• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 1989

The rates for the reaction of substituted 2-phenylethyl tosylates with substituted pyridines were measured in acetonitrile and that of 2-PNS with substituted pyridines were investigated in both acetonitrile and methanol. The substitutent effect was accelerated by an electron-donating substituent on both substrate and nucleophile. Results showed that More O'Ferrall and quantum mechanical model of predicting transition state structure suggest the reaction proceeds via an $S_N2$ mechanism, in which bond-breaking is more advanced than bond-formation. Transition state variation predicted with the quantum mechanical model is consistent with the experimental results, whereas the predictions provided by the More O'Ferrall plots is found to be inconsistent in leaving group. In the reaction of 2-PNS, the rate constants in acetonitrile were larger than that in methanol.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.143-147
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• 2017

Structural studies on the addition characteristics of Nb ions to $BaTiO_3$ solid solutions were performed by XRD and SEM/EDS technique. The X-ray diffraction peaks of the (111), (200) and (002) planes of Nb-doped $BaTiO_3$ solid solutions with different mole% of Nb were analyzed. We also investigated the relationship between the dielectric and structural properties of Nb-doped $BaTiO_3$. The transition temperatures of $BaTiO_3$ solid solution doped with 0.5mole%Nb and 1.0 mole%Nb were ${\sim}116^{\circ}C$ and ${\sim}87^{\circ}C$, respectively, which were found to be shifted to very low temperature from the transition temperature of pure $BaTiO_3$ (about $125^{\circ}C$). As a result of analysis of 1/K versus T and ln[$(1/K)-(1/K_m)$ versus ($T-T_m$)] of the two compositions used in this experiment, the diffusivity slightly differs from that of pure $BaTiO_3$ at temperatures above Curie temperature. And this characteristic was analyzed by applying the modified Curie-Weiss law.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

Method of making For the improved game industry, this society was permitted as an incorporated association for spearhead of game society from Ministry of Culture & Tourism on February 14, 2001 with a sense of duty and a strong will toward a powerful game country. This society has objectives of academic research and distributions on creations of game contents, technologies of game producing and developments of game cultures. We will develop the game culture and industry through an industry-academic cooperations by each expert field, and spread out academic activities for cultivation of policy, technology, education, etc of the game industry in the future.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1305-1310
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• 2007

A conjugated spirocyclic polymer was synthesized via the cyclopolymerization of 1,1-dipropargyl-1- silacyclohexane with various transition metal catalysts. The monomer, 1,1-dipropargyl-1-silacyclohexane was synthesized by Grignard reaction of 1,1-dichloro-1-silacyclohexane with propargyl magnesium bromide. This polymerization proceeded well to give the corresponding poly(1,1-dipropargyl-1-silacyclohexane). The catalytic activity of WCl6 was found to be similar with that of MoCl5. The structure of polymer having the conjugated backbone with silacyclohexane moieties was characterized by such instrumental methods as NMR (1H-, 13C-), IR, and UV-visible spectroscopies. The resulting polymers were mostly yellow or light-brown powders, depending on the catalyst systems used. This polymer was completely soluble in halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons such as chloroform, 1,2-dichloromethane, benzene, toluene, and chlorobenzene, etc. The thermal and oxidative stabilities of polymer were also studied and discussed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Objectives of this study are to investigate transition history of pharmacist license examination in Korea and to compare three suggestions for new examination system proposed by National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board, Korean Association of Pharmacy Education, and Korean Pharmaceutical Association. Future task to help the examination system meet global standard is also discussed. Regulations on the examination system were retrieved from the sources posted in Ministry of Government Legislation homepage. Efforts devoted by the three organizations to make amendment on the regulations were collected from reports, official documents, minutes, and handout materials issued by the organizations. Ministry of Health and Welfare made amendment on the examination system in 2013 by rearranging the existing natural science-based eleven subjects to two subjects along with addition of a new subject named clinical-practical pharmacy. Unfortunately, however, the amendment stipulates that the new subject should include manufacturing and quality control of pharmaceuticals as part of contents in the examination. It is strongly urged that the contents of the examination should focus on professional competency as pharmacist in clinical situation. Future task to make revision on this issue is warranted to help new pharmacist enable to provide pharmaceutical care service to patients.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the interactions of single mothers with health care workers during their transition to motherhood. Method: This qualitative study conducted focus group interviews with 16 single mothers who were identified at four facilities for single mothers and provided written informed consent. from Junre to October 2017. Each focus group session was recorded and transcribed verbatim. Result: Four categories emerged from the data: "trapped behind a will of eyes," "oil on water," "standing naked in a public square," and "Support from being called a mother." Conclusion: The study results showed that health care workers should provide health care service to single mothers with thorough consideration and care. The findings suggest that appropriate education is necessary for health care workers and prospective health care workers who provide maternal and neonatal care to improve the medical services that they provide to single mothers.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.3 s.75
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

This research examined the residents' behavior in using space, focusing on the kitchen area where there was the most change, in order to understand the transition of living culture through the ages. The following findings were obtained: 1) Today's apartment residents prefer 'Island' style which is located a separate counter and work space. Thus the kitchen m is now being recognized as a place spacious, and where the whole family can participate. 2) The usage of the kitchen is not only limited to cooking or keeping household goods but also broadened to washing, private life, happy home circle, inviting guests etc. Especially, family union or inviting guests in the kitchen is more frequent as the houses become larger, private refreshment or reading in the kitchen is proportional to income and to people living in homes where the kitchen and dining room is divided independent 3) Looking at the dietary life styles of today's apartment residents, there are more well-being type and tradition type than prosessed type. This trend is portional to the resident's standard of education and the size of the apartment, thus making a significant influence.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.26-42
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to explore frontline nurses' experience of patient-centered care and understand the factors affecting its implementation in hospitals. Methods: Four focus group interviews were conducted with 30 nurses in two university hospitals. The following theoretical framework of patient-centered care was used: 1) Respect for patients' values, preferences, and expressed needs, 2) Care coordination and integration, 3) Information, communication, and education, 4) Physical comfort, 5) Emotional support and alleviation of fear and anxiety, 6) Involvement of family and friends, 7) Care transition and continuity, and 8) System issues. We performed a directed content analysis. Results: The most frequent patient-centered nursing practices of the hospital nurses were "promoting physical comfort" in inpatient settings and "providing information and communicating" in outpatient settings. The factors influencing patient-centered nursing included the health professionals' mindfulness, work overload and staff shortage, and unreasonable social demands and regulations. Conclusion: A more comprehensive patient-centered nursing practice should be implemented by improving "care transition and continuity," "family/caregiver involvement," and "system building." Health professionals' mindfulness is significant, and organizational supports addressing work overload and staff shortage are needed alongside change in social awareness.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.362-366
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• 1985

The hydrogen atom transfer reaction between substituted methane, $CH_3X,$ and its radical, $CH_2X(X=H,F,CH_3,CN,OH\;and\;NH_2$ was studied by MINDO/3 method. The transition state(TS) structure and energy barriers were determined and variation of the transition state and of the reactivity due to the change of X were analyzed based on the potential energy surface characteristics. It was found that the greater the radical stabilization energy. the looser the TS becomes; the TS occurs at about 15% stretch of the C-H bond, which becomes longer as the radical stabilization energy of $CH_2X$ increasers. The intrinsic barrier, ${\Delta}E*_{x.x},$ of the reaction with X was found to increase in the order $H The degree of bond stretch of the C-H bond stretch of the C-H bond at the TS also had the same order indicating that the homolytic bond cleavage of the C-H bond is rate-determining. Orbital interactions at the TS between LUMO of the fragment $C{\ldots}H{\ldots}C$ and the symmetry adapted pair of nonbonding, $n{\pm}(=n_1{\pm}n_2),$ or pi orbitals of the two X atoms were shown to be the dominant contribution in determining tightness or looseness of the TS. The Marcus equation was shown to apply to the MINDO/3 barriers and energy changes of the reaction.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2021

Relative to the outer surface of the mastic coating, the reliability of the available waterproofing resource is determined by the ability to stabilize the structural characteristics in difficult climatic conditions. Organic components of mastic as a result of solar radiation, elevated temperatures and their alternating change, atmospheric oxidants, especially in industrial areas, have a tendency to self-polymerization and loss of low molecular weight components. This is the gradual loss of deformability and the transition to brittleness with its tendency to crack as the reasons for the gradual transition from normal to emergency operating condition.The presented mechanism of functioning of the coating surface indicates the expediency of increasing its components, able to stabilize the structure and prevent changes in deformability.Durability, hydrophobicity, water displacement, water absorption are accepted as estimating indicators. The main dependences of the influence of the lost additional components of mastic on the operational properties of the formed coating characterize the ability to provide successful resistance to environmental influences and longer stability. As a result, mastic acquires additional service life.