• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.204-216
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of massage therapy on weight gain, length and head circumference in instituted infants. This study utilized nonequivalent control group with repeated measuring by quasi experimental design. Fifty eight instituted infants in Daejeon city were selected for the study. Fifty eight infants were randomly assigned two groups, one served as the control group and the other was experimental group to whom massage therapy was given. For the experimental group, massage protocol(developed by Field, 1986) was applied 2 times a day, mid-morning and early evening, for 4 weeks for each infants by researcher and trained research assistants. As a weight weighing instrument, electronic indicator scale (Cas Co., Korea) was used. The result of this study were summarized as follows; 1.A repeated measures ANOVA identified a significant group by time effect over the four weeks of intervention(F=14.69, p < .0001). Infants assigned to experimental group gained more weight than control group infants. 2. T-test identified that significant differences in length(t=2.60, P=.013) and head circumference(t=4.27, P=.000). Infants assigned to experimental group had more length and head circumference than control group infants. In conclusion, Massage therapy improved weight gain, length and head circumference of instituted infants. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize massage therapy as a nursing intervention for instituted infants.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.591-600
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• 2019

Based on the energy-variational principle, a coupling vibration analysis model of high-speed railway simply supported beam bridge-track structure system (HSRBTS) was established by considering the effect of shear deformation. The vibration differential equation and natural boundary conditions of HSRBTS were derived by considering the interlayer slip effect. Then, an analytic calculation method for the natural vibration frequency of this system was obtained. By taking two simply supported beam bridges of high-speed railway of 24 m and 32 m in span as examples, ANSYS and MIDAS finite-element numerical calculation methods were compared with the analytic method established in this paper. The calculation results show that two of them agree well with each other, validating the analytic method reported in this paper. The analytic method established in this study was used to evaluate the natural vibration characteristics of HSRBTS under different interlayer stiffness and length of rails at different subgrade sections. The results show that the vertical interlayer compressive stiffness had a great influence on the high-order natural vibration frequency of HSRBTS, and the effect of longitudinal interlayer slip stiffness on the natural vibration frequency of HSRBTS could be ignored. Under different vertical interlayer stiffness conditions, the subgrade section of HSRBTS has a critical rail length, and the critical length of rail at subgrade section decreases with the increase in vertical interlayer compressive stiffness.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.295-308
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• 2018

In this study, orbit determination (OD) simulation for the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) was accomplished for investigation of the observational arc-length effect using a sequential estimation algorithm. A lunar polar orbit located at 100 km altitude and $90^{\circ}$ inclination was mainly considered for the KPLO mission operation phase. For measurement simulation and OD for KPLO, the Analytical Graphics Inc. Systems Tool Kit 11 and Orbit Determination Tool Kit 6 software were utilized. Three deep-space ground stations, including two deep space network (DSN) antennas and the Korea Deep Space Antenna, were configured for the OD simulation. To investigate the arc-length effect on OD, 60-hr, 48-hr, 24-hr, and 12-hr tracking data were prepared. Position uncertainty by error covariance and orbit overlap precision were used for OD performance evaluation. Additionally, orbit prediction (OP) accuracy was also assessed by the position difference between the estimated and true orbits. Finally, we concluded that the 48-hr-based OD strategy is suitable for effective flight dynamics operation of KPLO. This work suggests a useful guideline for the OD strategy of KPLO mission planning and operation during the nominal lunar orbits phase.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.25-29
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• 2011

Purpose : We investigated the effect of anti-flexion taping at the proximal interphalangeal joints on the gait in stroke patients with clawing toe. Methods : Nineteen patients (mean age $63.26{\pm}9.16$ years) with clawing toe were studied. Gait performance was measured under two different conditions : (1) non-tape (2) application of tape. Gait velocity, step time and stride length were examined with the GAITRite system Results : Compared to the non-tape control condition, step time of the hemiparetic side increased significantly after the application of tape(p=0.03). There was no significant mean differences between the taped and control conditions for stride length of the hemiparetic side and velocity. Conclusion : Whilst the anti-flexion tape at the proximal interphalangeal joints changed the walking by providing significant step time effect, positive changes were noted in stride length of the hemiparetic side after tape application. These findings indicate that anti-flexion tape procedures do not significantly alter stride length of the hemiparetic side and velocity.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.325-335
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• 2024

Yielding dampers exhibit varying cyclic behavior based on their geometry. These dampers not only increase the energy dissipation of the structure but also increase the strength and stiffness of the structure. In this study, parametric investigations were carried out to explore the impact of angled U-shape damper (AUSD) dimensions on its cyclic behavior. Initially, the numerical model was calibrated using the experimental specimen. Subsequently, analytical equations were presented to calculate the yield strength and elastic stiffness, which agreed with the experimental results. The outcomes of the parametric studies encompassed ultimate strength, effective stiffness, energy dissipation, and equivalent viscous damper ratio (EVDR). These output parameters were compared with similar dampers. Also, the magnitude of the effect of damper dimensions on the results was investigated. The results of parametric studies showed that the yield strength is independent of the damper width. The length and thickness of the damper have the greatest effect on the elastic stiffness. Reducing length and width resulted in increased energy dissipation, effective stiffness, and ultimate strength. Damper width had a more significant effect on EVDR than its length. On average, every 5 mm increase in damper thickness resulted in a 3.6 times increase in energy dissipation, 3 times the effective stiffness, and 3 times the ultimate strength of the model. Every 15 mm reduction in damper width and length increased energy dissipation by 14% and 24%, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2007

The use of an Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR) for a diesel engine with variable geometry turbocharger(VGT) has confronted how to obtain the amount of EGR for NOx reduction requirement at wide operating range and less side effect. Through a combined effort of modeling(wave action simulation) and experiment, an investigation into the effect of EGR area ratio and pipe length on EGR characteristics of common rail diesel engine with VGT has been performed. For accurate computation, calibration of constants involved in empirical and semi-empirical correlations has been performed at a specific operating point, before of its use for engine simulation. From the results of this study, it was found that EGR rate is sharply increased with increasing EGR area ratio until area ratio of 0.3. However, the effect of EGR area ratio on EGR rate is negligible beyond this criteria. This study also investigates the effect of EGR pipe length on a EGR amount and pulsating flow characteristics at EGR junction. The results showed that the longer EGR pipe length, the lower EGR amount was achieved due to the flow loss resulting in lower amplitude of pressure wave.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2016

Commercial buildings are generally cooling-dominated and therefore reject more heat to a vertical ground heat exchanger(GHE) than they extract over the annual cycle. Shallow ponds can provide a cost-effective means to balance the thermal loads to the ground and to reduce the length of GHE. The objective of this work has been to develop a design tool for surface water heat exchanger(SWHE) submerged in shallow pond. This paper presents the analysis results of the impact of design parameters on the length of SWHE and its application effect on geothermal heat pump(GHP) system using vertical GHE. In order to analysis, We applied ${\epsilon}-NTU$ method on designing the length of SWHE. Analysis results show that the required pipe length of SWHE was decreased with the increase of approach temperature difference and with the decrease of pipe wall thickness. In addition, when the SWHE was applied to the GHP system, the temperature of vertical GHE was more stable than that of standalone GHE system.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.141-158
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of KyungOcGogamibang(KOGE) on the growth of rats. Methods First of all, we divided male Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups(KOGE1, KOGE2, KOGE3 and control group). Then KOGE1, KOGE2 and KOGE3 groups were administered with KOGE water extracts once a day at a dosage of 250, 500, 1,000mg/kg respectively for 3 weeks. The control group was administered with normal saline in the same manner. We measured the rat's body weight, amount of body weight increased, length of femur, serum GH, serum IGF-Ⅰ, serum TSH and serum testosterone after each week of administration. Results 1. There were significant changes of the rat's body weight, the length of the femur, the level of GH, IGF-Ⅰand TSH in KOGE1 groups. 2. There were significant changes of the rat's body weight, the length of the femur, the level of IGF-Ⅰand TSH in KOGE2 groups. 3. There were significant changes of the rat's body weight, the length of the femur, the level of IGF-Ⅰand TSH in KOGE3 groups. Conclusions According to the results above, rat in KOGE group have been increased their body weight, length of femur, serum GH, serum IGF-1 compared to the control group. This study shows that groups of KOGE have an effect on promoting the growth, thus it is expected to treat growth problems for children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1515-1520
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• 2012

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene is important for regulation of growth and development in mammals. The present investigation was carried out to study DNA polymorphism by PCR-RFLP of IGFBP-3 gene and its effect on fibre traits of Chinese Inner Mongolian cashmere goats. The fibre traits data investigated were cashmere fibre diameter, combed cashmere weight, cashmere fibre length and guard hair length. Four hundred and forty-four animals were used to detect polymorphisms in the hircine IGFBP-3 gene. A 316-bp fragment of the IGFBP-3 gene in exon 2 was amplified and digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. Three patterns of restriction fragments were observed in the populations. The frequency of AA, AB and BB genotypes was 0.58, 0.33 and 0.09 respectively. The allelic frequency of the A and B allele was 0.75 and 0.25 respectively. Nucleotide sequencing revealed a C>G transition in the exon 2 region of the IGFBP-3 gene resulting in R158G change which caused the polymorphism. Least squares analysis revealed a significant effect of genotypes on cashmere weight (p<0.0001), cashmere fibre length (p<0.001) and hair length (p<0.05) of the animals. The effect of genotypes on cashmere fibre diameter was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The animals of AB and BB genotypes showed higher cashmere weight, cashmere fibre length and hair length than the animals possessing AA genotype. These results suggested that polymorphisms in the hircine IGFBP-3 gene might be a potential molecular marker for cashmere weight in cashmere goats.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.137-146
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• 2009

This study analyzed hierarchy of image for visual evaluation of flare skirt. This study analyzed expression words about flare skirt with frequency data of image expression words with different length and volume of flare. Stimuli for the study were set to be 4 different volume of flare ($90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$, $360^{\circ}$) and 3 different length of skirt(48cm, 58cm, 68cm). Stimuli were made by using I-Designer which is Virtual Sewing System. From simulation of flare skirt, the subjects were asked to write down suggested adjective freely and selected 210 adjectives. With this, we chose total 38 adjectives considering frequencies in the pre-study. And we analyzed the combination process of expression words according to construction factor of flare skirt and hierarchy of image from dendrogram which was resulted by hierarchical cluster analysis. 'Feminine' got high score in all 12 flare skirt. When the skirt was short, it was vivid, and as the skirt got longer, ordinary and pure image showed. Also, as the volume of flare got larger, the average of visual effect was higher than visual image. Visual hierarchy construction according to construction factors of flare skirt could be divided into visual image and visual effect, and visual image was shown to be form 'A type - large volume of flare and short skirt length', 'H type-small volume of flare and short skirt length' and 'X type - large volume of flare and long skirt length'.