatment of osteoporotic women and men. New avenues for targeting osteoporosis will emerge as our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of bone remodeling increases, although issues of tissue specificity may remain to be addressed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.202-208
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• 2010

Purpose: In this study we introduced minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and analyzed clinical outcomes to determine the effectiveness of this intervention in proximal humerus fractures. Materials and Methods: We studied 27 patients including 16 cases with a 2-part fracture, 10 cases with a 3-part fracture, and 1 case with a 4-part fracture. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using UCLA score, KSS score and recovery of range of motion. Time to union and humerus neck-shaft angle change were estimated by radiologic assessment. The average follow up period was 19 months. Results: UCLA scores were "excellent" for 15 patients, "good" for 12 patients. The mean KSS score was 91.4 at final follow-up. The average shoulder range of motion was $167.2^{\circ}$ in forward elevation. Bone union occurred by 14.1 weeks postoperatively. Humerus neck-shaft angle recovery was "excellent" in 24 patients and "moderate" in 3 patients. There were no complications such as axillary nerve paralysis, deep infection, or subacromial impingement of the plate. Conclusion: MIPO for proximal humerus fractures is an effective procedure if performed with sufficient understanding of the anatomical structures. MIPO leads to minimized dissection of soft tissue, low complication rates and early recovery of range of motion.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2002

The purpose of this one group pre and post test study was to evaluate the effect of self-help programs(SHP) which has been conducted from 1997 to 2000. The SHP was held by Korean Rheumatology Health Professionals Society(KRHP) once a week for 6 weeks for chronic arthritis patients in Korea. Eight hundred fifty five subjects completed the program at 43 sites. The effect of SHP were evaluated by flexibility, pain, activities of daily living(ADL), fatigue, depression and self-efficacy. After SHP, followings were found: 1. Participants' characteristics of SHP were most common in living in Seoul, women, sixties, high school graduates, house wifes, osteoarthritis, completed in 1999. 2. The flexibility of arm, knee, ankle joint were significantly increased, but the flexibility of the shoulder was not changed. 3. Level of pain was decreased significantly from 5.21 to 3.99, and the number of painful joints were decreased from 4.96 to 4.18 significantly. 4. The score of ADL was increased from 53.74 to 54.97 significantly. 5. The score of depression and self-efficacy was not changed. In conclusion, SHP was clearly proved to be an effective nursing intervention to Increase the flexibility of arm, knee, ankle joint and enhanced ADL. Also SHP decreased pain and fatigue. More research is needed to determine the role of self-efficacy and depression in the SHP, use of a randomized design and longer follow up period to understand more about the effects of the program.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2011

Purpose: Fibrillar collagens like type I collagen, are the major constituent of the extracellular matrix and structural protein of bone. Also, it can be a scaffold for osteoblast migration. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of absorbable atelo-collagen sponge (Teruplug$^{(R)}$, Terumo biomaterials Co., Tokyo, Japan) insertion in tooth extraction sites on periodontal healing of the second molar, healing of the fractured mandibular bone and new bone formation of third molar socket after the extraction of the impacted third molar with mandibular angle fracture. Methods: In our study of six cases of mandibular angle fractures, all of them underwent the extraction of the third molar tooth & absorbable atelo-collagen sponge insertion in tooth extraction site. Three of them had a intraoral infection & oral opening to fracture site, two of the six had dental caries, and only one had reduction problem due to third molar position. Six consecutive patients with noncomminuted fractures of the mandibular angle were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using one noncompression miniplates and screws placed through a transoral incision. Results: All of the patients have showed good postoperative functions and have not experienced complications requiring second surgical intervention. There was well healing of the mandibular bone and the most new bone formation of third molar socket after the extraction of the impacted third molar with mandibular angle fracture. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that absorbable atelo-collagen sponge is relatively favorable bone void filler with prevention of tissue collapse, food packing, and enhance periodontal healing. Thus, the use of atelo-collagen sponge and one noncompression miniplate seems to be relatively easy, safe, and effective for the treatment of fractures of the mandibular angle and third molar extraction.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a two-week palliative care education program on Korean Hospice volunteers. Methods: A total of 71 volunteers were assigned to two groups: Group A (intervention, n=34) and Group B (usual care, n=37). Group A received six sessions of palliative care education for two weeks. The level of volunteers' motivation, death anxiety, and communication with the dying were measured at baseline and after the program ended. Results: The palliative care education program had positive influence on the volunteers' motivation (t=2.341, P=0.022), death anxiety (t=-2.166, P=0.034), and communication with the dying (t=-2.808, P=0.006). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a palliative care education program may be an effective way to boost hospice volunteers' motivation, ease their death anxiety and improve their communication with the dying.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2206-2211
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• 2012

To identify the effect of the aroma foot spa on the stress, 12 university students with stress were divided into control group (6 subjects) and aroma foot spa group (6 subjects). Control group was not subjected to any kind of intervention while aroma foot spa group was subjected to 10 minutes of foot bath using 5% Juniper, lavender and lemon essential oil and 10 minutes of foot massage using massage cream during four weeks, two times per week. As for the evaluation method, brain wave was studied to measure the amount of change in stress. After measuring the change in the brain wave before and after the experiment, it was proven that the aroma foot spa group s Alpha wave (Z=-2.364, p<.05) and SMR wave (Z=-1.981, p<.05) were higher than those of the control group. Moreover, when the pre and post experiment results of the aroma foot spa group were measured, it was proven that the Theta wave (Z=-2.366, p<.05) decreased while Alpha wave (Z=-2.371, p<.05) increased. In other words, aroma foot spa that included foot bath using essential oil and foot massage increased Alpha wave which in turn influenced the brain wave due to increased blood circulation resulting from muscle relaxation. Moreover, SMR wave increase was closely related to the change in Alpha wave, which demonstrates that SMR wave increased due to stress alleviation. Accordingly, it may be possible to assume that aroma foot spa is effective in relieving stress.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5169-5175
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to find the factors related to smoking-cessation among citizens receiving smoking-cessation clinics' services in a public health center in Daejeon metropolitan city. The study subjects were 2,125 participants registered in "smoking-cessation clinic", public health centers in 2007. Frequency analysis, chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine the relationships between the success rate of smoking-cessation and the characteristics. The success rate of smoking-cessation during 6 months was 39.8%. Males had a higher rate than females, and people over 65 years of age had a higher rate than those less than 40 years of age. High blood pressure, drinking of more 2 times per week, regular exercise, CO under 10ppm had significantly relationships with the smoking-cessation rate. The other independent variables had no statistically significance with the smoking-cessation success rate. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, number of nicotine patches used and total consultation times had significantly relationships with the smoking-cessation success rate. The total consultation times showed the highest odds ratio than the other significant factors. This study suggests that regular consultations will be the most effective intervention towards maintaining smoking cessation programs of smoking-cessation clinics in public health centers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.459-469
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to classify the subtypes of perpetrators of school violence based on their psychological characteristics. In order to classify the students, questionnaires/interviews which consist of 6 factors (Cognitive Impulsivity, Unplanned Impulsivity, Depression, Anxiety, Peer Conformity, and Self assertion) and 19 questions were administered to 86 perpetrators of school violence. Then, a two-step cluster analysis was performed with the survey results of 74 perpetrators. As a result, three clusters were identified and named as follows: 1) Impulsive Vulnerability, 2) Emotional Vulnerability, and 3) Social Vulnerability. Scrutinizing the detailed characteristics of each cluster, the first cluster, Impulsive Vulnerability, showed higher scores on Cognitive Impulsivity and Unplanned Impulsivity, compared to the other two clusters, while Depression and Anxiety scores were lower. The second cluster, Emotional Vulnerability, showed higher scores on Depression and Anxiety, while Cognitive Impulsivity and Unplanned Impulsivity scores were lower. The third cluster, Social Vulnerability, showed the highest score on Peer Conformity among the three clusters. However, Self assertion scores were the lowest in this cluster, and Cognitive Impulsivity, Unplanned Impulsivity, depression, and anxiety scores were lower than in the others. This study will provide a useful insight for facilitating teachers and parents' understanding of the psychological characteristics of school violence perpetrators and thereby contributing to effective intervention.