• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.143-150
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• 2019

Playing musical instruments has long been a hobby enjoyed by many, whether amateur or professional. However, a lot of long and arduous practice is required if one wants to acquire the skills of musical artist and truly enjoy the pleasure of playing. This repetitive and tedious practice is often a hindrance to the process of learning a musical instrument, and numerous educators have put a lot of research and effort into making the process easier and more fun for students. In addition, various media practice tools are being developed to keep the students engaged and having fun. The core elements of this content primarily include controlling the speed of backing tracks in accordance with the skill level of students and providing a backing ensemble that enables them to enjoy the fun of playing. This paper studies and compares various MIDI playback techniques capable of controlling speed and pitch in smartphone applications. Modern applications of these techniques are seen in music educational contents, as well as entertainment contents. It also discusses the development and launching of Upbeat, a drum-loop metronome that automatically increases speed by applying different techniques to its respective smartphone operating systems, Android OS and iOS.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.22-43
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• 1983

1. Need for and Purpose of the Study. There is an increasing demand for curriculum improvement of the Korean Army Nursing Academy (KANA), since it was upgraded into 4-year institution of higher learning from 3-year one. In particular, it is strongly advocated that the KANA needs the outside expertise for its curriculum improvement-namely not only from the internal military view of points but also from the viewpoints of professional educational society, In line with such a necessity for the study, this study was aimed at 1) analyzing the current actual practices of KANA'S curriculum, 2) investigating the desired practices of KANA'S curriculum, and 3) identifying the discrepancy between the actual and desired practices of curriculum. 2. Problems for the Study This study had 4 problems to be answeared as follows: 1) What are the actual curriculum practices of KANA? 2) What are the desired curriculum practices of KANA? 3) How are the extents of perception of actual and desired curriculum different in four groups (student, faculty & administrator, nurse, and medical doctor in militay hospital) ? 4) What are the restraining forces that impede the change from actual to desired curriculum practices? 5) What are the relationships of curriculum component,』 in actual and desired curriculum practices? 3. Methods and Procedures This study was conducted by means of document analysis in addition to literature review and by means of needs assessment questionnaire which was developed by the researcher. The questionnaire included 62 statments with 7 questions for demographic data collection. The needs assessment questionnaire was managed to a total of 243 subjects (100 students, 46 faculty & administrators, 55 nurses, and 42 medical doctors), The collected data were treated using SPSS computer system so as to calculate mean scores, standard deviations, and correlation coefficients. The significance test was made through t-test and one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance level was set at both .05 and .01 level. 4. Major findings The major findings in this study are as follows: 1) The score of desired practices was significantly greater than that of actual practices, representing a strong need for curriculum betterment. 2) There were significant differences in the perceptions of actual practices as well as desired practices among four groups (student, faculty & administrater, nurse, and medical doctor). 3) The most frequently selected restraining forces were army's inherent character, economical limitation, and educational expertise limitations. 4) Such variables as sex, position attachment to the KANA and grade made a statistically significant effect on the perception of desired curriculum practice, while the variables like marrige, position, and military class made it on the perception of actual curriculum practice. 5) The coefficients among the curriculum components were lower in perception of the actual curriculum practices than those in the desired practices. 5. Conclusions The conclusions based on the major findings of this study are as follows: 1) The current curriculum development procedure of the KANA is not consistent with the theoretical frame of systematic development sarategy of curriculum. 2) There are wide conflicts among the groups who are supposed to participate in curriculnm development, concerning the actual and desired practices of KANN'S curriculum. 3) A great deal of need for curriculum improvement for the KANA is clearly felt, and in particular, in the process of teaching and learning. 4) Each component of curriculum is not intergrated into a whole development procedure, being segregated each other. 5) For better curriculum improvement, such restraining forces as financial and professional limitations should be eliminated. 6. Recommendations 1) For Further Research a. There is a need to replicate this study after in-depth statistical analysis of each item of need assessment questionnaire, and with more representative subjects. b. A study should be conducted which. has its focus on the analysis of restraining forces for the change from actual to desired curriculum practices of the KANA. 2) For KANA'S Curriculum Improvement a. There is a need to promote the professional expertise of the participants in curriculum development and the communication among them. b. It is desirable to establish an institution or section of administration, which is soley in charge of curriculum development. c. To better develop KANA's curriculum not only faculty and administrators but also students should be encouraged to participate in development process, while the military medical doctors' participation should be carefully considered.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

In this paper, as a new educational cooperation model, seeking the problems and the directions of progress on GPOE(Gyeonggi Provincial Office of Education)'s innovational education district project, recognizing the various points of issue of SVHS(specialized vocational high schools) faced now, suggesting the contents and standards of the program as measures of enhancing competitiveness of SVHS, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of project of innovational education district and finding the plans for progress. According to the result of the advanced study and analysis, it shows that the aid as well as the supporting object of helping the SVHS's students find a job don't reach a certain level. As the aid supports across the general elementary and secondary schools, it tends to show much more emotional software-based support required by elementary school, middle school and general high school as universal education welfare rather than hardware-based support required by SVHS. Despite the competent evaluation on the survey about the supporting method from SVHS's parents teachers and students, the survey includes that teachers who ask the balancing support are increasing, some students suspect its effect of education and some parents as a residential position ask the regional growth rather than education So there are a lot of confusions among the teachers, students and parents yet. To overcome these problems, we ensure the internal stability of local education community and GPOE and local government get out large scale constructions with trust and belief to make a revolution of public education in supporting the administrative task and finance and to accomplish the program that best suits our SVHS's state to be supported without dividing educational software and hardware, should reflect the demand of field by for expert group being built and attended when build the local revolution community. Also plan to make full use of local human and property infrastructure should be added. To this end, as programs to build a pool of guest lecturers are provided to teachers who carry out innovative education programs, we seek the reformations to give students opportunities to widen participation in other school programs.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.26-39
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• 2003

The elderly can experience a lot of stressful events and the stress acts as a various fluent that affects a well-being level, the self-contentment of lives, and the achievements by themselves. Also, the elderly are different from the young in many unexpressed stress and have diverse copings for perceived stress. Moreover, they mainly seem to use a problem-focused coping and an emotion-focused coping. To use whatever copings is to improve the quality of life in the old period and very important fact to achieve their ends. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Perceived Stress and the Ways of Coping in the Elderly and to gain the baseline data for development of nursing intervention program for improve to the quality of life in the elderly. The design of this study was a correlational study. The subjects of this study consisted of 230 of the elderly living in Pusan. The data was collected from 1st July. to 1st September, 2002. The instruments used for this study were 'Perceived Stress Scale(20items, 5point. scale)' developed by Kang In(1990) and translated by Lee young-ja(1999), and its reliability is Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.89$. 'Coping Scale(30items, 4point. scale, 14 items about a problem-focused coping, 16 items about an emotion-focused coping, 4 points scale) developed by Lazarus & Folkman(1984) and translated by Yang Young-hee(1998). The reliability of this study is Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.90$. The data was analyzed by the SPSS WIN 10.0 program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The mean score of perceived stress was $31.75{\pm}10.23$(Min 20, Max 100), which the item mean score was $1.59{\pm}.51$(Min 1, Max 5). 2. The number of subjects in a problem-focused coping was 72(31.3%), the number of subjects in an emotion-focused coping was 158(68.7%) 3. There were statistically significant positive correlation between perceived stress and problem-focused coping method and the more emotion-focoused coping method.(r=.180, r= .209, P< .05). It means the more stress, the more problem-focused coping method and the more emotion-focused coping method. 4. There was significant difference the score of perceived stress according to sex (F=-5.057, P=.000)marital status, (F=-2.909, P=.004), economic level, (F=10.243, P=.000), paticipated meeting, (F=9.346, P=.000), perceived health status(F=5.117, P=.007). 5. There was significant difference the score of problem-focused coping method according to age(F=14.200, P=.000), marital status (F=2.432, P=.0160), economic level (F=14.410, P=.000), monthly income, (F=8.300. P=.000), income resource (F=10.235, P=.000), educational level (F=15.222, P=.000), occupation (F=1.544, P=.041), paticipated meeting (F=4.936, P=.008), perceived health status(F=5.655, P=.004). And there was significant difference the score of emotion-focused coping method according to monthly income(F=4.781, P=.009), income resource(F=2.930, P=.035), educational level(F=6.101, P=.003), religionF=2.698, P=.032), paticipated meetings(F=7.285, P=.001). As a result of the study, the elderly had a bit less stress and the two-thirds of the elderly used the emotion-focused coping. Thus, the more perceived stress, the more problem-focused coping method and the more emotion-focused coping method. Accordingly, to improve the quality of life of the elderly, there needs and applies a nursing intervention program that relieves the stress and use effective coping method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 2011

Recently, the public's interest in quality of life and good design has increased, and the opportunities for their participation in space planning and the design process are expanding. However, the public still lacks understanding of the role(and importance) of space and environment and is not experienced in expressing their opinion on improving the urban environment. At this point, 'Built Environment Education for Kids' will be the key to understanding space and environment as future citizens and to developing the ability of problem-solving and expressing their opinions. This study aims to change the awareness of the public as well as experts, and to make a better urban space through comparison and analysis of domestic and foreign 'Built Environment Education.' In 27 countries around the world(more than 110 institutions), 'Built Environment Education' from childhood is being implemented. Such movements aim to make people participate in the space design and decision-making process by understanding a fundamental element of the built environment and space perception. In this study, the United States, Britain, Finland, Japan and South Korea's 'Built Environment Education' are discussed Above all, the definition, range and target of 'Built Environment Education' are discussed For each case, the purpose and effect, laws and educational processes, systems and roles, and examples of programs are analyzed. Through reviewing each attribute and their implications, a conclusion is drawn on the aspects we have to consider in laying the foundation for implementing the 'Built Environment Education' in Korea, such as consideration of the locality, organizing systematic networks and composing a pool of experts, building proper institutions, and establishing the role of the government. This case study of 'Built Environment Education' can help increase the awareness of the public and build their strength in establishing a better future space. Through the analysis of the purpose, laws, systems, and contents, this case study is expected to provide and build the foundation for an educational system and develop an appropriate program that best suits our society.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.10-20
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• 2014

Today, most roof spaces are being designed as places for resting. The use of the roof spaces needs to be raised otherwise, budgeting or costs involved can be wasteful. A well-made plan is needed to increase the use of the roof spaces. The behavior of and preference for roof spaces could differ depending on building usage because the users of these roof spaces can be different. Therefore, this study selected 4 building types depending on usage: public buildings, educational and research buildings, medical buildings, and commercial buildings. Two buildings that created roof spaces per building type were selected. A survey was undertaken of the user experience of roof spaces on the buildings. The behavior and preference of roof spaces depending on building types were analyzed and the results are as follows. The behavior of using roof spaces regarding purpose, motivation, frequency, and average length of stay were different depending on the building types. In terms of purpose, over all four building types, taking a rest was the primary reason for using roof spaces. However, talking and smoking in public buildings, smoking, taking a walk or stretching, and viewing the exterior landscape in educational and research buildings, taking a walk or stretching and talking in medical buildings, taking care of children and talking in commercial buildings were also important reasons for using roof spaces. The preference of roof space components such as plants, paving materials, and facilities were different depending on the building types. In terms of plants, the users of public buildings preferred herbaceous plants and vegetables/aquatic plants more than the users of other building types. The users of medical buildings preferred vegetables/aquatic plants, and the users of commercial buildings preferred arbores, herbaceous plants, and vegetables/aquatic plants more than the users of other building types. This study provides empirical data for the behavior and the preference of roof spaces depending on building types. These findings could provide new insights into how to increase the use of roof spaces.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 1990

This study was performed during the period between March 22 and July 23, 1989 in other to examine status of aniti - smoking eduation in middle and high school in Seoul. The results were as follows; 1. The respondents of this study were 403 nurse teachers of whom 43.7% had implemented anti - smoking education and 56.3% had not implemented anti - smoking education. Classified by school, those schools implementing anti - smoking education were in order of frequency; boys' high schools (32.4%), coeducational high schools (18.3%) and boys' middle schools (13/6%) and those schools not implementing anti-smoking education were in order of frequency: girls' high schools (23.8%), girls' middle schools (22.5%) and coeducation middle schools(7.6%). 2. The number of times that anti - smoking education was done was once a year (60.8%) or twice a year (38.2%). For teaching materials, 49.4% of the schools reported possessing teaching materials and 50.6% reported not possessing teaching matenials. The content of the anti - smoking education material was classified by grade for 27.8% of the schools and not classified by grade for 72.2%. 3. In schools where anti - smoking education directed at giving up smoking was being used, several problems were presented; lack of reference data and education of data(38.1%) lack of equipment(29.0%), smoking by teachers(13.6%). On the other hand, in schools where anti - smoking education was not being used, the ploblems identified were, in the following order, lack of reference data and education of data(38.1%), lack of equipment(29.0%) lack of time (15.0%) and lack of information (15.4%). There was statistically significant difference the two types of schools. 4. In discussing the proper time for education on giving up smoking, the teachers in school with indicated anti - smoking education the following, in order of frequency, the first year of middle school(30.5%), the second year(27.6%), the last year of middle school (18.4%), primary school (11.9%). For those who did not have anti - smoking education, the result were similar, the first year of middle school (31.9%), the second year (23.5%), primary school (17.6%), and the last year of middle school (15.5%). There results were not statisically significant but they supports the idea of eaely education directed at giving up smoking. 5. The actual frequency of students smoking was as follows. In schools with anti - smoking education 33.5% of the students smoked a lot and seriously 33.0% smoked a little and not seriously. In schools without anti - smoking education, the majority of the teachers (50.4%) indicated that the students were 'few and not serious' followed by 'I don't know well'(19.8%), 'many but not serious'(15.6%), 'many and serious'(15.2%). This implies that the teachers in schools which have anti - smoking education think smoking is more seriously than those who are in schools which do not have anti - smoking education though it is influenced by the members of the school. The opinions on penalities for smoking were as follows; in schools with anti - smoking education, 'punish'(52.8%) and 'give advice'(27.8%). In schools with no anti-smoking education 'punish'(41.9%), 'give advice'(24.5%) and 'I don't know what the rules for punishment should be'(18.5%), and 'do not punish'(16.4). 6. For knowledge about smoking by nurse - teachers, in schools having anti - smoking education the average score was 30.40. There was not statistically significant differences in these scores. But, there is an indication of a need for a deeper and a moer systematic knowledge of smoking as shown by the problem points; lack of reference data and educational data. The reason for this is that education to give up smoking is not considered a part of routine life. But the majority(95.2%) of the respondents indicated that a systematic program in the schools would meet that need.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 2014

Keeping in line with the recent changes in the information technology environment, the online learning environment that supports multiple users' participation such as MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) has become important. One of the largest professional associations in Information Technology, IEEE Computer Society, announced that "Supporting New Learning Styles" is a crucial trend in 2014. Popular MOOC services, CourseRa and edX, have continued to build active learning environment with a large number of lectures accessible anywhere using smart devices, and have been used by an increasing number of users. In addition, collaborative web services (e.g., blogs and Wikipedia) also support the creation of various user-uploaded learning materials, resulting in a vast amount of new lectures and learning materials being created every day in the online space. However, it is difficult for an online educational system to keep a learner' motivation as learning occurs remotely, with limited capability to share knowledge among the learners. Thus, it is essential to understand which materials are needed for each learner and how to motivate learners to actively participate in online learning system. To overcome these issues, leveraging the constructivism theory and collective intelligence, we have developed a social bookmarking system called WeStudy, which supports learning material sharing among the users and provides personalized learning material recommendations. Constructivism theory argues that knowledge is being constructed while learners interact with the world. Collective intelligence can be separated into two types: (1) collaborative collective intelligence, which can be built on the basis of direct collaboration among the participants (e.g., Wikipedia), and (2) integrative collective intelligence, which produces new forms of knowledge by combining independent and distributed information through highly advanced technologies and algorithms (e.g., Google PageRank, Recommender systems). Recommender system, one of the examples of integrative collective intelligence, is to utilize online activities of the users and recommend what users may be interested in. Our system included both collaborative collective intelligence functions and integrative collective intelligence functions. We analyzed well-known Web services based on collective intelligence such as Wikipedia, Slideshare, and Videolectures to identify main design factors that support collective intelligence. Based on this analysis, in addition to sharing online resources through social bookmarking, we selected three essential functions for our system: 1) multimodal visualization of learning materials through two forms (e.g., list and graph), 2) personalized recommendation of learning materials, and 3) explicit designation of learners of their interest. After developing web-based WeStudy system, we conducted usability testing through the heuristic evaluation method that included seven heuristic indices: features and functionality, cognitive page, navigation, search and filtering, control and feedback, forms, context and text. We recruited 10 experts who majored in Human Computer Interaction and worked in the same field, and requested both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the system. The evaluation results show that, relative to the other functions evaluated, the list/graph page produced higher scores on all indices except for contexts & text. In case of contexts & text, learning material page produced the best score, compared with the other functions. In general, the explicit designation of learners of their interests, one of the distinctive functions, received lower scores on all usability indices because of its unfamiliar functionality to the users. In summary, the evaluation results show that our system has achieved high usability with good performance with some minor issues, which need to be fully addressed before the public release of the system to large-scale users. The study findings provide practical guidelines for the design and development of various systems that utilize collective intelligence.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.485-496
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• 2022

Modern agriculture is being transformed into smart agriculture to maximize production efficiency along with changes in the 4th industrial revolution. However, rural areas in Korea are facing challenges of aging, low fertility, and population outflow, making it difficult to transition to smart agriculture. Among ICT technologies, simulation allows users to observe or experience the results of their choices through imitation or reproduction of reality. The combination of the three-dimension (3D) model and the greenhouse simulator enable a 3D experience by virtual greenhouse for fruits and vegetable cultivation. At the same time, it is possible to visualize the greenhouse under various cultivation or climate conditions. The objective of this study is to apply the greenhouse climate management model for simulation development that can visually see the state of the greenhouse environment under various micrometeorological properties. The numerical solution with the mathematical model provided a dynamic change in the greenhouse environment for a particular greenhouse design. Light intensity, crop transpiration, heating load, ventilation rate, the optimal amount of CO₂ enrichment, and daily light integral were calculated with the simulation. The results of this study are being built so that users can be linked through a web page, and software will be designed to reflect the characteristics of cladding materials and greenhouses, cultivation types, and the condition of environmental control facilities for customized environmental control. In addition, environmental information obtained from external meteorological data, as well as recommended standards and set points for each growth stage based on experiments and research, will be provided as optimal environmental factors. This simulation can help growers, students, and researchers to understand the ICT technologies and the changes in the greenhouse microclimate according to the growing conditions.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.61-80
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• 2011

This study estimated the prototype of Yangjindang at the time of its foundation by putting together the literature and discovered data and historical research on family related to Sangju Yangjindang, and looked at its architectural characteristics. These are summarized as follows: First, Yangjindang is an office building which was completed in three years [1629] after its start of construction when Keomgan Jojeong was at the age of 72 [1626] in his latter days and it was used for performing ancestral rites for Jojeong's forefathers of the head family of Pungyang Jo by family origin. Yangjindang was founded as a base of utopia for putting ancestral rites & commemoration, harmoniousness of a tribe, and educational idea into practice together with Ojakdang. Such a movement can be judged to interpret and apply the circumstances of the times realistically and flexibly where they tried to pursue the promotion of Confucianism & studies of the proprieties as well as the consciousness of practice, and to bring a tribe into harmony after the war through the retirement of Toegye School. Second, it is located at a topographically ideal spot on the edge of the Jangcheon-a tributary of Nakdong with a good physiology and landscape and its location was also the lot for a house of Jojeong's ancestor, which was burned down by war. Behind such a location and planning of Yangjindang, it is presumed, though not certain that it was modelled after Naeap village at Andong- Jojeong's parents-in-low's home. Third, as for its foundation size, it's a head house as much as about more than 100-kan, and its structure is composed of Samyo, Bonche, and Yangjindang. In addition, arrangements of buildings and its composition system and renovation procedures followed Chu-tzu Garyoe. Composition of Samyo can be restored to Yangjindang, Jugo, Woesammun, and Samyo; however, there has been no case of existence in case of Jugo building composition & arrangement takes on an aspect of a compromise between Gamyojido and Sandangjido of Garoe, which seems to be the result from flexibly interpreting and applying the rituals and studies of the proprieties of Toegye School in keeping with locational topography and realistic circumstances while making it a principle for them to observe by Toegye School. There exists a difference between Bonche and its counterpart of the upper class housing at Sangju district in that Bonche[main building] is a squre-shaped 'Ttuljip' typical of Andong setting a family ancestral ritual as a main function. Fourth, there existed a lot of hardships in raising money to cover repairs in time of doing repairs to this structure after 180 years since its establishment. In case of the repair work on Bonche, the level of renovation was limited to the replacement of old materials for rafters, doorpost, roof members and railings with new materials, together with partial alterations in case of window system. It is estimated that Yangjindang was renovated in 1808, and afterwards it was renamed Okryujeong after being re-built at another site. Through the repairs, the floor was expanded for the clan's meeting, and angle rafters and roof members were mended as well. Especially, the plane and structure of Okryujeong which was re-built at another site are expected to give clues to its restoration due to the resemblance to original appearance of Yangjindang at the time of its renovation in 1808.