• 제목/요약/키워드: Effective Degree-Day

검색결과 180건 처리시간 0.024초

아동의 건강과 안전에 대한 보육교사 교육프로그램의 효과 (Effect of an Education Program on Child Health and Safety for Child Care Teachers)

  • 오가실;심미경;최은경
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.5-14
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an education program on child health and safety for teachers in child daycare centers. Method: Using a nonequivalent one group pretest-posttest design, 41 day care staff(N=41) from 12 day care centers in Seoul and D-gun in Chung-Nam were assigned to experimental group. A program that is appropriate for preventing injuries and protecting the health of young children at child daycare centers was developed. Health and safety education program was provided for the intervention group for 2 weeks two times. Results: After education session, the mean score of knowledge, self confidence, practice on safety and health in child care teachers were significantly increased. There were significant differences in the degree of knowledge according to education, and in the degree of practice according to age. Conclusions: The education program for child care teachers was effective in promoting knowledge, self confidence and practice on child health and safety. The results suggest that health and safety education program should be provided systematically and continuously for child care teachers.

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제조방법을 달리하여 제조한 현미가루 첨가 식빵의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Bread Made with Brown Rice Flours of Different Preparations)

  • 김명희;신말식
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.136-143
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to investigate the quality of bread made with different types of brown rice flours. 20% of the wheat flour from the bread recipe was substituted with the different types of brown rice flours, such as, raw brown rice flour (RBRF), soaked brown rice flour (SOBRF), and sprouted brown rice flour (SPBRF). The loaf volume of the bread: decreased by 3.2%∼7.4% with the addition of the brown rice flours. The "L" value of these breads decreased, while the "a" and "b" values increased. In terms of the texture, the SPBRF bread was the hardest on the 1st day of storage, but it was the least hard on the 5th day of storage. The RBRF bread was the least springy. The SPBRF bread was the most cohesive. The adhesiveness was not significantly different among the breads. In terms of the degree of retrogradation using the ${\alpha}$-amylase method, the SOBRF and SPBRF breads showed a little lesser degree of retrogradation than the control and the RBRF bread. In the sensory evaluation, the control bread obtained high score for crumb color and grain, while the brown rice flours breads obtained high scores for mouthfeel and taste. Overall acceptability, defined by a higher score, was higher for the SOBRF and SPBRF breads than the control bread, which was not significant. Thus, this study showed that processing rice flour was more effective than raw rice flour in substituting wheat flour.

소맥(Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)의 출수기 유전에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Inheritance of Heading Date in Wheat(Triticum aestivum L. em Thell))

  • 조장환
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제15권
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    • pp.1-31
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    • 1974
  • 소맥의 조숙품종육성을 위하여는 춘파성품종의 조숙인자를 추파성품종에 도입하는 것이 중요한 과제이므로 춘추파성 소맥품종의 일장과 온도조건에 따른 출수반응 및 출수기를 지배하는 생리적 요인의 구명과 출수기의 유전에 관한 지견을 얻고저 본실험을 실시하였다. 수원 작물시험장 전작포장 및 온실에서 1970년부터 조숙품종 Yecora F70, 중숙품종 수계 169호, 육성 003 만숙품종 장광, Bezostaia, Sturdy, Blueboy 등 8개품종을 상호교배하여 1972년부터 1973년에 온실 및 초자실을 이용하여 양친과 Diallel cross F$_1$을 고온장일, 고온단일, 저온장일, 저온단일의 4처리조건 및 포장조건에서 3조합의 F$_1$, F$_2$, BC$_1$, BC$_2$ 및 양친들은 고온단일조건에서 F$_1$, F$_2$ 9조합 및 그 양친은 포장에서 각각 재배 실험하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 춘화 처리후의 주요엽수는 일장 및 온도조건에 관계없이 일정하였으나 주간의 출엽속도에만 영향을 주었으며 춘파성품종은 추파성품종보다 주간엽수가 적었다. 2. 지엽전개일수의 일장 및 온도반응은 출수속도에 의하여 결정되며 일장과 온도에 따른 출엽속도의 차이는 하위엽보다 상위엽에서 컸다. 3. 춘화처리후의 출수기에 대한 생리적 요인은 일장반응과 순수조만생이며, 출수일수의 품종간 변이는 고온단일에서 가장 크고 포장조건에서 가장 적었으며 고온장일, 저온장일, 저온단일을 비슷하였다. 4. 일장차이에 의한 출수일수의 품종간 반응은 장광, Parker가 크고, Yecora F70, 수계 169 호 등 기타 품종들은 비교적 적었으며, 장광, Parker는 단일이 의하여 출수일수가 크게 지연되는 감광성 품종이었다. 5. 일장반응은 온도의 영향을 크게 받고 출수일수의 품종간차이는 저온일 빼보다 고온일 때 현저히 나타났다. 6. 온도차이에 의한 출수일수의 품종간 반응은 비슷하였으며, 어떠한 품종이라도 고온에 의하여 출수가 촉진되고 저온에 의해서 지연되었다.7. 출수일수에 대한 유전은 일장 및 온도조건이 변하여도 조숙은 만숙에 대하여 부분우성이었으며, 우성의 정도는 단일에서 크고 장일에서 적었다. 8. 고온장일조건에서 출수일수의 품종간 차이는 수수조만성의 차이라고 할 수 있으며, 춘파성품종인 Yecora F70은 추파성품종에 대하여 우성정도가 컸고 추파성품종간에는 우성정도가 없거나 적었다. 이때의 유효 우성 유전자수는 1쌍의 대립유전자에 의해서 지배되나 다소의 미동유전자가 관여되었다. 9. 출수일수에 관여하는 비감광성은 감광성에 대하여 우성단인자차에 의하여 지배되었고 저온조건에서는 단일감응성의 발현정도가 둔화 또는 억제되었다. 10. 순수 조만성과 단일감응성은 모두 조숙이 만숙에 대하여 부분우성으로 표현되었다. 11. 출수기에 관여하는 감온성의 품종간반응은 대립유전자 및 비대립유전자의 지배를 받으며 같은 대립유전자를 가진 품종군에서는 비감온성이 감온성에 대하여 우성으로 표현되나 일장 및 순수 조만성보다는 그 정도가 미미하다. 12. 장광과 수계 169호 사이에는 감광성에 관여하는 1쌍의 대립인자 ee와 EE에 의하여 조만이 결정되었고, 장광과 Yecora F70사이에는 ee, enen과 EE, EnEn의 2쌍의 대립인자에 의하여 지배된다고 추정되었다. 이때 EE와 EnEn는 조숙방향에 상가적으로 작용하여 단일조건하에서는 EE의 효과가 EnEn의 효과보다 크다. 장일 조건하에서는 EE의 효과는 나타나지 않고 EnEn효과만 발현된다. En과 en 사이에 우열관계는 E와 e 사이보다 적고 상가적 작용을 하고 있다고 본다. 13. 본 실험의 포장조건에서는 2개정도의 우성주동유전자를 가정할 수 있으나 생육초기의 저온단일과 생육후기의 고온장일의 영향으로 2개의 우성유전자 표현이 불확실하며 F$_2$분리에 있어서는 일장 및 온도의 영향과 미동유전자의 영향으로 연속변이를 하였다. 14. 출수일수의 유전력은 0.51-0.72로서 어느 조건에서나 높은 경향으로 초기세대의 선발효과가 큰 것으로 인정되었으며, 환경에 의하여 다소의 차이가 있어 장일보다는 단일에서 유전력이 컸고, 저온보다는 고온에서 큰 경향이었다. 또한 감광성의 유전력은 0.86-0.76으로 컸으나 온도효과의 유전력은 적었다. 15. 출수기가 빨라지므로서 1수입수, 천입중, 수량이 낮아지는 상관관계를 보여 조숙다수성 품종선발이 어렵다는 결과를 보였으나 수수와는 부의 상관(유의성은 없음)을 보여 조숙품종으로서 수수형 품종을 선발하면 수량을 올릴수 있는 약간의 가능성도 보였다.

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온도조건이 뽕나무깍지벌레의 발육 및 수내분포에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Temperatures on Development and Distribution of Mulberry scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, within Tree)

  • 박종대;김규진
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.238-243
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    • 1990
  • 핵과류를 가해하는 깍지벌레중 우점종인 뽕나무깍지벌레에 대한 용도조건이 충 발육 및 수관내분포에 미치는 영향과 월풍과의 관계를 구명하기 위하여 연구한 결과는 다용과 같다. 온도에 따른 각 stage의 성장비는 생육온도 범위의 항온에서는 크게 영향을 미치지 않았으며 각 stage의 발육영점과 유효적산온도는 난이 각각 $12.3^{\circ}C$, 46.9일도, 1령약총 $10.8^{\circ}C$, 183.8 일도, 2령약충 $9.8^{\circ}C$, 188.2일도였으며 총 약충 기간에서는 $10.3^{\circ}C$, 383.0일도이었다. 자성충의 수명은 $18^{\circ}C$, $22^{\circ}C$, $26^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 39.6일, 28.4일, 18.1일, 15.7일이었고 포란수 및 산란수는 각각 83.0개, 75.0개이었다. 또한 각 stage의 생육적온은 22~$26^{\circ}C$ 범위이었으며 $35^{\circ}C$에서는 부화되지 않았다. 여름철에 수관내 충의 밀도는 69.6%로 가지의 하향면에서 가장 높았으며 월동 자성충의 분포비율은 NE-SE변에서 가장 높았고 월동기간중 성충의 사충율은 36.2%이었다.

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Field-Curvature Correction According to the Curvature of a CMOS Image-Sensor Using Air-Gap Optimization

  • Kwon, Jong-Hoon;Rhee, Hyug-Gyo;Ghim, Young-Sik;Lee, Yun-Woo
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.658-664
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    • 2015
  • Lens designers generally refer to flat image fields and attempt to minimize the field curvature. Present-day CMOS image sensors for mobile phone cameras, however, are not flat, but curved. Sometimes it is necessary to generate an intentional field curvature according to the degree and direction of the CMOS image-sensor’s curvature. This paper presents the degree of curvature of a CMOS image sensor measured using an interferometer, and proposes an effective compensation method that minimizes the net field curvature through optimizing the air gap between lens elements, which is demonstrated using simulations and experiments.

A Simple Method of Seedling Screening for Drought Tolerance in Soybean

  • Kim, Young-Jin;S. Shanmungasundaram;Yun, Song-Joong;Park, Ho-Ki;Park, Moon-Soo
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.284-288
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    • 2001
  • Water deficit is a serious constraint to soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] production in rainfed regions of Asia, Africa, and America. This study was conducted to develop a simple and effective screening method for drought tolerance in soybean. Fifteen soybean cultivars, eight identified to be drought-tolerant and seven drought-sensitive in previous studies, were used for the evaluation of drought tolerance under the new screening conditions. The seedling screening method was consisted of a treatment in a PEG solution and drought treatment in parafilm-layered pots. 5-day-old seedlings were treated in a 18% PEG solution for 4 days and their wilting and hypocotyl browning were recorded. Three seedlings grown in a parafilm-layered pot containing peat moss were drought-stressed by withholding water from the third day after seedling emergence, and root and seedling growth were examined. Degree of drought tolerance were rated based on seedling vigor in the PEG solution and drought-stressed parafilm-layered pots, and also on the penetration ability of roots through parafilm layer. Most of seedlings of the drought-tolerant cultivars showed higher vigour and root penetration than those of the drought-sensitive cultivars under the new screening conditions. Our results indicate that the new method can be used as a simple and effective screening procedure for drought tolerance in soybean breeding programs.

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일부 서비스업 종사 여성근로자의 근육피로에 대한 EMG 분석 (Application of EMG Analysis for Department Store Female Workers)

  • 권영국;김순례;지주옥
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.156-161
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    • 1999
  • The EMG(Electromyography) analysis was used to identify the fact the degree of inclined step was selected as dependent variable and feet muscle fatigue was selected as a independent variable. In a final result from EMG test. the shift in median frequency (MF) with 20, 25, 30, 35 degree of inclined steps indicated that 30 degree step was identified as most effective for a decrease in feet muscle fatigue. In a department store, 80% of the workers are female standing sales workers. They work at standing on average 10 hours per day. They performed heavy duty jobs such as lifting, lowering. packing and carrying heavy materials. Furthermore, even though they have work shoes, they usually use various kind of high heels. Eventually, this situation develops low-back-pain (LBP) problems for female workers. In conclusion, it is recommended that a particular branch in a department store claimed this step can effectively to circulate blood and significantly decrease feet muscle fatigue in lower extremity.

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요가운동이 만성요통 완화에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Yoga Exercise on the Relieve of Chronic Low Back Pain)

  • 이경혜;강현숙
    • 근관절건강학회지
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.177-193
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study was to test whether Yoga exercise, one of muscle relaxation, helps to relieve chronic low back paln. Sample were selected from nurses who were worked at K medical center in the period from March 18 to April 23, 1996. The sample size was fifteen. The research design was one-group pretest-posttest design. To test the major research question, this study had the following procedure. The pretest included measuring individuals' degree of pain and discomfort depending on the scope and types of an range of motion, and their pain by their activity of daily living(ADL). The treatment was conducted twice every other week. The reason why this study had twice observations was to control history effect and maturation which treat internal validity in the research design of this study. In this research design, a treatment was to expose Yoga exercise to samples. The exercise was taken in 30 minutes per day for four days in a week (Two consecutive days and twice every other day). The posttest included re-measuring the individuals' the degree of pain and discomfort, and their pain by their ADL. Several hypotheses concerning effect of Yoga exercise was analyzed by the paired t-test, comparing the difference scores between pre and post tests. The results of this study was as follows. The first hypothesis that the post-treatment group taking the Yoga exercise had the pain score lower than the pre-treatment group was supported(t=3.31, p=.005). The second hypothesis that the discomfort score of the post-treatment group had lower than does that of the pre-treatment group was supported(t=2.75, p=.016). The third hypothesis that the post-treatment group had the pain score by ADL lower than does the pre-treatment group was supported(t=5.52, p=.000). In summary, this study examined the effect of a yoga exercise, one of muscle relaxation, on those who were suffered from chronic low back pain. The effect measured by the degree of pain and discomfort with a visual analog scale was statistically significant. The degree of pain according to postures in ADL also showed statistical significance. These findings showed that a yoga exercise was effective to alleviation of chronic low back pain. A pretest-posttest control group design, however, needs to get more accurate results since the design satisfies Internal validity. Consequently, yoga as an exercise cure improves an interaction between muscles and articulations, and performance of ADL for those suffered from chronic low back pain. Furthermore, this positive impact may be an effective method as nursing intervention for their physical, mental, emotional, social, and psychological recovery.

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Effect of Solcoseryl in Corneal Alkali Burn Rat Model

  • Kim, Hoon;Kim, Hong-Bee;Seo, Jae-Hwi;Lee, Dong Cho;Cho, Kyong Jin
    • Medical Lasers
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.22-30
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    • 2021
  • Background and Objectives Ocular alkali burns cause severe damage to the ocular tissues and vision loss. Solcoseryl is a standardized calf blood extract that normalizes the metabolic disturbance and aids in maintaining the chemical and hormonal balance and has been used to treat burns in various tissues. This study examined the effects of Solcoseryl on a rat corneal alkali burn model. Materials and Methods Twenty rats were assigned randomly to four equal groups, including alkali burn, hyaluronic acid, Solcoseryl eyedrop, and Solcoseryl gel. A corneal alkali burn was induced by a NaOH-soaked paper disc. The treatments were given twice a day, every day. The wound area was measured after 24 and 48 hours, and the degree of neovascularization and corneal opacity were scored every week. The rats were sacrificed after three weeks for immunohistochemistry (IHC) to compare the level of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The thickness of the retinal layers was compared to observe any changes in the retina. Results The use of Solcoseryl on corneal alkali burn accelerated wound healing with less neovascularization, greater opacity, and less cataract. IHC showed that the inflammation of the cornea was controlled by both the hyaluronic acid and Solcoseryl treatments. On the other hand, the inflammation had spread to the retina. When the dosage forms were compared, eyedrops were more effective on corneal inflammation, while the gel-type had a greater effect on retinal inflammation. Conclusion Solcoseryl was effective in accelerating the wound healing rate on a corneal alkali burn but could not prevent the spread of inflammation from the cornea to the retina. Eyedrops were more effective on inflammation in the cornea, and the gel was more effective in the retina.

입원환아 부모의 간호요구 (Nursing Needs of Parents with Hospitalized Child)

  • 서영미;권인수;조명옥;최운주
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.59-69
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    • 1999
  • The main purpose of this study is to identify nursing needs of parents who have hospitalized child. Research design is a descriptive survey. The subjects for the study were 79 parents who have hospitalized child at a pediatric ward of one of the general hospital attached to a university in J city. The data was collected by researchers using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was Likert type 5 point scale, composed of 5 categories with 61 items. The data was analyzed by SPSS/PC. The results of the study were as follows ; 1) Mean score of nursing needs of subjects were 3.93 at 2nd day of admission and 3.99 at 7th day of admission. 2) Among the categories, the highest nursing need at the End day and 7th day of admission was ‘dilect nursing’, in desending order, ‘facilities and environment’, ‘education and counseling’, ‘nursing assessment’. The lowest nursing need was ‘reference’. 3) Differences between the nursing needs of subjects at 2nd day and 7th day were as follows : (1) By categories, there was a significant difference only in the ‘reference’ categoly(t=2.74, P=.008). (2) By items, there were significant differences in items of ‘to check necessary materials(t=2.31, P=.024)’, ‘to understand family function and family relationship(t=2.12, P=.041)’, ‘to set up study room(t=2.22, P=.030)’, and ‘to mediate parent's meeting group(t=3.89, P=.000)’. The above result indicated that nursing needs of parents with hospitalized child were above average, especially very high in items about disease process, and items directly associated with treatment and nursing care. So, nurses have to focus on information about the patient's state of disease, treatment, test and procedure, and in efficiently giving direct nursing care to implement mure effective care for the hospitalized children and their parents. And some future researche is needed to identify the difference of degree of nursing needs of parents with hospitalized child according to admission duration using a different sample and a longer sampling interval.

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