• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.119-141
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• 2000

The current industrial health service is shifting to health improvement business with 1st primary prevention-focused service from secondary and tertiary prevention-focused business, and Oriental medicine can provide such primary prevention-focused service due to the characteristics of its science. In particular, the advanced concept of health improvement can match the science of health care of Oriental medicine. Notably, what is most important in health improvement is our lifestyle, This does not underestimate the socio-environmental factors, which have lessened their importance due to modernism. The approach of Oriental medicine weighs more individuals' lifestyle and health care through self-cultivation. This matches the new model of advanced health business. Oriental medicine is less systemized than Western medicine, but it can provide ample contents that enhance health. If we conceive health-improvement program based on the advantages provided by these two medical systems, this will influence workers to the benefit of their health. Also, health Program needs to define factors that determine individual lives, and to provide information and technologies essential to our lives. The Oriental medicine approach puts more stress on a subject's capabilities than it does on the effect his surrounding environment can have. This needs to be supported theoretically by not only defining the relations between an individual's health state and his lifestyle, but also identifying the degree to which an individual in the industrial work place practices health improvement lifestyle . This is the first step toward initiating health-improvement business . In order to do this, this researcher conducted a survey by taking random samplings from workers, and can draw the following conclusions from it. 1 The sampled group is categorized into', by sender, female 6.6%, and male 93.4%, with males dominant; by marriage status , unmarried 43.9% and married 55.6%, with both similar percentage, and, by age, below 30, 48.4%, between 30 and 39, 27.4%, between 40 and 49, 18.2%, and over 50, 6.0%. The group further is categorized into; by education, middle school or under 1.7%, high school 30.5%, and junior college or higher 65.8% with high school and higher dominant: and by income, below 1.7 million won 24.2%, below 2.4 million won 14.8%, and above 2.4 million 6.3% Still, the group by job is categorized into collegians with 23.9%, office worker with 10.3%, and professionals with 65.8% , and this group does not include workers engaged in production that are needed for this research, but mostly office workers . 2. The subjects selected for this survey show their degree of practicing health-improvement lifestyle at an average of 2.63, health management pattern at 2.64, and health-related awareness at 2.62 The sub-divisions of health-improvement lifestyle show social emotion (2.87), food (2.66). favorite food (2.59), and leisure activities (2.52), in this order for higher points. It further shows health awareness (2.47) and safety awareness (2.40), lower points than those in health management pattern . 3. In the area of using leisure time for health-improvement, males, older people, married, and people with higher income earn higher marks. And, in the area of food management, the older and married earn higher marks . In the area of favorite food management, females, lower-income bracket, and lower-educated show higher degree of practice , while in the area of social emotion management, the older. married, and higher-income bracket show higher marks. In addition, in the area of health awareness, the older, married, and people with higher-income show higher degree of practice. 4. To look at correlation by overall and divisional health-improvement practice degree , this researcher has analyzed the data using Person's correlation coefficient. The lifestyle shows significant correlation with its six sub-divisions, and use of leisure time, food, and health awareness all show significant correlation with their sub-divisions. And. the social emotion and safety awareness show significant correlation with all sub-divisions except favorite food management.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1999

목적 : 현대는 의료의 결정단계에 있어서 환자들의 보다 적극적인 참여요구와 자신의 삶에 관한 모든 것을 조절하고 결정한다는 개인의 권리에 대한 주장이 강조되고 있다. 특히 말기 질환에 대해서는 다양한 윤리 문제들이 사회적 관심의 초점이 되고 있다. 이에 저자는 임종진료에 대한 대학생들의 태도와 의사 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인 등을 분석함으로서 말기환자 관리에 도움이 되고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1997년 6월 소극적 안락사에 대한 찬반여부, 호스피스에 대한 인식도, 임종에 대한 견해 등을 대학생 450명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고 337명(74.9%)이 설문에 응했다. 결과 : 수동적 안락사를 찬성한 대학생은 213명(63.2%)이 찬성하였다. 종교가 없는 대학생에서 안락사 찬성률이 높았다(70.5% 대 56.9%, P<0.05). 호스피스를 정확히 이해하고 있었던 대학생은 48명(14.2%)에 불과했다. 호스피스를 알게된 경로로는 텔레비전 43%, 책 33.5%, 종교단체 12% 등의 순이었다. 임종장소로는 76.5%가 집을 선호했고, 임종시 배우자가 같이 있어주기를 원했으며(51.6%), 미지의 세계에 대한 두려움이 가장 컸다(41.5%). 결론 : 안락사에 관해서는 약 2/3가 찬성하였으며 호스피스에 대한 인식도는 낮았다. 죽음을 앞둔 말기환자가 남은 여생동안 인간으로서의 존엄성과 높은 삶의 질을 유지하면서 삶의 마지막 수간을 평안하게 맞이하도록 도와주는 호스피스에 대한 지속적이고 적극적인 홍보와 호스피스병원과 병상확보 등 조직적이고 체계적인 노력이 필요하다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제4호
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• pp.145-180
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• 2006

In Korea, nation and nationalism are undeniable justice, absolute virtue and moreover system of desire. From the late Chosun Dynasty when the Korean Peninsula had to survive from the critical situation of being the arena of competition, and through the colonial period under Japanese imperialism, nationalism became stronger as a logic of survival. The policy of seclusion under closed and exclusive nationalism that didn't recognize the world situation well enough, eventually gave more pain to the nation. Nationalism in colonial Korea which was as reformed nationalism and on the other hand, as intransigent, resisting nationalism. Since the purpose of this writing is not for clarifying the argument raised on Korean nationalism, there is no use mentioning how it went with the change of time. But we have to focus on the fact that the word 'nation' which appeared under the influence of popular revolution and capitalism meaning 'a group of people', was translated and understood as a racial concept for strengthening the unity of 'single-race nation with five thousand years' history. First of all, there is nationalism used to fortify the system. 'The Charter of National Education' and 'The Pledge of Allegiance' were ornaments to intensify the ruling ideology and dictatorship to militarize entire South Korea for 'settling Korean democracy' professed nationalism. Also, another ruling ideology armed with 'self-reliance' put North Korea into the state of hypnosis called nationalism. Nationalism, claiming 'nation' outwardly, but in reality, being an illuminating, instructing ideology isolating each other was indeed a body with two faces. This made 'nation' in Korea mysterious and objective through work such as. The statue commemorating patriotic forefathers' and picture of national records' in South Korea art. Nationalism used to strengthening the system encountered the magical 'single-race' and made 'ghost' being an extreme exclusion to other nations. We can find pedigreed pureness not allowing any mixed breeds from the attitude accepting western art -via Japan or directly- and making it vague by using the word Korean and Asia. There's nationalism as a resistant ideology to solidify the system on the other side. It came out as a way of survival among the Great Power and grew with the task of national liberation to became as a powerful force facing against the dictatorship dominating South Korea after the liberation. This discussion of nationalism as a resistance ideology was active in 1980s. In 1980, democracy movement against the dictatorship of 5th Republic originated from military power which came out suppressing the democratic movement in Gwangju, spread out from the intellects and the students to the labors, farmers and the civilians. It is well known that the 'Nation-People(Minjoong)'s Art Movement could come out under this social condition. Our attitude toward nationalism is still dual in this opening part of 21st century. On one hand, they are opposing to the ultra-nationalism but are not able to separate it from nationalism, and on the other, they have much confusion using it. In fact, in a single-race nation like Korea, the situation of being nationalism and jus sanguinis together can cause dual nationalism. Though nationalism is included in the globalization order, it is evidence that it's effective in Korea where there are still modern fetters like division and separation. In particular, in the world where Japan makes East Asia Coalition but exposed in front of nationalism, and China not being free from Sinocentrism, and American nationalism taking the world order, and Russia fortifying nationalism suppressing the minority race after the dissolution of socialism, Korean nationalism is at the point to find an alternative plan superior to the ruling and resisting ideology.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권30호
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• pp.169-199
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• 2013

만화에서의 다양한 연출은 웹툰의 대중화와 함께 세로 스크롤 연출이 기존의 출판만화의 페이지 연출과 대립하는 양상을 보이며 새로운 장르를 구축해냈다. 많은 출판만화의 연구가 페이지를 위시한 컷 연출에 초점을 두고 있지만, 웹툰에는 페이지의 개념이 없다. 대중 지향의 만화는 시대의 변화에 따라 구심점이 지면에서 컴퓨터 모니터로 옮겨가며 매체의 특성 또한 달라졌으며, 매체는 점점 다원화되고 있다. 스마트폰의 유행으로 인한 모바일의 강세, 공교육에서의 태블릿 PC의 보급화 전망과 같이, 만화는 급변하는 매체환경에 속해있다. 이러한 상황에서도 만화의 변하지 않는 중요한 정체성중의 하나를 꼽자면 그림과 텍스트의 조합이 만들어 내는 연출이다. 이 논문에서는 허영만의 작품을 중심으로 만화 의태어인 효과태가 가진 상징어적인 특성과 효용가치를 분석하였다. 효과태는 단지 소리뿐만이 아니라 모양, 느낌, 상태 등을 전달하며 문학적 상상구조를 발동시킴으로써 함축적 특성을 가진다. 현대국어의 장점인 다양한 언어 표현과 자모체계는 미세한 어감과 정서의 차이점을 느끼게 해주며 직접 경험과 간접 경험을 통한 기억을 떠올려서 뉘앙스화하기 때문이다. 이러한 특징들로 인해서 허영만의 대표작들은 상업성과 작가성을 동시에 지니고 오랜 세월동안 대중과의 소통을 해왔으며 한국적인 만화의 소양을 풍부하게 가지고 있다. 허영만의 만화에 나타난 효과태의 특징은 만화의 표현과 전달에 있어서 일반적인 기대 이상으로 효과태가 미치는 영향이 크다는 것을 알 수가 있다. 피수용자인 독자는 그림과 글 사이에서 적극적으로 지적인 추리를 하면서 그 과정 자체를 즐기며, 그러한 과정에 대사 텍스트 이상으로 상상력을 자극하는 장치가 효과태이며, 효과태는 상징적 구조를 장점으로 하는 독자의 능동적 참여 장치이다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.247-275
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to offer the results of content analysis and qualitative study that explored the perceptions about quality nursing care of patients and families as consumers and to identify the implications of this study for quality nursing care management and research. The data was collected from 12 adult patients and 9 families who were admmitted at medical and surgical nursing unit of one university hospital in Seoul from October, 1996 to January, 1997. Research participants were asked to response "what do you think quality nursing care?" and similar questions during the interviews was performed. Data were analyzed using open coding and content analysis with frequencies and percents of attributes of quality nursing care. Attributes of quality nursing care and meaning of quality nursing care that patients and families perceived were explored. 1. The attributes of quality nursing care that patient and families perceived were categorized into 56 attributes. The highest response rate among the attributes was 'one's heart at ease' (76.2%), and the next high response rates were ranked in order 'consideration' , 'care about' (each 61.9% 'expert skill' (57.1%), 'deal with problem promptly' , 'information offer' (42.9%), 'intimate feeling' (38.1%), 'smile' 'service spirit' , 'do one's best' (each 33.3%), 'frequent visit' (23.8%), 'observe the time' (23.8%), 'direct nursing care' , 'speaking warmly' , give a hope' , 'address kindly' , 'a sense of duty' , 'good facilities' (each 19.0%), 'inquire after a patient health' , 'patient-centered nursing care' , 'showing an example' , 'professional knowledge' , 'careless moraly patient' , 'give encourage to patients' , 'good answer a question' (each 14.3%), 'do not imprudently' , 'do not disregard' , 'broad knowledge' , 'emergency treatment skill' , 'dependability' ,'consolation' giving a sense of security' , 'a self sacrificing spirit' , 'a sense of responsibility' 'hard - working', 'enough disposition of nursing staff (each 9.5%), 'improve patient's pride' and the rest attributes exhibited 4.7%, respectively. 2. The attributes that were identified in patients' data only were 8 categories, 'service sprit' (58.3 %) 'expert knowledge' , 'good answer a question' (each 25.0%), 'hard working' (16.7%), 'a warm character', 'professional attainments', 'do without reserve', 'satisfaction' (each 8.3%), 3. The attributes were identified to families' data only were 31 categories, 'speaking warmly' , 'direct nursing care', 'adress kindly', 'patientcentered nursing care', 'showing an example' (each 33.3%). 'do not imprudently' , 'do not disregard' , 'consolation', 'giving a sense of security', 'broad knowledge' , 'emergency treatment skill', 'dependability' ,'a self - sacrificing spirit', 'a sense of responsibility' (each 22.2%), 'improve patient's pride' , 'without discrimination' , 'show kindness' , 'individual nursing care', 'being with patient' , 'helping' , 'accuracy' , 'without any mistake' , 'love' , 'self - confidence', 'self possession', 'a self - denying spirit' , 'a sense of duty' , 'tighten discipline' , 'disposed room with similar patient to diagnosis', 'compensatory relationship between me dical team' , 'role of connection' (each 11.1 %). 4. The attributes of quality nursing care were integrated into 11 categories that they were 'patientcentered nursing care' (25.1%), 'expertise' (22.1%), 'caring'(18.1%), 'kindness'(11.1%L 'nurse attainments(10.1%), 'sincerity' (7.5%), 'good environment' (2.0%), 'effective organizational management', 'coordination', 'enough nursing staff' ( each 1.0%), 'satisfaction' (0.5%) were showed in the order of the highest rate. 5. The concept of quality nursing care were defined as 'give a satisfaction to patients by patientcentered care based on professional skill and caring with kindness and sincerity'. The description of the meaning of quality nursing care provided by this research participants, patients and families can provide important information for quality nursing care management, medical marketing, education and researches of this field. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made: to suggest to utilize this results for patient care in practice setting, development of quality assessment tool in nursing care, repeat study by the same subjects and method, and to a comparative study by the same method to nurse.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.223-249
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• 2005

1990년대 후반 경제위기를 경험하며, 우리나라에서 실업의 문제에 대한 사회적 관심과 더불어 실업자의 재취업 가능성에 대한 연구가 지속되고 있다. 재취업과 관련된 기존의 연구들은 인적자본이론을 토대로 연구를 진행해 왔는데, 본 연구는 기존의 연구와는 다르게 Sen에 의해 제시된 인간능력관점을 기초로 하면서 이러한 요인의 실업자 재취업에의 영향력을 인적자본론 요인과 비교론적 차원에서 분석을 시도해 보았다. 아울러, 본 연구는 인간능력관점에서 논하는 사회적 능력 요인 중 핵심적 요인으로 간주되는 성별 차이라는 요인에 주목하면서 성별에 따라 인적자본요인과 인간능력요인이 재취업에 어떠한 영향을 주는가를 비교 검토하였다. 본 연구는 한국노동패널 5차년도 자료 중 연구목적에 적합한 1,871사례를 대상으로 선정하여 재취업의 위험도를 콕스회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 학력, 기술수준 적합도, 근속기간 등의 인적자본이론 요인들은 기대와는 다르게 재취업의 가능성에 부적인 영향을 갖는 것으로 나타난 반면, 기초교육능력, 의료보험가입과 사회보험수혜 및 수도권거주여부 등의 인간능력요인들은 기대한 바에 일치하며 재취업에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 분석결과를 보면, 성별에 따라 각 요인들이 상이하게 재취업에 영향을 주는데 그러한 경향성이 인간능력요인에서 더욱 부각되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 재취업에 있어서 인적자본관점에서 제시되는 요인들에 대한 고려도 중요하지만, 동시에 인간능력관점에서 강조하는 사회 제도적 요인이 역시 매우 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 시사해 준다. 그리고 성별에 따른 비교연구 결과는 재취업 현상에 대해서 인간능력관점과 더불어 성분절적 노동시장구조에 대한 관점과 함께 이에 대해서 다양한 접근이 필요함을 시사해 준다. 본 연구는 기존 연구에서 실증적으로는 주로 국가단위에서 분석되었던 인간능력관점을 개인단위차원에서 분석하면서 재취업에의 영향력을 다각적인 시각에서 검증하여 인간능력개발과 관련된 사회복지적 개입의 의미를 제고시킨다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 갖는다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.360-375
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• 2012

이 연구의 목적은 10학년 학생들의 공간능력의 차이에 따라 판의 운동과 관련된 개념 이해가 어떻게 다른지 알아보는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 공간능력과 판의 운동 관련 개념 검사 도구를 선정 개발하였다. 공간능력 검사는 KTC에서 개발한 적성종합 검사지 20문항을 사용하였다. 또 다른 검사지는 판의 운동과 관련된 개념을 묻는 것으로 총 10문항으로 구성되었다. 검사지들은 광역시 소재 10학년 학생 118명에게 투입하여 상관관계를 분석하였고, 공간능력 검사점수를 통해 공간능력이 높은 집단과 낮은 집단으로 구분하여 두 집단 간의 판의 운동 관련 개념 이해 정도 차이를 분석하였다. 또한 공간능력 점수가 높은 학생 3명과 낮은 학생 3명을 표집하여 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공간능력 점수와 판의 운동 개념 성취도의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 상관계수 r=0.439 (p<.01)로 둘 사이에는 보통 수준의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 공간능력 검사 점수에 따라 상 하 두 집단으로 구분하여 두 집단 간의 판의 운동 관련 개념 성취도에 차이가 있는지를 알아보기 위해 t-검정을 실시한 결과, 두 집단 사이에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 공간능력 차이에 따른 판의 운동과 관련된 개념 이해를 조사하기 위해 공간능력 점수 상 하 두 집단에서 각각 3명씩 표집하여 면담을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 공간능력 점수에 관계없이 바르게 이해하고 있는 개념, 공간능력 점수에 관계없이 잘못 이해하고 있는 개념, 공간능력에 따라 이해 정도가 다른 개념으로 나누어 볼 수 있었다. 면담 학생 대부분이 해구와 해령, 맨틀의 상승과 하강 지역, 발산 수렴 경계에 대해 알고 있었다. 해구와 해령의 단면 모습에 대해서는 대부분 학생이 오개념을 가지고 있었다. 이에 반해 판의 생성과 소멸과정, 판 경계에서 일어나는 지각변동, 해저확장에 관한 내용에 대해서는 공간능력 점수가 높은 학생들은 대부분 바르게 이해하고 있었고, 공간능력이 낮은 학생들은 많은 오개념이 있음이 확인되었다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제7호
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• pp.37-64
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• 2009

The theories of Korean Public Art originated by the artists who were against dictatorship and they associated with democratic politicians. They criticized the Fine art that were supported by the dictatorship and gave their efforts for restoration of 'resistance paintings(against dictatorship)', 'proletarian painting', 'realism painting'. In addition, they participated new social ideology(democracy) movement and demonstrated for their rights in arts. These became the main kernel the public art theory was initiated. The public artists splitted into several different parts and participated in the democratic social movement as well as the art movement for freedom. They opened various art exhibitions within different genre, diverse space for various art section such as an exhibition hall, a factories, a university, or a congregation square. Furthermore, the public art theorists published their divergent views through newspaper/broadcasting or unauthorized printed materials. Most of the public artist and the theorists kept their relationship strongly until 1985, the time when 'National Arts Association' started. In 1983 and 1984, they were clearly separated into two parts; artists(move only in art museums) and activists(move in public spaces like school, convention square etc). Their ideological separation also took out national problems. The division; professional artists and armatures, became the social issue as a social stratification matter. And in creating method, there are also other conflicts; critical realism, and public realism as well as western painting and traditional one. These kinds of separation and conflicts made different Public artists associations, under divergent names; 'Reality and Speak'(R&S), 'KwangJu Art Association', 'Durung', 'Dang(Land)', and 'Local Youth Students Association'. In addition, their ideology and pursuit toward art movements were very difference. However, the differences and conflicts weakened When the oppression of democratic education from new dictatorship(Pres. Jun, Doo Hwan) came out. In August. 1985 the government opened to the public so called, 'The draft of School stabilization law'(Hankwon Anjung Bup) to control the teachers' rights and that initiated bigger street demonstration and conflicts between police and educators. In November.1985, assembly meeting of National Arts Association in democracy opened as 'ONE' combined organization. In this presentation, I'd like to summarize the stream of art movement until 1984, and clarify the main art theories that lead the Public Art Movements in 1980s. The main theories in 1980s are crucial because they become the origin of public art theories. This presentation started with O,youn's "Hyunsil Dong In the first declaration" and explained the absent of practice in 1970s. In addition, Won, Dong Suk 's theory was mentioned as all over struggles in theories before 1980s. GA and R&S 's founding declarations in 1970s were the start of public art theorists' activities and this article reported the activities after the declarations. First, realism base on the consciousness of reality. Second, practice art democratization based on the ideology. Third, the subject of public art movement based on understanding people's social stratification structure. Fourth, the matters of national forms and creative ways in arts based on showing reality. Fifth, the strong points in arts that the practitioners accepted. About the public art theories around 1984, I discussed the dividing point of public art theories that were shown in 'generation theory', 'organization theory', and 'popularization theory' by the practitioners. The public realism theory that subjects the contradiction of reality and point out the limits of critical realism not only showing the new creative ways but also giving the feeling of solidarity to the public art activist groups. After that, public art movements expressed 'Dismentlement of Capitalism' and 'Public revolution'. In addition, the direction of public art movements were established strongly. There were various opinions and views during the start and formation of the public art theories. The foundation of theorists activities derived from the practitioners who had the concept based on stratification and nationalism. The strong trend of group division spreaded out by practitioners who opened art work together in factories, universities, squares and rural areas. Now many lively active practitioners are gone to the other field not related with arts, and others join into professional art field not public art one with unknown reason. The theorists have the same situation with the practitioners. It means to me that theory always have to be based on the practice.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.411-422
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is twofold : (i) to investigate how much effort the married couples are making for the good health of both the pregnant woman and her unborn child from the time of their marriage to and during the period of conception : and (ii) to comprehensive investigate socio-cultural back-grounds which affect prenatal effort. Result of this study provide a basis for the prenatal care program which will be appropriate to our culture. This study has been done by the ethnographic research method. The subjects of this study are 53 people in all consisting of 33 pregnant women and 20 husbands. In order to investigate socio-cultural factors which influence Taegyo, producers of Taegyo music were interviewed. In addition the researcher surveyed the markets of Taegyo music, participated in special courses of prenatal education, analyzed the content of the books and periodicals dealing with Taegyo, and collected the concept of Taegyo distributed by the mass media. The full-fledged study continued for eight months from February to August.1996. The data were analyzed as soon as they were collected. Spradly's(1979, 1980) developmental, sequential method of domain analysis. taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and theme analysis in this order was adopted as the procedure of analyzing the data. To obtain the exactness of study, Sandelowski's (1986) four criteria, that is, Credibility, Fittingness, Auditability, and Confirmability were applied to all stages of data collection, data analysis, the interpretation of the result, and the description of the result. The following are the result : 1. The couples' Taegyo at the stage of preconception was related to their physical, psychological, spiritual conditions under which a healthy baby will be born. Specific methods they prefer are : "the choice of one's spouse." "physical check-up," "physical good health, " "praying, " and so on. 2. When the marriod couple have sex in order to conceive, their Taegyo was related to the imposition of their physical, psychological, and environmental conditions. Specific methods they prefer are : "having sex at specific time, " "having sex in nice place." "to purify their minds while having sex," and so on. 3. The married couples' Taegyo while they are in pregnancy was related to the imposition of their physical. psychological, emotionmental. environmental, social and spiritual conditions. Specific methods they prefer are : "listening to music. " "reading," "looking at beautiful things only," "to avoid looking at or listening to bad things." "to eat food in good shape, " "to avoid drugs," "eating Korean herbal medicine." "sexual abstinence," "to avoid dangerous places," "to keep emotional tranquility," "moderate exercises and rest." "leading a pure life." "praying." "being aware of their words and behavior." "for the couple to keep a good relationship." "interaction with their unborn child," "to support Taegyo for pregnant women," and so on. 4. The married couple put Taegyo into practice on the basis of the following principles : the principle of respecting an unborn child, the principle of forming a good disposition. the principle of top-down parental love, the principle of synergy between a pregnant woman and her unborn child, the principle of expecting a good child, the principle of forming a good habit, and the principle of acquiring a parental role. 5. The practice of Taegyo is influenced by such factors as the married couple, the supporting system, and the mass media. As the husband -and-wife factor, their information of Taegyo, the degree of importance is assigned to their characters, their time to spare, their healthiness, the age of pregnant woman, their conception plan, their religion, their belief of the Taegyo effects, and the birth of a baby in this order. The factor of the supporting system consists of her husband's support, her family support, and her neighbor's support. The mass media factors include the broadcasting media, books specialized in Taegyo, periodicals for pregnant women, booklets for advertizing powdered milk, Taegyo music of record manufacturing companies, and the teaching materials for gifted children. Among these the mass media is especially taking advantage of Taegyo as its main source of economic profits are leading the public behavior pattern to a prodigal one. Taegyo is a self-control behavior which requires practice for the following : the physical and psychological good health of the pregnant woman and her unborn child, the development of the unborn child's good character, the development of the unborn child's intelligence and talents, the expectation of the unborn child's good features. shape a good habit, the expectation of the unborn child's bright future, and the learning of a parental role, the expectation of male birth. Above all it is a type of our good cultural tradition which pursues a value higher than the one that the prenatal care does. The principles of pregnancy care inherent in the habit of Taegyo will provide us a guideline for the development of the prenatal care.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.123-137
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• 2007

The advent of the Internet and related Web technologies has created an easily accessible link between a firm and its customers, and has provided opportunities to a firm to use information technology to support supplementary after-sale services associated with a product or service. It has been widely recognized that supplementary services are an important source of customer value and of competitive advantage as the characteristics of the product itself. Many of these supplementary services are information-based and need not be co-located with the product, so more and more companies are delivering these services electronically. Net-based customer service, which is defined as an Internet-based computerized information system that delivers services to a customer, therefore, is the core infrastructure for supplementary service provision. The importance of net-based customer service in delivering supplementary after-sale services associated with product has been well documented. The strategic advantages of well-implemented net-based customer service are enhanced customer loyalty and higher lock-in of customers, and a resulting reduction in competition and the consequent increase in profits. However, not all customers utilize such net-based customer service. The digital divide is the phenomenon in our society that captures the observation that not all customers have equal access to computers. Socioeconomic factors such as race, gender, and education level are strongly related to Internet accessibility and ability to use. This is due to the differences in the ability to bear the cost of a computer, and the differences in self-efficacy in the use of a technology, among other reasons. This concept, applied to e-commerce, has been called the "e-commerce divide." High Internet penetration is not eradicating the digital divide and e-commerce divide as one would hope. Besides, to accommodate personalized support, a customer must often provide personal information to the firm. This personal information includes not only name and address, but also preferences information and perhaps valuation information. However, many recent studies show that consumers may not be willing to share information about themselves due to concerns about privacy online. Due to the e-commerce divide, and due to privacy and security concerns of the customer for sharing personal information with firms, limited numbers of customers adopt net-based customer service. The limited level of customer adoption of net-based customer service affects the firm profits and the customers' welfare. We use a game-theoretic model in which we model the net-based customer service system as a mechanism to enhance customers' loyalty. We model a market entry scenario where a firm (the incumbent) uses the net-based customer service system in inducing loyalty in its customer base. The firm sells one product through the traditional retailing channels and at a price set for these channels. Another firm (the entrant) enters the market, and having observed the price of the incumbent firm (and after deducing the loyalty levels in the customer base), chooses its price. The profits of the firms and the surplus of the two customers segments (the segment that utilizes net-based customer service and the segment that does not) are analyzed in the Stackelberg leader-follower model of competition between the firms. We find that an increase in adoption of net-based customer service by the customer base is not always desirable for firms. With low effectiveness in enhancing customer loyalty, firms prefer a high level of customer adoption of net-based customer service, because an increase in adoption rate decreases competition and increases profits. A firm in an industry where net-based customer service is highly effective loyalty mechanism, on the other hand, prefers a low level of adoption by customers.