• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.135-156
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• 2010

In the 1640's and 1650's, Milton wrote many prose works on a variety of topics such as education, church polity, divorce, censorship, regicide, tithing, civil liberty, and blindness. Much of his prose shows us turbulent decades of English history. In this period, he also published his first collection of poems and wrote sonnets. He wrote 23 sonnets in his life, and many sonnets Milton wrote after he had become Latin secretary are occasional poems in historical time. Milton's sonnets, as Annabel Patterson says, are a marker in his personal development, in his life, in his career as a writer, and in the history of his time. Four sonnets (15, 16, 17, 23), written between 1648 and 1655, were not published in the collected edition of Milton's poem in 1673. These sonnets, addressed to leaders of the Parliamentary party during the English revolution, Thomas Fairfax, Oliver Cromwell, and Henry Vane, and to his friend Cyriack Skinner, have been known as "commonwealth" sonnets. They are also called as "heroic sonnets" because they have the common style and theme with his later heroic epic poems. These sonnets were finally published in 1694 by Milton's nephew John Phillips. Milton was interested in religious, domestic, and political liberty for his lifetime, and his heroic sonnets also deal with these ideas of liberty. Milton asks civil liberty from Fairfax, freedom in religion from Cromwell, and from Vane for the reconciliation of both. The aim of this article is to examine how the rhetorical strategies of his "left-handed" prose interact with those of his "right-handed" poetry. This paper explores the relationship between Milton's heroic sonnets and his prose works, such as The Second Defense of the People of England, A Treatise of Civil Power, and The Likeliest Means to Remove Hirelings. Milton deals with the critical issues of religious tolerance, the separation of church and state, liberty of conscience and defense of his blindness, and attempts to define the statesman's role in peacetime England in these heroic sonnets and prose works.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_2
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• pp.743-754
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• 2023

The global occurrence of myriad natural disasters and incidents, catalyzed by climate change and extreme meteorological conditions, has engendered substantial human and material losses. International organizations such as the International Charter have established an enduring collaborative framework for real-time coordination to provide high-resolution satellite imagery and geospatial information. These resources are instrumental in the management of large-scale disaster scenarios and the expeditious execution of recovery operations. At the national level, the operational deployment of advanced National Earth Observation Satellites, controlled by National Geographic Information Institute, has not only catalyzed the advancement of geospatial data but has also contributed to the provisioning of damage analysis data for significant domestic and international disaster events. This special edition of the National Disaster Management Research Institute delineates the contemporary landscape of major disaster incidents in the year 2023 and elucidates the strategic blueprint of the government's national disaster safety system reform. Additionally, it encapsulates the most recent research accomplishments in the domains of artificial satellite systems, information and communication technology, and spatial information utilization, which are paramount in the institution's disaster situation management and analysis efforts. Furthermore, the publication encompasses the most recent research findings relevant to data collection, processing, and analysis pertaining to disaster cause and damage extent. These findings are especially pertinent to the institute's on-site investigation initiatives and are informed by cutting-edge technologies, including drone-based mapping and LiDAR observation, as evidenced by a case study involving the 2023 landslide damage resulting from concentrated heavy rainfall.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.472-477
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• 2009

This study was conducted to reclassify Bugog series based on the second edition of Soil Taxonomy : A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. Morphological properties of typifying pedon of Bugog series were investigated and physico-chemical properties were analyzed according to Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. The typifying pedon of Bugog series has strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) loam Ap horizon (0~22 cm), brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam BAt horizon (22~41 cm), strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silty clay loam Bt1 horizon (41~59 cm), strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silty clay loam Bt2 horizon (59~78 cm), brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam Btx1 horizon(78~90 cm), and brown (7.5YR 4/4) Btx2 horizon(90~160 cm). That occurs on swale foot slope in area of mainly granite gneiss, granite, and schist rock materials. The typifying pedon has an argillic horizon from a depth of 22 to more than 160 cm and a base saturation (sum of cations) of less than 35% at 75 cm below the upper boundary of the fragipan. That can be classified as Ultisol, not as Alfisol. The pedon has udic soil moisture regime, and can be classified as Udult. That has a fragipan with an upper boundary within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface, and keys out as Fragiudult. Also that meets the requirements of Typic Fragiudult. That has 18% to 35% clay at the particle-size control section, and has mesic soil temperature regime. Bugog series can be classified as fine silty, mixed, mesic family of Typic Fragiudults, not as fine loamy, mixed, mesic family of Typic Fragiudalfs.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.478-485
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• 2009

This study was conducted to reclassify Yongheung series based on the second edition of Soil Taxonomy and to discuss the formation of Yongheung series in Jeju Island. Morphological properties of typifying pedon of Yongheung series were investigated and physico-chemical properties were analyzed according to Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. The typifying pedon contains 3.2~3.4% oxalate extractable (Al + 1/2 Fe), less than 85% phosphate retention, and higher bulk density than $0.90Mg\;m^{-3}$. That can not be classified as Andisol. But it has an argillic horizon from a depth of 15 to 150 cm and a base saturation (sum of cations) of less than 35% at 125 cm below the upper boundary of the argillic horizon. That can be classified as Ultisol, not as Andisol or Alfisol. The typifying pedon has 0.9 % or more organic carbon in the upper 15 cm of the argillic horizon and accordingly, can be classified as Humult. It has a clay distribution in which the percentage of clay does not decrese from its maximum amount by 20% or more within a depth of 150 cm from the mineral soil surface, and keys out as Palehumult. Also that meets the requirements of Typic Palehumult. That has 35 % or more clay at the particle-size control section and has mesic soil temperature regime. Yongheung series can be classified as fine, mixed, thermic family of Typic Palehumults, not as fine, mixed, thermic family of Typic Hapludalfs. Most soils distributed in the southern coastal areas in Jeju island which have a humid climate are developed as Andisols. But Yongheung series distributed in this areas and derived from mainly trachyte, trachytic andesite, and volcanic ash are developed as Ultisols.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2010

This study was conducted to reclassify Donggui series based on the second edition of Soil Taxonomy and to discuss the formation of Donggui series in Jeju Island. Morphological properties of typifying pedon of Donggui series were investigated and physico-chemical properties were analyzed according to Soil survey laboratory methods manual. The typifying pedon has very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam A horizon (0~17 cm), gravelly very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam BA horizon (17~42 cm), gravelly very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam Bt1 horizon (43~80 cm), brown (7.5YR 4/6) silty clay Bt2 horizon (80~105 cm), and brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay Bt3 horizon (105~150 cm). It is developed in lava plain and are derived from basalt and pyroclastic materials. The typifying pedon contains 1.3~2.1% oxalate extractable (Al + 1/2 Fe), less than 85% phosphate retention, and higher bulk density than 0.90 $Mg/m^3$. That can not be classified as Andisol. But it has an argillic horizon from a depth of 22 to 150 cm and a base saturation (sum of cations) of less than 35% at 125 cm below the upper boundary of the argillic horizon. That can be classified as Ultisol, not as Andisol and Inceptisol. It has udic soil moisture regime, and can be classified as Udalf. Also that meets the requirements of Typic Hapludalf. It has 18-35% clay at the particle-size control section, and have thermic soil temperature regime. Therefore Donggui series can be classified as fine loamy, mixed, thermic family of Typic Hapludalfs, not as fine silty, mixed, thermic family of Dystric Eutrudepts.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2010

This study was conducted to reclassify Anryong series based on the second edition of Soil Taxonomy and to discuss the formation of Anryong series distributed on the mountain foot slope. Morphological properties of typifying pedon of Anryong series were investigated and physico-chemical properties were analyzed according to Soil survey laboratory methods manual. The typifying pedon of Anryong series has brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam Ap horizon (0-22 cm), strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) cobbly clay loam BAt horizon (22-35 cm), strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) cobbly clay loam Bt1 horizon (35-55 cm), reddish brown (5YR 5/4) cobbly clay loam Bt2 horizon (55-82 cm), and brown (7.5YR 5/4) cobbly clay loam Bt3 horizon (82-120 cm). The typifying pedon has an argillic horizon from a depth of 22 to 120 cm and a base saturation (sum of cations) of less than 35% at 125 cm below the upper boundary of the argillic horizon. It can be classified as Ultisol, not as Alfisol. It has udic soil moisture regime, and can be classified as Udult. Also that meets the requirements of Typic Hapludults. It has 18-35% clay at the particle-size control section, and have mesic soil temperature regime. Therefore Anryong series can be classified as fine loamy, mesic family of Typic Hapludults, not as fine loamy, mesic family of Ultic Hapludalfs. Anryong series occur on mountain foot slope positions in colluvial materials derived from acid and intermediate crystalline rocks. They are developed as Ultisols with clay mineral weathering, translocation of clays to accumulate in an argillic horizon, and leaching of base-forming cations from the profile for relatively long periods under humid and temperate climates in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 1991

Volcanic ash soils were classified as Andepts, a suborder of the Inceptisols in Soil Taxonomy. Increased knowledge on the volcanic ash soils necessitated and facilitated considerable improvement in this system. As a result, the new Order of Andisols was incorporated in the 1990 edition of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy. The central concept of an Andisol is that of a soil developing in volcanic ejecta, and/or in volcaniclastic materials, whose colloidal fractions are dominated by short-range-order minerals or Al-humus complexes. Andic propertis of volcanic ash soil in Cheju Island were investigated. For this study, soils of toposequence distributed along the southern slope of Mt. Halla, and the major soil groups such as dark brown soils, very dark brown soils, black soils, and brown forest soils were collected and analyzed for Al, Fe and Si extracted with solutions of pyrophosphate, dithionite-citrate. and oxalate respectively. Weolpyeong and Yongheung soils developed on the lower elevations contain only small amounts of allophane and Al-and Fe-humus complexes. For other soils, allophane content decrease with elevation and increaes with soil depth,whereas Al-humus complexes increase with elevation and decrease with soil depth. Substantial amount of allophane and ferrihydrite are found in all horizons of Ora and Ara soils developed on 150-300m elevations and of Noro and Jeogag soils developed on cinder cones. In the A horizons of Pyeongdae, Tosan and Heugag soils developed on the higher elevations, Al-humus complexes are dominant form of Al reflecting low pH and high organic matter content. However, lower horizons are dominated by allophane.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.177-200
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze physical activities in 'Teachers' Guidance Books for the Nuri Curriculum of 4-year-old children' through simulated instruction of pre-service teachers and, through this, to help them better perform physical activities in their field education for early-aged. The subjects of the study were 30 sophomore students in the early-aged children's Education Department in their 2ndsemester of K University located in Gyeonggi-province. For the analysis of physical activities in 'Teachers' Guidance Books for Nuri Curriculum of 4-year-old children', a qualitative study was conducted and data were collected through informal interviews, reflective journals of pre-service teachers and 30 sessions of education assessment sports. The results of the analysis on the physical activities in 'Teachers' Guidance Books for Nuri Curriculum of 4-year-old children' are as follows; first, preliminary teachers of early-aged children understood the major goal of physical activities in 'Teachers' Guidance Books for Nuri Curriculum of 4-year-old children' as 'expressing.' Second, the teachers thought careful analysis is required on media such as 'video, illustration books, sounds, picture materials' presented together with physical activities in 'Teachers' Guidance Books for Nuri Curriculum of 4-year-old children.' Third, teachers pointed out 'activities that were difficult to understand for pre-service early childhood teachers' and 'improperly presented activities different from the title' as errors and problems in the performance of the Nuri Curriculum. Fourth, as for 'points to make improvement on', pre-service early childhood teachers' requested basic physical activities before the actual activities, the provision of proper actual materials, the necessity of active demonstrations of teachers and making a regulation for the situation of physical activities by early-aged children and teachers together. The results of the study illustrate that deep contemplation and judgment is required of the teachers before conducting physical activities of the Nuri Curriculum.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.159-168
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• 2012

Freedom of speech is indispensable in Democracy. It is a rink among government agencies. Mass media as institutionalized means which forms public opinion impacts quite a few to a society. Mass media as a life media in our daily lives has characteristics of speed and prompt report. It is difficult to measure the effect on a society. Mass media is a lifeline in democracy because it has freedom of opinion for seeing, listening, speaking, and criticizing about the people's right to know in an information society. Our Constitution also guarantees freedom of the press, information(peoples's right to know), report, the collection of news, and edition. Because an unnecessary thing about a privacy is reported by mass media, it can violate defamation. This study seeks to be unbiased in reporting and what the principles of the Constitution for minimizing an invasion of a person's privacy is. This study also seeks freedom of speech and the right to know. In case that a personal honor is invaded by a mass media and a publication, this study provides the Constitution basis, Criminal Law basis, and Civic Law basis for remedy violation. A report for apology on newspaper and by television was widely used as "a proper punishment for honor recovery in the past". The constitutional court had decided that including the report of apology for "a proper punishment of honor recovery" in the article 764 of the Civic Law as a reason of freedom of conscience and the violation of personal rights was against the Constitution. Therefore, this study examples what is a legal remedy in practical?, where is legal basis of special remedy in the Civic Law, and what is a method by the Press Arbitration Law compared with the examples of other countries. On the other hand, because a mass media may injure a person's honor and infringe a person's privacy, if the report is categorized as a malicious press, the true role which mass media has to do may not demonstrated. In conclusion, this study was to minimalize infringement of mass media to a person and to seek a realistic alternative of a legal remedy.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

This study was investigated to review the potentials of irritation and skin sensitization of active ingredients and end-use products of pesticides for pesticide registration, prediction of irritation and sensitization, and data requirements for other purposes. Pesticide irritation and sensitization referred to the Pesticide Manual(14th edition), while toxicity was evaluated based on the data submitted by the pesticide registrant. Totally 148 active ingredients and 149 end-use products were analyzed to compare the positive response, formulation type, and correlation between active ingredients and products. Among active ingredients, ratio of positive response to skin irritation, eye irritation, and skin sensitization were 18.8, 47.0 and 20.6% respectively. While, positive response to skin irritation, eye irritation, and skin sensitization of the products were 14.9, 38.9 and 23.6%, respectively. Emulsifiable concentrate showed the highest positive response among formulation types showing skin irritation 31.3%, eye irritation 81.3%, and skin sensitization 31.3%. On the other hand granule type showed the lowest response with skin 4.8, eye 14.3 and sensitization 14.8%. There was no correlation by active ingredient content on irritation and sensitization of products. However, both active ingredients and products showed same positive response were skin 73.1%, skin sensitization 66.2%, and eye irritation 44.7%. By the these results, correlation between technical grade of active ingredients and end-use products would be use for pesticide management at the screening stage, especially skin irritation and skin sensitization.