• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the problem of bone health and potential influencing factors of bone mineral density (BMD) for women across the life cycle of menopause. Methods: Complex sampling design data analysis was performed on the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 in order to identify the problems with bone health, BMD and its influencing factors in 3,499 women who answered the menopausal status. Women's life cycle was categorized by premenopausal, postmenopausal, and elderly. Results: 35.1% of premenopausal women, 73.3% of postmenopausal women, and 96.0% of elderly women had problems with bone health that were related to low BMD. Influencing factors of BMD were residential area, alcohol drinking, and body mass index (BMI) for premenopausal women; age, residential area, education, marital status, income, and BMI for postmenopausal women; and age, education, and BMI for elderly women. Conclusion: Problems with bone health required to be considered as a major health problem in all women regardless their life cycle. Interventions to maximize BMD need to be developed by considering its influencingfactors across the women's life cycle.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.306-321
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze difficulties that pre-service elementary teachers experience in investigating the life cycle of a common cabbage butterfly in person. As difficulties they face during the process of this research, they pointed out collecting eggs, observing molting, creating environments for a breeding cage, feeding, building a breeding cage, and making butterfly specimens. Out of all the environmental difficulties related to their school fields, they pointed out a difficulty of time management most of all, followed by placing a breeding cage in the classroom and the lack of microscopes for observation. In regard to difficulties related to their evaluations on students' activities, they found it difficult to evaluate students' activity with the life cycle of an insect in the aspect of knowledge and even to set evaluation criteria. Besides, many of them responded that it would be appropriate to evaluate a research on the life cycle of an insect through a portfolio or an observation journal. In regard to difficulties in terms of teachers' knowledge, they found it difficult to understand insect molting, metamorphoses, complete metamorphoses, incomplete metamorphoses, the structure of an insect body, and how to distinguish a female insect from a male one. In regard to the application of class models, they knew it is important for students to have various experiences through direct observation, so the experience-based learning model was proper for the process of observing the life cycle of a common cabbage butterfly. However, they found it difficult for students to observe each stage of the life cycle in person.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.65-81
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze income and consumption expenditure patterns over the family life cycle. The data used in this study is the 2004 Survey data from the Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey data which are included salary and wage earners' households living in urban areas. The income and expenditure data of 20,383 households are analyzed. The family life cycle is classified into six stages and the items of expenditure are classified into 12 categories. The data are analyzed by descriptive statistics, $X^2$ test, F-test, and Duncan's multiple range test using SAS 8.0 package program. The major findings of this study are as fellows: First, the average monthly family income of the total sample is 3,480,000 won. The proportion of regular and irregular income among the total family income is 95.5% and 4.5% respectively. Second, the amount and ratio of monthly regular income fur each category are significantly different over the family life cycle. Third, the average monthly family expenditure of the total sample is 2,250,000 won. The amount and ratio of monthly expenditure of all items are significantly different over the family life cycle. The highest expenditure item is the traffic expanse and phone charge.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.104-119
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• 2022

Life safety awareness level diagnosis is necessary for customized safety education and continuous safety awareness. As the starting stage of safety education for each life cycle, a scale that has verified the reliability and validity of high school students' life safety awareness has not yet been developed. In this context, the purpose of this study is to develop and validate the life safety awareness scale of high school students and to analyze interindividual differences. Questionnaire data was collected from April to June 2022 from 834 students in the first, second, and third grades of high schools in △△ city in Jeollabuk-do. A final 25-item scale was developed using the preliminary survey, preliminary test, the main test, descriptive statistical analysis, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. This scale consists of four sub-factors: 'safety prevention', 'safety knowledge', 'safety preparation', and 'safety protection'. Good reliability and validity were verified by analysis of content validity and construct validity. The generalizability of the scale was verified by crossover validation between the search group and the crossover group. Based on the interindividual differences analysis, although there was a difference between genders in life safety awareness, there was no difference by grade level and academic achievement. This study is significant in developing the first valid scale that can measure high school students' life safety awareness and providing the necessity and rationale for life safety education by life cycle considering individual gender differences.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.77-90
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the attitudes of parents on home education and soundness of home life. The samples were composed of 629 home educators selected by family life cycle and local distribution. Consequently the findings of this study were that self-confident attitudes on home education have a significant effect on soundness of home life. Also soundness of home life depend on fathers participation in home education.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2019

본 연구는 초 중등 분야에서 교육용 디지털 콘텐츠의 질 관리 및 효율적인 콘텐츠 관리를 위하여 수명주기 체계에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 에듀넷 사례를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, 에듀넷 선도교사를 대상으로 콘텐츠의 활용 주기, 업데이트 주기 등 수명주기에 대한 요구사항을 실시하고 이를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 교육용 콘텐츠의 생성 목적이 교과인지 비교과인지 여부와 주제/교육 방향과 교수 학습 등 교육 환경의 지속적인 변화를 반영하여 기존에 서비스하고 있는 콘텐츠를 재평가할 수 있는 명확한 수명주기 체제를 구축하여 교육용 콘텐츠의 품질관리가 필요함을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 초 중등 분야에서 디지털 콘텐츠를 제공하고 있는 기관에서 사용자 친화적인 서비스 구성을 위해 사용자의 요구사항이 무엇인지를 파악하고 수명주기 기반의 콘텐츠 관리 체계를 마련할 필요성을 제시하였다는 데 의의가 있다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to examine the relationship among the planning implementing and satisfaction on home education and the soundness of home life. The samples were composed of 629 parents(home educators) selected by family life cycle and local distribution. Consequently the findings of this study were that planning have a significant effect on implementing on home education. Also implementing have a more significant effect on soundness of home life than satisfaction on home education.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2013

본 논문의 목적은 4학년 과학 식물의 한살이 단원의 교육용 어플리케이션을 현재 교육과정에 기반을 두고 설계 및 구현하여, 교사가 수업과 과제활동에 직접적으로 편리하게 활용하고, 4학년 학생들의 식물 학습에 실질적인 도움을 주고자 하는 것이다. 이 어플리케이션을 활용하여 교사는 식물의 한살이 단원에서 오프라인 수업과 모바일 학습을 결합한 블렌디드 학습을 구현할 수 있고, 이를 통하여 학생들은 학교에서 배운 내용을 언제, 어디서든 복습하고, 어플리케이션을 이용하여 과제활동을 수행할 수 있다. 이와 같은 학습 방법은 학생들의 학습 동기를 증가시키고, 학습의 재미를 더하여 식물의 한살이 단원의 학습효과를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.135-152
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• 2003

This study examined which factors influence educational expenditure by family life cycle. Data for this study were from the 2001 Household Income and Expenditure Survey and consisted of a sample of 2,681 households. The results showed that the households having high school students had the highest educational expenditure and the households having middle school students had the highest ratio of educational expenditure to consumption expenditure. The education of household head, family type, the number of children, the age of the youngest child, and family income had significant effect on educational expenditure in all the stages of family life cycle. The results of this study will be useful for financial management of households and give suggestions for the government policy on education.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.472-478
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• 2022

Solar energy harvesting is practiced by various nations for the purpose of energy security and environment preservation in order to reduce overdependence on oil. Converting solar energy into electrical energy through Photovoltaic (PV) module can take place either in on-grid or off-grid applications. In recent time Lithium battery is exhibiting its presence in on-grid applications but its role in off-grid application is rarely discussed in the literature. The preliminary capacity and Peukert's study indicated that the battery quality is good and can be subjected for life cycle test. The capacity of the battery was 10.82 Ah at 1 A discharge current and the slope of 1.0117 in the Peukert's study indicated the reaction is very fast and independent on rate of discharge. In this study Lithium Iron Phosphate battery (LFP) after initial characterization was subjected to life cycle test which is specific to solar off-grid application as defined in IEC standard. The battery has delivered just 6 endurance units at room temperature before its capacity reached 75% of rated value. The low life of LFP battery in off-grid application is discussed based on State of Charge (SOC) operating window. The battery was operated both in high and low SOC's in off-grid application and both are detrimental to life of lithium battery. High SOC operation resulted in cell-to-cell variation and low SOC operation resulted in lithium plating on negative electrode. It is suggested that to make it more suitable for off-grid applications the battery by default has to be overdesigned by nearly 40% of its rated capacity.