• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-31
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• 2017

Modern businesses are adopting new technologies to serve their markets better as well as to improve efficiency and productivity. The advertising industry has continuously experienced disruptions from the traditional channels (radio, television and print media) to new complex ones including internet, social media and mobile-based advertising. This case study focuses on proposing intelligent advertising business model in Seoul's metro network. Seoul has one of the world's busiest metro network and transports a huge number of travelers on a daily basis. The high number of travelers coupled with a well-planned metro network creates a platform where marketers can initiate engagement and interact with both customers and potential customers. In the current advertising model, advertising is on illuminated and framed posters in the stations and in-car, non-illuminated posters, and digital screens that show scheduled arrivals and departures of metros. Some stations have digital screens that show adverts but they do not have location capability. Most of the current advertising media have one key limitation: space. For posters whether illuminated or not, one space can host only one advert at a time. Empirical literatures show that there is room for improving this advertising model and eliminate the space limitation by replacing the poster adverts with digital advertising platform. This new model will not only be digital, but will also provide intelligent advertising platform that is driven by data. The digital platform will incorporate location sensing, e-commerce, and mobile platform to create new value to all stakeholders. Travel cards used in the metro will be registered and the card scanners will have a capability to capture traveler's data when travelers tap their cards. This data once analyzed will make it possible to identify different customer groups. Advertisers and marketers will then be able to target specific customer groups, customize adverts based on the targeted consumer group, and offer a wide variety of advertising formats. Format includes video, cinemagraphs, moving pictures, and animation. Different advert formats create different emotions in the customer's mind and the goal should be to use format or combination of formats that arouse the expected emotion and lead to an engagement. Combination of different formats will be more effective and this can only work in a digital platform. Adverts will be location based, ensuring that adverts will show more frequently when the metro is near the premises of an advertiser. The advertising platform will automatically detect the next station and screens inside the metro will prioritize adverts in the station where the metro will be stopping. In the mobile platform, customers who opt to receive notifications will receive them when they approach the business premises of advertiser. The mobile platform will have indoor navigation for the underground shopping malls that will allow customers to search for facilities within the mall, products they may want to buy as well as deals going on in the underground mall. To create an end-to-end solution, the mobile solution will have a capability to allow customers purchase products through their phones, get coupons for deals, and review products and shops where they have bought a product. The indoor navigation will host intelligent mobile-based advertisement and a recommendation system. The indoor navigation will have adverts such that when a customer is searching for information, the recommendation system shows adverts that are near the place traveler is searching or in the direction that the traveler is moving. These adverts will be linked to the e-commerce platform such that if a customer clicks on an advert, it leads them to the product description page. The whole system will have multi-language as well as text-to-speech capability such that both locals and tourists have no language barrier. The implications of implementing this model are varied including support for small and medium businesses operating in the underground malls, improved customer experience, new job opportunities, additional revenue to business model operator, and flexibility in advertising. The new value created will benefit all the stakeholders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.577-586
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• 2013

This study investigated black garlic and mugwort extracts have anti-stress activity. The antioxidant activities of extracts from black garlic (BEP), mugwort (MEP), and three mixtures (MPA, 95:5; MPB, 90:10; MPC, 85:15, w/w% for BEP and MEP, respectively) were tested in vitro. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities for the mixtures (MPA, MPB and MPC) were significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner by the amount of mugwort extract. A restraint stress was imposed on six groups of Sprague-Dawley rats supplemented with an AIN-93 diet (RSC) or one of five kinds of hot water extract drinks containing (black garlic, RS1; mugwort, RS2; and mixtures of black garlic : mugwort at 95:5, RS3; 90:10, RS4, and a mixture of black garlic : mugwort : apple extract : xylitol=90.25:4.75:2:3, RS5; v/v%) for 4 weeks. The normal group was fed with the AIN-93 diet and not exposed to restraint stress. Food intake was higher in the group fed with garlic extract (RS1), while the body weight gain and food efficiency ratio did not significantly change. The total serum cholesterol content in the RS1 and RS2 groups was significantly lower than the RSC group (control), and the RS5 group was not significantly different compared to the RS3 group. The serum triglyceride content was significantly higher RS3~RS5 groups than RS1 and RS2 groups. In terms of HDL-C and LDL-C contents, AI and CRF in the serum were not significantly different between RS3 and RS5 groups. AST and ALP activities of RS1~RS5 groups were significantly lower than the RSC group. The liver total lipid and cholesterol contents of RS1~RS5 groups were significantly lower than RSC group, and triglyceride content was significantly lower in the RS1 group. Glycogen in the liver tissue was significantly higher in the RS2 and RS3 group compared to the RSC group. These results show that the intake of a mixture of black garlic and mugwort extracts may be effective in the alleviation of hyperlipidemia caused by restraint stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.1035-1044
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of freeze-dried garlic powder (FDGP) on the lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol (HFC) diet for 4 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia. The rats were divided into the following four experimental groups: normal diet group (NC), HFC diet group (HFC), HFC+FDGP 5 mg/100 g body weight (BW) group (FGT-1), and HFC+FDGP 15 mg/100 g BW group (FGT-2). Body weight gains and food efficiency ratios were significantly lower in the FGT groups compared to the HFC group, and the food intake was not significantly different in all experimental groups. Serum total lipid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the FGT groups compared to the HFC group. Total lipid content of the FGT-2 group was reduced by about 9% and 12% compared to the FGT-1 group and HFC group, respectively. The FGT groups also showed about 10% reductions low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, atherogenic index (AI), and cardiac risk factor (CRF) compared to the HFC group. Liver function index (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) and lipid components were significantly lower in the FGT groups compared to the HFC group. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content of serum and liver tissue was reduced in the FGT groups compared to the HFC group, and was lower in the FGT-2 group compared to the FGT-1 group in serum. Antioxidant activities in serum and liver tissue were in the order of FGT-2> FGT-1> HFC group, significantly. In conclusion, FDGP effectively reduced the lipid components of serum and liver tissue. Feeding FDGP did not increase high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, but reduced LDL-cholesterol content, AI and CRF, especially. This shows that FDGP, will be effective in preventing and improving cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis and hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.957-962
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• 2012

The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of an ethanol extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg (PMT) on body lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet for 5 weeks. The rats were divided into 6 groups: a control group (I), a cholesterol-control group (II), a control group treated with 0.5% PMT (III), a control group treated with 1% PMT (IV), a cholesterol-control treated with 0.5% PMT (V), and a cholesterol-control group treated with 1% PMT (VI). Body weight gains and food efficiency ratios were not significantly different among the groups. The levels of serum blood glucose and triglycerides of the treated animals significantly decreased compared to the control and the cholesterol-control groups (p<0.05). There was a clear tendency of decreased LDL-cholesterol level in PMT-treated animals compared to the cholesterol-control group. However, no significant differences were observed in the serum HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol to LDL-cholesterol concentration, both the 0.5% PMT and 1% PTM extract intake groups had a higher percentage than in the control and cholesterol-control groups (p<0.05). In addition, the atherosclerotic index in serum was significantly lower in the PMT intake group than those in the group control and the cholesterol-control. These results indicated that the PMT extract was effective on the improvement of lipid metabolism in SD rats.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

These days Container Terminals are focusing on increasing the quantity of containers and shipping lines choose Terminals by referring to the key elements of a terminal to perform the overall operation the fastest such as the location of the terminal, discharging ability, keeping environment, and other elements related to shipping in general. Container terminal is able to offer On-Dock service has become an important factor for shipping lines to choose that terminal. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for On-Dock system work algorithm, the algorithm Empty container exports, Full Container algorithm and The aim of our study focus on both container's gate out time and search for the effective terminal operation which is using the general On-Dock system through several algorithm like container batch priority, gate in and out job priority and empty container yard equipment allocation rule based on the automatic allocation method and manual allocation scheme for container. Gathering these information, it gives the priority and yard location of gate-out containers to control. That is, by selecting an optimum algorithm container, container terminals Empty reduces the container taken out time, it is possible to minimize unnecessary re-handling of the yard container can be enhanced with respect to the efficiency of the equipment. Operations and operating results of the Non On-Dock and On-Dock system is operated by the out work operations (scenarios) forms that are operating in the real Gwangyang Container Terminal derived results. Gwangyang Container terminal and apply the On-Dock system, Non On-Dock can be taken out this time, about 5 minutes more quickly when applying the system. when managing export orders for berths where On-Dock service is needed, ball containers are allocated and for import cargoes, D/O is managed and after carryout, return management, container damage, cleaning, fixing and controlling services are supported hence the berth service can be strengthened and container terminal business can grow.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.636-642
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• 2013

In order to overcome drawbacks (i.e., filtration and recovery) of conventional powder type photocatalysts, nano-ZnO/Laponite/PVA (ZLP) photocatalyzed adsorption balls were developed by using in situ mixing of nanoscale ZnO as a photocatalyst, and Laponite as both adsorbent and supporting media in deionized water, followed by the poly vinyl alcohol polymerization with boric acid. The optimum mixing ratio of nano-ZnO:Laponite:PVA:deionized water was found to be 3:1:1:16 (by weight), and the mesh and film produced by PVA polymerization with boric acid might inhibit both swelling of Laponite and detachment of nanoscale ZnO from ZLP balls. Drying ZLP balls with microwave (600 watt) was found to produce ZLP balls with stable structure in water, and various sizes (55~500 ${\mu}m$) of pore were found to be distributed based on SEM and TEM results. In the initial period of reaction (i. e., 40 min), adsorption through ionic interaction between methylene blue and Laponite was the main removal mechanism. After the saturation of methylene blue to available adsorption sites for Laponite, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue occurred. The effective removal of methylene blue was attributed to adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. Based on the results from this study, synthesized ZLP photocatalyzed adsorption balls were expected to remove recalcitrant organic compounds effectively through both adsorption and photocatalytic degradation, and the risks of environmental receptors caused by detachment of nanoscale photocatalysts can be reduced.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to compare the effects of feeding commercial formula feed and rice straw separately (control) versus a total mixed ration (TMR) on productivity of Hanwoo steers in late stage of fattening and on ruminal fermentation characteristics and digestibilities. Ruminal digesta from the cannulated cattle were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 hour after feeding. The steers fed TMR consumed 7.4kg per day and there was no difference between feeding systems. Daily weight gain was not significantly (P>0.05) between feeding systems, however, TMR group showed lower daily gain than control group. The amount of feed consumption per kg weight gain was higher in TMR group than control group (10.5kg and 9.7kg, respectively), resulting in a greater efficiency of feed utilization for gain. In the result of appearance rates of quality grade A were 33% higher for TMR group than those in control group. Appearance rates of grade 1 showed 56% and 75% when fed the control and TMR, respectively. Digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and gross energy for TMR treatment were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of control. Prior to feeding (0 h) and each subsequent hour, the TMR resulted in higher rumen pH (P<0.05) when compared with control ration. The concentration of NH3-N for TMR treatment maintained at higher level up to 8hr after feeding, especially increased up to 28.2mg/$d\ell$ during 1-2 hour which was two times (P<0.05) more than control. The amount of total VFA showed same trends between feeding systems. However, the ratios of branched chained fatty acid such as iso-butyric acid and iso-valeric acid for TMR treatment were significantly(P<0.01) higher than control for 3-5hr. Results showed that TMR in these trials is effective feeding system for fattening Hanwoo steers in the respect of ruminal characteristics, total tract digestibility and productivities.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.1185-1190
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was undertaken to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Td booster immunization in early preadolescents of Korea. Methods : Healthy preadolescents, who had been vaccinated with 4 or 5 doses of DTaP vaccines until 6 years old age, were enrolled in this study from August 2006 to April 2007. Diphtheria and tetanus anti-toxoid antibodies in sera were measured by ELISA just before vaccination and 4 weeks after vaccination to evaluate immunogenicity. Local and systemic adverse reactions observed for 4 weeks after vaccination to access reactogenicity. Results : 183 preadolescents were enrolled and mean age was $11.40{\pm}0.51$ years old. All subjects achieved seroprotective diphtheria and tetanus anti-toxoid antibodies (titers ${\geq}0.1IU/mL$) after Td booster vaccination. Among 183 vaccinees, 73.8% showed local adverse reactions and 37.2% systemic adverse reactions. Pain at injection site (66.1%) was the most common local reaction, and the most commonly shown systemic reaction was myalgia (17.5%). The adverse reactions were spontaneously relieved within three days after vaccination. Conclusion : Td vaccine in this study was high immunogenic and showed an acceptable tolerance in Korean preadolescents. Td booster vaccination at 11-12 years old is the most effective method to increase compliance of the vaccination and to decrease the incidence of diphtheria and tetanus.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

Considering that the X-ray apron used in the department of radiology is also used in the department of nuclear medicine, the study aimed to analyze the shielding rate of the apron according to types of radioisotopes, thus ${\gamma}$ ray energy, to investigate the protective effects. The radioisotopes used in the experiment were the top 5 nuclides in usage statistics $^{99m}Tc$, $^{18}F$, $^{131}I$, $^{123}I$, and $^{201}Tl$, and the aprons were lead equivalent 0.35 mmPb aprons currently under use in the department of nuclear medicine. As a result of experiments, average shielding rates of aprons were $^{99m}Tc$ 31.59%, $^{201}Tl$ 68.42%, and $^{123}I$ 76.63%. When using an apron, the shielding rate of $^{131}I$ actually resulted in average dose rate increase of 33.72%, and $^{18}F$ showed an average shielding rate of -0.315%, showing there was almost no shielding effect. As a result, the radioisotopes with higher shielding rate of apron was in the descending order of $^{123}I$, $^{201}Tl$, $^{99m}Tc$, $^{18}F$, $^{131}I$. Currently, aprons used in the nuclear medicine laboratory are general X-ray aprons, and it is thought that it is not appropriate for nuclear medicine environment that utilizes ${\gamma}$ rays. Therefore, development of nuclear medicine exclusive aprons suitable for the characteristics of radioisotopes is required in consideration of effective radiation protection and work efficiency of radiation workers.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.10 s.267
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• pp.770-774
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• 2006

Background: Continuous air leakage through chest tube after lung surgery may increase pt's hospital stay and lead to many complications including empyema etc. Chemical pleurodesis has frequently been used for prevention of air leakage. Therefore, we performed chemical pleurodesis using diluted fibrin glue in patients with continuous air leak-age and observed the effects and efficiency of treatment. Material and Method: From September, 2001 to August, 2005, 16 patients whose continuous air leakage lasted more than 7 days underwent chemical pleurodesis with diluted fibrin glue. The effects of treatment, complications and recurrences were reviewed. Dissolved fibrinogen 1.0 g and aprotinin 500,000 KIU were mixed in a 50 cc syringe (Mixed solution A). And dissolved thrombin 5,000 IU and Calcium chloride 600 mg were mixed in a 50 cc syringe (Mixed solution B). Cefazolin 1.0 g was mixed in a 50 cc syringe (Mixed solution C). Rubber tube was inserted between the chest tube and the collecting bottle. An inserted rubber tube was positioned 60cm above the patient and forming a loop appearance was done. Mixed solutions A, B and C were injected into the highest rubber tube. Results: Continuous air leakages disappeared in all f6 patients at next day. Chest tubes were removed after 3 days in all patients. Complications were chest pain in 12 patients (75%), leukocytosis in 14 patients (88%), fever and chill in 14 patients (88%). All complications were transient and disappeared without specific treatment. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that diluted fibrin glue chemical pleurodesis was effective in patients with continuous air leakage lasting more than 7 days. Diluted fibrin glue chemical pleurodesis had good results with acceptable complications. long term follow-up is necessary to evaluate the accurate effects of treatment and recurrence in a large number of patients.